path: root/pretyping/pretyping.ml

(************************************************************************)
(*         *   The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team       *)
(*  v      *   INRIA, CNRS and contributors - Copyright 1999-2018       *)
(* <O___,, *       (see CREDITS file for the list of authors)           *)
(*   \VV/  **************************************************************)
(*    //   *    This file is distributed under the terms of the         *)
(*         *     GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1          *)
(*         *     (see LICENSE file for the text of the license)         *)
(************************************************************************)

(* This file contains the syntax-directed part of the type inference
   algorithm introduced by Murthy in Coq V5.10, 1995; the type
   inference algorithm was initially developed in a file named trad.ml
   which formerly contained a simple concrete-to-abstract syntax
   translation function introduced in CoC V4.10 for implementing the
   "exact" tactic, 1989 *)
(* Support for typing term in Ltac environment by David Delahaye, 2000 *)
(* Type inference algorithm made a functor of the coercion and
   pattern-matching compilation by Matthieu Sozeau, March 2006 *)
(* Fixpoint guard index computation by Pierre Letouzey, July 2007 *)

(* Structural maintainer: Hugo Herbelin *)
(* Secondary maintenance: collective *)


open Pp
open CErrors
open Util
open Names
open Evd
open Constr
open Term
open Termops
open Environ
open EConstr
open Vars
open Reductionops
open Type_errors
open Typing
open Globnames
open Evarutil
open Evardefine
open Pretype_errors
open Glob_term
open Glob_ops
open GlobEnv
open Evarconv

module NamedDecl = Context.Named.Declaration

type typing_constraint = OfType of types | IsType | WithoutTypeConstraint

let (!!) env = GlobEnv.env env

(************************************************************************)
(* This concerns Cases *)
open Inductive
open Inductiveops

(************************************************************************)

(* An auxiliary function for searching for fixpoint guard indexes *)

exception Found of int array

let nf_fix sigma (nas, cs, ts) =
  let inj c = EConstr.to_constr ~abort_on_undefined_evars:false sigma c in
  (nas, Array.map inj cs, Array.map inj ts)

let search_guard ?loc env possible_indexes fixdefs =
  (* Standard situation with only one possibility for each fix. *)
  (* We treat it separately in order to get proper error msg. *)
  let is_singleton = function [_] -> true | _ -> false in
  if List.for_all is_singleton possible_indexes then
    let indexes = Array.of_list (List.map List.hd possible_indexes) in
    let fix = ((indexes, 0),fixdefs) in
    (try check_fix env fix
     with reraise ->
       let (e, info) = CErrors.push reraise in
       let info = Option.cata (fun loc -> Loc.add_loc info loc) info loc in
       iraise (e, info));
    indexes
  else
    (* we now search recursively among all combinations *)
    (try
       List.iter
	 (fun l ->
	    let indexes = Array.of_list l in
            let fix = ((indexes, 0),fixdefs) in
            (* spiwack: We search for a unspecified structural
               argument under the assumption that we need to check the
               guardedness condition (otherwise the first inductive argument
               will be chosen). A more robust solution may be to raise an
               error when totality is assumed but the strutural argument is
               not specified. *)
            try
              let flags = { (typing_flags env) with Declarations.check_guarded = true } in
              let env = Environ.set_typing_flags flags env in
              check_fix env fix; raise (Found indexes)
	    with TypeError _ -> ())
	 (List.combinations possible_indexes);
       let errmsg = "Cannot guess decreasing argument of fix." in
	 user_err ?loc ~hdr:"search_guard" (Pp.str errmsg)
     with Found indexes -> indexes)

(* To force universe name declaration before use *)

let strict_universe_declarations = ref true
let is_strict_universe_declarations () = !strict_universe_declarations

let _ =
  Goptions.(declare_bool_option
	  { optdepr  = false;
	    optname  = "strict universe declaration";
	    optkey   = ["Strict";"Universe";"Declaration"];
	    optread  = is_strict_universe_declarations;
	    optwrite = (:=) strict_universe_declarations })

(** Miscellaneous interpretation functions *)

let interp_known_universe_level evd qid =
  try
    let open Libnames in
    if qualid_is_ident qid then Evd.universe_of_name evd @@ qualid_basename qid
    else raise Not_found
  with Not_found ->
    let univ, k = Nametab.locate_universe qid in
    Univ.Level.make univ k

let interp_universe_level_name ~anon_rigidity evd qid =
  try evd, interp_known_universe_level evd qid
  with Not_found ->
    if Libnames.qualid_is_ident qid then (* Undeclared *)
      let id = Libnames.qualid_basename qid in
      if not (is_strict_universe_declarations ()) then
        new_univ_level_variable ?loc:qid.CAst.loc ~name:id univ_rigid evd
      else user_err ?loc:qid.CAst.loc ~hdr:"interp_universe_level_name"
          (Pp.(str "Undeclared universe: " ++ Id.print id))
    else
      let dp, i = Libnames.repr_qualid qid in
      let num =
        try int_of_string (Id.to_string i)
        with Failure _ ->
          user_err ?loc:qid.CAst.loc ~hdr:"interp_universe_level_name"
            (Pp.(str "Undeclared global universe: " ++ Libnames.pr_qualid qid))
      in
      let level = Univ.Level.make dp num in
      let evd =
        try Evd.add_global_univ evd level
        with UGraph.AlreadyDeclared -> evd
      in evd, level

let interp_universe ?loc evd = function
  | [] -> let evd, l = new_univ_level_variable ?loc univ_rigid evd in
	    evd, Univ.Universe.make l
  | l ->
    List.fold_left (fun (evd, u) l ->
      let evd', u' =
        match l with
        | Some (l,n) ->
           (* [univ_flexible_alg] can produce algebraic universes in terms *)
           let anon_rigidity = univ_flexible in
           let evd', l = interp_universe_level_name ~anon_rigidity evd l in
           let u' = Univ.Universe.make l in
           (match n with
            | 0 -> evd', u'
            | 1 -> evd', Univ.Universe.super u'
            | _ ->
               user_err ?loc ~hdr:"interp_universe"
                        (Pp.(str "Cannot interpret universe increment +" ++ int n)))
        | None ->
           let evd, l = new_univ_level_variable ?loc univ_flexible evd in
           evd, Univ.Universe.make l
      in (evd', Univ.sup u u'))
    (evd, Univ.Universe.type0m) l

let interp_known_level_info ?loc evd = function
  | UUnknown | UAnonymous ->
    user_err ?loc ~hdr:"interp_known_level_info"
      (str "Anonymous universes not allowed here.")
  | UNamed qid ->
    try interp_known_universe_level evd qid
    with Not_found ->
      user_err ?loc ~hdr:"interp_known_level_info" (str "Undeclared universe " ++ Libnames.pr_qualid qid)

let interp_level_info ?loc evd : level_info -> _ = function
  | UUnknown -> new_univ_level_variable ?loc univ_rigid evd
  | UAnonymous -> new_univ_level_variable ?loc univ_flexible evd
  | UNamed s -> interp_universe_level_name ~anon_rigidity:univ_flexible evd s

type inference_hook = env -> evar_map -> Evar.t -> evar_map * constr

type inference_flags = {
  use_typeclasses : bool;
  solve_unification_constraints : bool;
  use_hook : inference_hook option;
  fail_evar : bool;
  expand_evars : bool
}

(* Compute the set of still-undefined initial evars up to restriction
   (e.g. clearing) and the set of yet-unsolved evars freshly created
   in the extension [sigma'] of [sigma] (excluding the restrictions of
   the undefined evars of [sigma] to be freshly created evars of
   [sigma']). Otherwise said, we partition the undefined evars of
   [sigma'] into those already in [sigma] or deriving from an evar in
   [sigma] by restriction, and the evars properly created in [sigma'] *)

type frozen =
| FrozenId of evar_info Evar.Map.t
  (** No pending evars. We do not put a set here not to reallocate like crazy,
      but the actual data of the map is not used, only keys matter. All
      functions operating on this type must have the same behaviour on
      [FrozenId map] and [FrozenProgress (Evar.Map.domain map, Evar.Set.empty)] *)
| FrozenProgress of (Evar.Set.t * Evar.Set.t) Lazy.t
  (** Proper partition of the evar map as described above. *)

let frozen_and_pending_holes (sigma, sigma') =
  let undefined0 = Evd.undefined_map sigma in
  (** Fast path when the undefined evars where not modified *)
  if undefined0 == Evd.undefined_map sigma' then
    FrozenId undefined0
  else
    let data = lazy begin
    let add_derivative_of evk evi acc =
      match advance sigma' evk with None -> acc | Some evk' -> Evar.Set.add evk' acc in
    let frozen = Evar.Map.fold add_derivative_of undefined0 Evar.Set.empty in
    let fold evk _ accu = if not (Evar.Set.mem evk frozen) then Evar.Set.add evk accu else accu in
    let pending = Evd.fold_undefined fold sigma' Evar.Set.empty in
    (frozen, pending)
    end in
    FrozenProgress data

let apply_typeclasses env evdref frozen fail_evar =
  let filter_frozen = match frozen with
  | FrozenId map -> fun evk -> Evar.Map.mem evk map
  | FrozenProgress (lazy (frozen, _)) -> fun evk -> Evar.Set.mem evk frozen
  in
  evdref := Typeclasses.resolve_typeclasses
     ~filter:(if Flags.is_program_mode () 
	      then (fun evk evi -> Typeclasses.no_goals_or_obligations evk evi && not (filter_frozen evk))
              else (fun evk evi -> Typeclasses.no_goals evk evi && not (filter_frozen evk)))
     ~split:true ~fail:fail_evar env !evdref;
  if Flags.is_program_mode () then (* Try optionally solving the obligations *)
    evdref := Typeclasses.resolve_typeclasses
      ~filter:(fun evk evi -> Typeclasses.all_evars evk evi && not (filter_frozen evk)) ~split:true ~fail:false env !evdref

let apply_inference_hook hook evdref frozen = match frozen with
| FrozenId _ -> ()
| FrozenProgress (lazy (_, pending)) ->
  evdref := Evar.Set.fold (fun evk sigma ->
    if Evd.is_undefined sigma evk (* in particular not defined by side-effect *)
    then
      try
        let sigma, c = hook sigma evk in
        Evd.define evk c sigma
      with Exit ->
        sigma
    else
      sigma) pending !evdref

let apply_heuristics env evdref fail_evar =
  (* Resolve eagerly, potentially making wrong choices *)
  try evdref := solve_unif_constraints_with_heuristics
	~ts:(Typeclasses.classes_transparent_state ()) env !evdref
  with e when CErrors.noncritical e ->
    let e = CErrors.push e in if fail_evar then iraise e

let check_typeclasses_instances_are_solved env current_sigma frozen =
  (* Naive way, call resolution again with failure flag *)
  apply_typeclasses env (ref current_sigma) frozen true

let check_extra_evars_are_solved env current_sigma frozen = match frozen with
| FrozenId _ -> ()
| FrozenProgress (lazy (_, pending)) ->
  Evar.Set.iter
    (fun evk ->
      if not (Evd.is_defined current_sigma evk) then
        let (loc,k) = evar_source evk current_sigma in
	match k with
	| Evar_kinds.ImplicitArg (gr, (i, id), false) -> ()
	| _ ->
	    error_unsolvable_implicit ?loc env current_sigma evk None) pending

(* [check_evars] fails if some unresolved evar remains *)

let check_evars env initial_sigma sigma c =
  let rec proc_rec c =
    match EConstr.kind sigma c with
    | Evar (evk, _) ->
      if not (Evd.mem initial_sigma evk) then
        let (loc,k) = evar_source evk sigma in
        begin match k with
          | Evar_kinds.ImplicitArg (gr, (i, id), false) -> ()
          | _ -> Pretype_errors.error_unsolvable_implicit ?loc env sigma evk None
        end
    | _ -> EConstr.iter sigma proc_rec c
  in proc_rec c

let check_evars_are_solved env current_sigma frozen =
  check_typeclasses_instances_are_solved env current_sigma frozen;
  check_problems_are_solved env current_sigma;
  check_extra_evars_are_solved env current_sigma frozen

(* Try typeclasses, hooks, unification heuristics ... *)

let solve_remaining_evars flags env current_sigma init_sigma =
  let frozen = frozen_and_pending_holes (init_sigma, current_sigma) in
  let evdref = ref current_sigma in
  if flags.use_typeclasses then apply_typeclasses env evdref frozen false;
  if Option.has_some flags.use_hook then
    apply_inference_hook (Option.get flags.use_hook env) evdref frozen;
  if flags.solve_unification_constraints then apply_heuristics env evdref false;
  if flags.fail_evar then check_evars_are_solved env !evdref frozen;
  !evdref

let check_evars_are_solved env current_sigma init_sigma =
  let frozen = frozen_and_pending_holes (init_sigma, current_sigma) in
  check_evars_are_solved env current_sigma frozen

let process_inference_flags flags env initial_sigma (sigma,c,cty) =
  let sigma = solve_remaining_evars flags env sigma initial_sigma in
  let c = if flags.expand_evars then nf_evar sigma c else c in
  sigma,c,cty

let adjust_evar_source evdref na c =
  match na, kind !evdref c with
  | Name id, Evar (evk,args) ->
     let evi = Evd.find !evdref evk in
     begin match evi.evar_source with
     | loc, Evar_kinds.QuestionMark {
         Evar_kinds.qm_obligation=b;
         Evar_kinds.qm_name=Anonymous;
         Evar_kinds.qm_record_field=recfieldname;
        } ->
        let src = (loc,Evar_kinds.QuestionMark {
            Evar_kinds.qm_obligation=b;
            Evar_kinds.qm_name=na;
            Evar_kinds.qm_record_field=recfieldname;
        }) in
        let (evd, evk') = restrict_evar !evdref evk (evar_filter evi) ~src None in
        evdref := evd;
        mkEvar (evk',args)
     | _ -> c
     end
  | _, _ -> c

(* coerce to tycon if any *)
let inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc resolve_tc env evdref j = function
  | None -> j
  | Some t ->
      evd_comb2 (Coercion.inh_conv_coerce_to ?loc resolve_tc !!env) evdref j t

let check_instance loc subst = function
  | [] -> ()
  | (id,_) :: _ ->
      if List.mem_assoc id subst then
        user_err ?loc  (Id.print id ++ str "appears more than once.")
      else
        user_err ?loc  (str "No such variable in the signature of the existential variable: " ++ Id.print id ++ str ".")

(* used to enforce a name in Lambda when the type constraints itself
   is named, hence possibly dependent *)

let orelse_name name name' = match name with
  | Anonymous -> name'
  | _ -> name

let pretype_id pretype k0 loc env evdref id =
  (* Look for the binder of [id] *)
  try
    let (n,_,typ) = lookup_rel_id id (rel_context !!env) in
      { uj_val  = mkRel n; uj_type = lift n typ }
  with Not_found ->
  try
    GlobEnv.interp_ltac_variable ?loc (fun env -> pretype env evdref) env !evdref id
  with Not_found ->
  (* Check if [id] is a section or goal variable *)
  try
    { uj_val  = mkVar id; uj_type = NamedDecl.get_type (lookup_named id !!env) }
  with Not_found ->
    (* [id] not found, standard error message *)
    error_var_not_found ?loc id

(*************************************************************************)
(* Main pretyping function                                               *)

let interp_known_glob_level ?loc evd = function
  | GProp -> Univ.Level.prop
  | GSet -> Univ.Level.set
  | GType s -> interp_known_level_info ?loc evd s

let interp_glob_level ?loc evd : glob_level -> _ = function
  | GProp -> evd, Univ.Level.prop
  | GSet -> evd, Univ.Level.set
  | GType s -> interp_level_info ?loc evd s

let interp_instance ?loc evd ~len l =
  if len != List.length l then
    user_err ?loc ~hdr:"pretype"
      (str "Universe instance should have length " ++ int len)
  else
    let evd, l' =
      List.fold_left
        (fun (evd, univs) l ->
	  let evd, l = interp_glob_level ?loc evd l in
	  (evd, l :: univs)) (evd, [])
        l
    in
    if List.exists (fun l -> Univ.Level.is_prop l) l' then
      user_err ?loc ~hdr:"pretype"
	(str "Universe instances cannot contain Prop, polymorphic" ++
	   str " universe instances must be greater or equal to Set.");
    evd, Some (Univ.Instance.of_array (Array.of_list (List.rev l')))

let pretype_global ?loc rigid env evd gr us = 
  let evd, instance = 
    match us with
    | None -> evd, None
    | Some l -> 
       let _, ctx = Global.constr_of_global_in_context !!env gr in
       let len = Univ.AUContext.size ctx in
       interp_instance ?loc evd ~len l
  in
  let (sigma, c) = Evd.fresh_global ?loc ~rigid ?names:instance !!env evd gr in
  (sigma, c)

let pretype_ref ?loc evdref env ref us =
  match ref with
  | VarRef id ->
      (* Section variable *)
      (try make_judge (mkVar id) (NamedDecl.get_type (lookup_named id !!env))
       with Not_found ->
         (* This may happen if env is a goal env and section variables have
            been cleared - section variables should be different from goal
            variables *)
         Pretype_errors.error_var_not_found ?loc id)
  | ref ->
    let evd, c = pretype_global ?loc univ_flexible env !evdref ref us in
    let () = evdref := evd in
    let ty = unsafe_type_of !!env evd c in
      make_judge c ty

let judge_of_Type ?loc evd s =
  let evd, s = interp_universe ?loc evd s in
  let judge = 
    { uj_val = mkSort (Type s); uj_type = mkSort (Type (Univ.super s)) }
  in
    evd, judge

let pretype_sort ?loc evdref = function
  | GProp -> judge_of_prop
  | GSet -> judge_of_set
  | GType s -> evd_comb1 (judge_of_Type ?loc) evdref s

let new_type_evar env evdref loc =
  e_new_type_evar env evdref ~src:(Loc.tag ?loc Evar_kinds.InternalHole)

(* [pretype tycon env evdref lvar lmeta cstr] attempts to type [cstr] *)
(* in environment [env], with existential variables [evdref] and *)
(* the type constraint tycon *)

let rec pretype k0 resolve_tc (tycon : type_constraint) (env : GlobEnv.t) evdref t =
  let inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc = inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc resolve_tc in
  let pretype_type = pretype_type k0 resolve_tc in
  let pretype = pretype k0 resolve_tc in
  let open Context.Rel.Declaration in
  let loc = t.CAst.loc in
  match DAst.get t with
  | GRef (ref,u) ->
      inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref
	(pretype_ref ?loc evdref env ref u)
	tycon

  | GVar id ->
    inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref
      (pretype_id (fun e r t -> pretype tycon e r t) k0 loc env evdref id)
      tycon

  | GEvar (id, inst) ->
      (* Ne faudrait-il pas s'assurer que hyps est bien un
	 sous-contexte du contexte courant, et qu'il n'y a pas de Rel "caché" *)
      let evk =
        try Evd.evar_key id !evdref
        with Not_found ->
          user_err ?loc  (str "Unknown existential variable.") in
      let hyps = evar_filtered_context (Evd.find !evdref evk) in
      let args = pretype_instance k0 resolve_tc env evdref loc hyps evk inst in
      let c = mkEvar (evk, args) in
      let j = (Retyping.get_judgment_of !!env !evdref c) in
	inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref j tycon

  | GPatVar kind ->
    let ty =
      match tycon with
      | Some ty -> ty
      | None -> new_type_evar env evdref loc in
    let k = Evar_kinds.MatchingVar kind in
      { uj_val = e_new_evar env evdref ~src:(loc,k) ty; uj_type = ty }

  | GHole (k, naming, None) ->
      let ty =
        match tycon with
        | Some ty -> ty
        | None -> new_type_evar env evdref loc in
        { uj_val = e_new_evar env evdref ~src:(loc,k) ~naming ty; uj_type = ty }

  | GHole (k, _naming, Some arg) ->
      let ty =
        match tycon with
        | Some ty -> ty
        | None -> new_type_evar env evdref loc in
      let (c, sigma) = GlobEnv.interp_glob_genarg env !evdref ty arg in
      let () = evdref := sigma in
      { uj_val = c; uj_type = ty }

  | GRec (fixkind,names,bl,lar,vdef) ->
    let rec type_bl env ctxt = function
      | [] -> ctxt
      | (na,bk,None,ty)::bl ->
        let ty' = pretype_type empty_valcon env evdref ty in
	let dcl = LocalAssum (na, ty'.utj_val) in
        let dcl', env = push_rel !evdref dcl env in
        type_bl env (Context.Rel.add dcl' ctxt) bl
      | (na,bk,Some bd,ty)::bl ->
        let ty' = pretype_type empty_valcon env evdref ty in
        let bd' = pretype (mk_tycon ty'.utj_val) env evdref bd in
        let dcl = LocalDef (na, bd'.uj_val, ty'.utj_val) in
        let dcl', env = push_rel !evdref dcl env in
        type_bl env (Context.Rel.add dcl' ctxt) bl in
    let ctxtv = Array.map (type_bl env Context.Rel.empty) bl in
    let larj =
      Array.map2
        (fun e ar ->
          pretype_type empty_valcon (snd (push_rel_context !evdref e env)) evdref ar)
        ctxtv lar in
    let lara = Array.map (fun a -> a.utj_val) larj in
    let ftys = Array.map2 (fun e a -> it_mkProd_or_LetIn a e) ctxtv lara in
    let nbfix = Array.length lar in
    let names = Array.map (fun id -> Name id) names in
    let () =
      match tycon with
      | Some t -> 
 	let fixi = match fixkind with
	  | GFix (vn,i) -> i
	  | GCoFix i -> i
        in
        begin match conv !!env !evdref ftys.(fixi) t with
          | None -> ()
          | Some sigma -> evdref := sigma
        end
      | None -> ()
    in
      (* Note: bodies are not used by push_rec_types, so [||] is safe *)
    let names,newenv = push_rec_types !evdref (names,ftys) env in
    let vdefj =
      Array.map2_i
	(fun i ctxt def ->
             (* we lift nbfix times the type in tycon, because of
	      * the nbfix variables pushed to newenv *)
          let (ctxt,ty) =
	    decompose_prod_n_assum !evdref (Context.Rel.length ctxt)
              (lift nbfix ftys.(i)) in
          let ctxt,nenv = push_rel_context !evdref ctxt newenv in
          let j = pretype (mk_tycon ty) nenv evdref def in
	    { uj_val = it_mkLambda_or_LetIn j.uj_val ctxt;
	      uj_type = it_mkProd_or_LetIn j.uj_type ctxt })
        ctxtv vdef in
      evdref := Typing.check_type_fixpoint ?loc !!env !evdref names ftys vdefj;
      let nf c = nf_evar !evdref c in
      let ftys = Array.map nf ftys in (** FIXME *)
      let fdefs = Array.map (fun x -> nf (j_val x)) vdefj in
      let fixj = match fixkind with
	| GFix (vn,i) ->
	      (* First, let's find the guard indexes. *)
	      (* If recursive argument was not given by user, we try all args.
	         An earlier approach was to look only for inductive arguments,
		 but doing it properly involves delta-reduction, and it finally
                 doesn't seem worth the effort (except for huge mutual
		 fixpoints ?) *)
	  let possible_indexes =
	    Array.to_list (Array.mapi
			     (fun i (n,_) -> match n with
			     | Some n -> [n]
			     | None -> List.map_i (fun i _ -> i) 0 ctxtv.(i))
			     vn)
	  in
	  let fixdecls = (names,ftys,fdefs) in
          let indexes =
            search_guard
              ?loc !!env possible_indexes (nf_fix !evdref fixdecls)
          in
	    make_judge (mkFix ((indexes,i),fixdecls)) ftys.(i)
	| GCoFix i ->
          let fixdecls = (names,ftys,fdefs) in
	  let cofix = (i, fixdecls) in
            (try check_cofix !!env (i, nf_fix !evdref fixdecls)
             with reraise ->
               let (e, info) = CErrors.push reraise in
               let info = Option.cata (Loc.add_loc info) info loc in
               iraise (e, info));
	    make_judge (mkCoFix cofix) ftys.(i)
      in
	inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref fixj tycon

  | GSort s ->
    let j = pretype_sort ?loc evdref s in
      inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref j tycon

  | GProj (p, c) ->
    (* TODO: once GProj is used as an input syntax, use bidirectional typing here *)
    let cj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref c in
    judge_of_projection !!env !evdref p cj

  | GApp (f,args) ->
    let fj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref f in
    let floc = loc_of_glob_constr f in
    let length = List.length args in
    let candargs =
	(* Bidirectional typechecking hint: 
	   parameters of a constructor are completely determined
	   by a typing constraint *)
      if Flags.is_program_mode () && length > 0 && isConstruct !evdref fj.uj_val then
	match tycon with
	| None -> []
	| Some ty ->
	  let ((ind, i), u) = destConstruct !evdref fj.uj_val in
	  let npars = inductive_nparams ind in
	    if Int.equal npars 0 then []
	    else
	      try
                let IndType (indf, args) = find_rectype !!env !evdref ty in
	  	let ((ind',u'),pars) = dest_ind_family indf in
	  	  if eq_ind ind ind' then List.map EConstr.of_constr pars
	  	  else (* Let the usual code throw an error *) []
	      with Not_found -> []
      else []
    in
    let app_f = 
      match EConstr.kind !evdref fj.uj_val with
      | Const (p, u) when Recordops.is_primitive_projection p ->
        let p = Option.get @@ Recordops.find_primitive_projection p in
	let p = Projection.make p false in
        let npars = Projection.npars p in
          fun n ->
	    if n == npars + 1 then fun _ v -> mkProj (p, v)
	    else fun f v -> applist (f, [v])
      | _ -> fun _ f v -> applist (f, [v])
    in
    let rec apply_rec env n resj candargs = function
      | [] -> resj
      | c::rest ->
	let argloc = loc_of_glob_constr c in
        let resj = evd_comb1 (Coercion.inh_app_fun resolve_tc !!env) evdref resj in
        let resty = whd_all !!env !evdref resj.uj_type in
      	  match EConstr.kind !evdref resty with
	  | Prod (na,c1,c2) ->
	    let tycon = Some c1 in
            let hj = pretype tycon env evdref c in
	    let candargs, ujval =
	      match candargs with
	      | [] -> [], j_val hj
	      | arg :: args -> 
                begin match conv !!env !evdref (j_val hj) arg with
                  | Some sigma -> evdref := sigma;
                    args, nf_evar !evdref (j_val hj)
                  | None ->
                    [], j_val hj
                end
	    in
            let ujval = adjust_evar_source evdref na ujval in
	    let value, typ = app_f n (j_val resj) ujval, subst1 ujval c2 in
	    let j = { uj_val = value; uj_type = typ } in
	      apply_rec env (n+1) j candargs rest
		
	  | _ ->
            let hj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref c in
	      error_cant_apply_not_functional
                ?loc:(Loc.merge_opt floc argloc) !!env !evdref
                resj [|hj|]
    in
    let resj = apply_rec env 1 fj candargs args in
    let resj =
      match EConstr.kind !evdref resj.uj_val with
      | App (f,args) ->
          if is_template_polymorphic !!env !evdref f then
	    (* Special case for inductive type applications that must be 
	       refreshed right away. *)
	    let c = mkApp (f, args) in
            let c = evd_comb1 (Evarsolve.refresh_universes (Some true) !!env) evdref c in
            let t = Retyping.get_type_of !!env !evdref c in
	      make_judge c (* use this for keeping evars: resj.uj_val *) t
	  else resj
      | _ -> resj 
    in
      inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref resj tycon

  | GLambda(name,bk,c1,c2) ->
    let tycon' = evd_comb1
      (fun evd tycon ->
	match tycon with
	| None -> evd, tycon
	| Some ty ->
          let evd, ty' = Coercion.inh_coerce_to_prod ?loc !!env evd ty in
	    evd, Some ty')
      evdref tycon
    in
    let (name',dom,rng) = evd_comb1 (split_tycon ?loc !!env) evdref tycon' in
    let dom_valcon = valcon_of_tycon dom in
    let j = pretype_type dom_valcon env evdref c1 in
    let var = LocalAssum (name, j.utj_val) in
    let var',env' = push_rel !evdref var env in
    let j' = pretype rng env' evdref c2 in
    let name = get_name var' in
    let resj = judge_of_abstraction !!env (orelse_name name name') j j' in
      inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref resj tycon

  | GProd(name,bk,c1,c2) ->
    let j = pretype_type empty_valcon env evdref c1 in
    let name, j' = match name with
      | Anonymous ->
        let j = pretype_type empty_valcon env evdref c2 in
        name, { j with utj_val = lift 1 j.utj_val }
      | Name _ ->
        let var = LocalAssum (name, j.utj_val) in
        let var, env' = push_rel !evdref var env in
        get_name var, pretype_type empty_valcon env' evdref c2
    in
    let resj =
      try
        judge_of_product !!env name j j'
      with TypeError _ as e ->
        let (e, info) = CErrors.push e in
        let info = Option.cata (Loc.add_loc info) info loc in
        iraise (e, info) in
      inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref resj tycon

  | GLetIn(name,c1,t,c2) ->
    let tycon1 =
      match t with
      | Some t ->
         mk_tycon (pretype_type empty_valcon env evdref t).utj_val
      | None ->
         empty_tycon in
    let j = pretype tycon1 env evdref c1 in
    let t = evd_comb1 (Evarsolve.refresh_universes
      ~onlyalg:true ~status:Evd.univ_flexible (Some false) !!env)
      evdref j.uj_type in
    let var = LocalDef (name, j.uj_val, t) in
    let tycon = lift_tycon 1 tycon in
    let var, env = push_rel !evdref var env in
    let j' = pretype tycon env evdref c2 in
    let name = get_name var in
      { uj_val = mkLetIn (name, j.uj_val, t, j'.uj_val) ;
	uj_type = subst1 j.uj_val j'.uj_type }

  | GLetTuple (nal,(na,po),c,d) ->
    let cj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref c in
    let (IndType (indf,realargs)) =
      try find_rectype !!env !evdref cj.uj_type
      with Not_found ->
	let cloc = loc_of_glob_constr c in
          error_case_not_inductive ?loc:cloc !!env !evdref cj
    in
    let ind = fst (fst (dest_ind_family indf)) in
    let cstrs = get_constructors !!env indf in
    if not (Int.equal (Array.length cstrs) 1) then
      user_err ?loc  (str "Destructing let is only for inductive types" ++
	str " with one constructor.");
    let cs = cstrs.(0) in
    if not (Int.equal (List.length nal) cs.cs_nargs) then
      user_err ?loc:loc (str "Destructing let on this type expects " ++ 
	int cs.cs_nargs ++ str " variables.");
    let fsign, record = 
      let set_name na d = set_name na (map_rel_decl EConstr.of_constr d) in
      match Environ.get_projections !!env ind with
      | None ->
	 List.map2 set_name (List.rev nal) cs.cs_args, false
      | Some ps ->
	let rec aux n k names l =
	  match names, l with
	  | na :: names, (LocalAssum (_,t) :: l) ->
            let t = EConstr.of_constr t in
	    let proj = Projection.make ps.(cs.cs_nargs - k) true in
	    LocalDef (na, lift (cs.cs_nargs - n) (mkProj (proj, cj.uj_val)), t)
	    :: aux (n+1) (k + 1) names l
	  | na :: names, (decl :: l) ->
	    set_name na decl :: aux (n+1) k names l
	  | [], [] -> []
	  | _ -> assert false
	in aux 1 1 (List.rev nal) cs.cs_args, true in
    let fsign = if Flags.version_strictly_greater Flags.V8_6
                then Context.Rel.map (whd_betaiota !evdref) fsign
                else fsign (* beta-iota-normalization regression in 8.5 and 8.6 *) in
    let fsign,env_f = push_rel_context !evdref fsign env in
    let obj ind p v f =
      if not record then
	let f = it_mkLambda_or_LetIn f fsign in
        let ci = make_case_info !!env (fst ind) LetStyle in
	  mkCase (ci, p, cj.uj_val,[|f|]) 
      else it_mkLambda_or_LetIn f fsign
    in
    (* Make dependencies from arity signature impossible *)
    let arsgn =
      let arsgn,_ = get_arity !!env indf in
      List.map (set_name Anonymous) arsgn
    in
      let indt = build_dependent_inductive !!env indf in
      let psign = LocalAssum (na, indt) :: arsgn in (* For locating names in [po] *)
      let psign = List.map (fun d -> map_rel_decl EConstr.of_constr d) psign in
      let predenv = Cases.make_return_predicate_ltac_lvar env !evdref na c cj.uj_val in
      let nar = List.length arsgn in
      let psign',env_p = push_rel_context ~force_names:true !evdref psign predenv in
	  (match po with
	  | Some p ->
            let pj = pretype_type empty_valcon env_p evdref p in
	    let ccl = nf_evar !evdref pj.utj_val in
	    let p = it_mkLambda_or_LetIn ccl psign' in
	    let inst =
	      (Array.map_to_list EConstr.of_constr cs.cs_concl_realargs)
	      @[EConstr.of_constr (build_dependent_constructor cs)] in
	    let lp = lift cs.cs_nargs p in
            let fty = hnf_lam_applist !!env !evdref lp inst in
            let fj = pretype (mk_tycon fty) env_f evdref d in
	    let v =
	      let ind,_ = dest_ind_family indf in
                Typing.check_allowed_sort !!env !evdref ind cj.uj_val p;
		obj ind p cj.uj_val fj.uj_val
	    in
	      { uj_val = v; uj_type = (substl (realargs@[cj.uj_val]) ccl) }

	  | None ->
	    let tycon = lift_tycon cs.cs_nargs tycon in
            let fj = pretype tycon env_f evdref d in
	    let ccl = nf_evar !evdref fj.uj_type in
	    let ccl =
	      if noccur_between !evdref 1 cs.cs_nargs ccl then
		lift (- cs.cs_nargs) ccl
	      else
                error_cant_find_case_type ?loc !!env !evdref
		  cj.uj_val in
		 (* let ccl = refresh_universes ccl in *)
	    let p = it_mkLambda_or_LetIn (lift (nar+1) ccl) psign' in
	    let v =
	      let ind,_ = dest_ind_family indf in
                Typing.check_allowed_sort !!env !evdref ind cj.uj_val p;
		obj ind p cj.uj_val fj.uj_val
	    in { uj_val = v; uj_type = ccl })

  | GIf (c,(na,po),b1,b2) ->
    let cj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref c in
    let (IndType (indf,realargs)) =
      try find_rectype !!env !evdref cj.uj_type
      with Not_found ->
	let cloc = loc_of_glob_constr c in
          error_case_not_inductive ?loc:cloc !!env !evdref cj in
    let cstrs = get_constructors !!env indf in
      if not (Int.equal (Array.length cstrs) 2) then
        user_err ?loc 
		      (str "If is only for inductive types with two constructors.");

      let arsgn =
        let arsgn,_ = get_arity !!env indf in
        (* Make dependencies from arity signature impossible *)
        List.map (set_name Anonymous) arsgn
      in
      let nar = List.length arsgn in
      let indt = build_dependent_inductive !!env indf in
      let psign = LocalAssum (na, indt) :: arsgn in (* For locating names in [po] *)
      let psign = List.map (fun d -> map_rel_decl EConstr.of_constr d) psign in
      let predenv = Cases.make_return_predicate_ltac_lvar env !evdref na c cj.uj_val in
      let psign,env_p = push_rel_context !evdref psign predenv in
      let pred,p = match po with
	| Some p ->
          let pj = pretype_type empty_valcon env_p evdref p in
	  let ccl = nf_evar !evdref pj.utj_val in
          let pred = it_mkLambda_or_LetIn ccl psign in
	  let typ = lift (- nar) (beta_applist !evdref (pred,[cj.uj_val])) in
	    pred, typ
	| None ->
	  let p = match tycon with
	    | Some ty -> ty
            | None -> new_type_evar env evdref loc
	  in
            it_mkLambda_or_LetIn (lift (nar+1) p) psign, p in
      let pred = nf_evar !evdref pred in
      let p = nf_evar !evdref p in
      let f cs b =
	let n = Context.Rel.length cs.cs_args in
	let pi = lift n pred in (* liftn n 2 pred ? *)
	let pi = beta_applist !evdref (pi, [EConstr.of_constr (build_dependent_constructor cs)]) in
        let cs_args = List.map (fun d -> map_rel_decl EConstr.of_constr d) cs.cs_args in
        let cs_args =
          if Flags.version_strictly_greater Flags.V8_6
          then Context.Rel.map (whd_betaiota !evdref) cs_args
          else cs_args (* beta-iota-normalization regression in 8.5 and 8.6 *) in
	let csgn =
          List.map (set_name Anonymous) cs_args
        in
        let _,env_c = push_rel_context !evdref csgn env in
        let bj = pretype (mk_tycon pi) env_c evdref b in
	  it_mkLambda_or_LetIn bj.uj_val cs_args in
      let b1 = f cstrs.(0) b1 in
      let b2 = f cstrs.(1) b2 in
      let v =
	let ind,_ = dest_ind_family indf in
        let ci = make_case_info !!env (fst ind) IfStyle in
	let pred = nf_evar !evdref pred in
          Typing.check_allowed_sort !!env !evdref ind cj.uj_val pred;
	  mkCase (ci, pred, cj.uj_val, [|b1;b2|])
      in
      let cj = { uj_val = v; uj_type = p } in
      inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref cj tycon

  | GCases (sty,po,tml,eqns) ->
    Cases.compile_cases ?loc sty (pretype,evdref) tycon env (po,tml,eqns)

  | GCast (c,k) ->
    let cj =
      match k with
      | CastCoerce ->
        let cj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref c in
          evd_comb1 (Coercion.inh_coerce_to_base ?loc !!env) evdref cj
      | CastConv t | CastVM t | CastNative t ->
	let k = (match k with CastVM _ -> VMcast | CastNative _ -> NATIVEcast | _ -> DEFAULTcast) in
        let tj = pretype_type empty_valcon env evdref t in
        let tval = evd_comb1 (Evarsolve.refresh_universes
                             ~onlyalg:true ~status:Evd.univ_flexible (Some false) !!env)
                          evdref tj.utj_val in
	let tval = nf_evar !evdref tval in
	let cj, tval = match k with
	  | VMcast ->
            let cj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref c in
	    let cty = nf_evar !evdref cj.uj_type and tval = nf_evar !evdref tval in
	      if not (occur_existential !evdref cty || occur_existential !evdref tval) then
                match Reductionops.vm_infer_conv !!env !evdref cty tval with
                | Some evd -> (evdref := evd; cj, tval)
                | None ->
                  error_actual_type ?loc !!env !evdref cj tval
                      (ConversionFailed (!!env,cty,tval))
	      else user_err ?loc  (str "Cannot check cast with vm: " ++
		str "unresolved arguments remain.")
	  | NATIVEcast ->
            let cj = pretype empty_tycon env evdref c in
	    let cty = nf_evar !evdref cj.uj_type and tval = nf_evar !evdref tval in
            begin
              match Nativenorm.native_infer_conv !!env !evdref cty tval with
              | Some evd -> (evdref := evd; cj, tval)
              | None ->
                error_actual_type ?loc !!env !evdref cj tval
                  (ConversionFailed (!!env,cty,tval))
            end
	  | _ -> 
            pretype (mk_tycon tval) env evdref c, tval
	in
	let v = mkCast (cj.uj_val, k, tval) in
	  { uj_val = v; uj_type = tval }
    in inh_conv_coerce_to_tycon ?loc env evdref cj tycon

and pretype_instance k0 resolve_tc env evdref loc hyps evk update =
  let f decl (subst,update) =
    let id = NamedDecl.get_id decl in
    let t = replace_vars subst (NamedDecl.get_type decl) in
    let c, update =
      try
        let c = List.assoc id update in
        let c = pretype k0 resolve_tc (mk_tycon t) env evdref c in
        c.uj_val, List.remove_assoc id update
      with Not_found ->
      try
        let (n,_,t') = lookup_rel_id id (rel_context !!env) in
        if is_conv !!env !evdref t (lift n t') then mkRel n, update else raise Not_found
      with Not_found ->
      try
        let t' = !!env |> lookup_named id |> NamedDecl.get_type in
        if is_conv !!env !evdref t t' then mkVar id, update else raise Not_found
      with Not_found ->
        user_err ?loc  (str "Cannot interpret " ++
          pr_existential_key !evdref evk ++
          str " in current context: no binding for " ++ Id.print id ++ str ".") in
    ((id,c)::subst, update) in
  let subst,inst = List.fold_right f hyps ([],update) in
  check_instance loc subst inst;
  Array.map_of_list snd subst

(* [pretype_type valcon env evdref c] coerces [c] into a type *)
and pretype_type k0 resolve_tc valcon (env : GlobEnv.t) evdref c = match DAst.get c with
  | GHole (knd, naming, None) ->
      let loc = loc_of_glob_constr c in
      (match valcon with
       | Some v ->
           let s =
	     let sigma =  !evdref in
             let t = Retyping.get_type_of !!env sigma v in
               match EConstr.kind sigma (whd_all !!env sigma t) with
               | Sort s -> ESorts.kind sigma s
               | Evar ev when is_Type sigma (existential_type sigma ev) ->
                   evd_comb1 (define_evar_as_sort !!env) evdref ev
               | _ -> anomaly (Pp.str "Found a type constraint which is not a type.")
           in
           (* Correction of bug #5315 : we need to define an evar for *all* holes *)
           let evkt = e_new_evar env evdref ~src:(loc, knd) ~naming (mkSort s) in
           let ev,_ = destEvar !evdref evkt in
           evdref := Evd.define ev (nf_evar !evdref v) !evdref;
           (* End of correction of bug #5315 *)
           { utj_val = v;
	     utj_type = s }
       | None ->
	   let s = evd_comb0 (new_sort_variable univ_flexible_alg) evdref in
	     { utj_val = e_new_evar env evdref ~src:(loc, knd) ~naming (mkSort s);
	       utj_type = s})
  | _ ->
      let j = pretype k0 resolve_tc empty_tycon env evdref c in
      let loc = loc_of_glob_constr c in
      let tj = evd_comb1 (Coercion.inh_coerce_to_sort ?loc !!env) evdref j in
	match valcon with
	| None -> tj
	| Some v ->
          begin match cumul !!env !evdref v tj.utj_val with
            | Some sigma -> evdref := sigma; tj
            | None ->
	      error_unexpected_type
                ?loc:(loc_of_glob_constr c) !!env !evdref tj.utj_val v
          end

let ise_pretype_gen flags env sigma lvar kind c =
  let env = GlobEnv.make env sigma lvar in
  let evdref = ref sigma in
  let k0 = Context.Rel.length (rel_context !!env) in
  let c', c'_ty = match kind with
    | WithoutTypeConstraint ->
        let j = pretype k0 flags.use_typeclasses empty_tycon env evdref c in
        j.uj_val, j.uj_type
    | OfType exptyp ->
        let j = pretype k0 flags.use_typeclasses (mk_tycon exptyp) env evdref c in
        j.uj_val, j.uj_type
    | IsType ->
        let tj = pretype_type k0 flags.use_typeclasses empty_valcon env evdref c in
        tj.utj_val, mkSort tj.utj_type
  in
  process_inference_flags flags !!env sigma (!evdref,c',c'_ty)

let default_inference_flags fail = {
  use_typeclasses = true;
  solve_unification_constraints = true;
  use_hook = None;
  fail_evar = fail;
  expand_evars = true }

let no_classes_no_fail_inference_flags = {
  use_typeclasses = false;
  solve_unification_constraints = true;
  use_hook = None;
  fail_evar = false;
  expand_evars = true }

let all_and_fail_flags = default_inference_flags true
let all_no_fail_flags = default_inference_flags false

let ise_pretype_gen_ctx flags env sigma lvar kind c =
  let evd, c, _ = ise_pretype_gen flags env sigma lvar kind c in
  c, Evd.evar_universe_context evd

(** Entry points of the high-level type synthesis algorithm *)

let understand
    ?(flags=all_and_fail_flags)
    ?(expected_type=WithoutTypeConstraint)
    env sigma c =
  ise_pretype_gen_ctx flags env sigma empty_lvar expected_type c

let understand_tcc_ty ?(flags=all_no_fail_flags) env sigma ?(expected_type=WithoutTypeConstraint) c =
  ise_pretype_gen flags env sigma empty_lvar expected_type c

let understand_tcc ?flags env sigma ?expected_type c =
  let sigma, c, _ = understand_tcc_ty ?flags env sigma ?expected_type c in
  sigma, c

let understand_ltac flags env sigma lvar kind c =
  let (sigma, c, _) = ise_pretype_gen flags env sigma lvar kind c in
  (sigma, c)

let pretype k0 resolve_tc typcon env evdref lvar t =
  pretype k0 resolve_tc typcon (GlobEnv.make env !evdref lvar) evdref t

let pretype_type k0 resolve_tc valcon env evdref lvar t =
  pretype_type k0 resolve_tc valcon (GlobEnv.make env !evdref lvar) evdref t