theories/Relations

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+
+(* $Id$ *)
+
+(* Properties of a binary relation R on type A *)
+
+  Parameter A : Type.  
+  Parameter R : A->A->Prop.  
+
+(* Definition of the reflexive-transitive closure R* of R *)
+(* Smallest reflexive P containing R o P *)
+
+Definition Rstar  := [x,y:A](P:A->A->Prop)
+   ((u:A)(P u u))->((u:A)(v:A)(w:A)(R u v)->(P v w)->(P u w)) -> (P x y).  
+
+Theorem Rstar_reflexive:  (x:A)(Rstar x x).
+ Proof [x:A][P:A->A->Prop]
+       [h1:(u:A)(P u u)][h2:(u:A)(v:A)(w:A)(R u v)->(P v w)->(P u w)]
+       (h1 x).  
+  
+Theorem Rstar_R: (x:A)(y:A)(z:A)(R x y)->(Rstar y z)->(Rstar x z).
+ Proof [x:A][y:A][z:A][t1:(R x y)][t2:(Rstar y z)]
+       [P:A->A->Prop]
+       [h1:(u:A)(P u u)][h2:(u:A)(v:A)(w:A)(R u v)->(P v w)->(P u w)]
+       (h2 x y z t1 (t2 P h1 h2)).  
+  
+(* We conclude with transitivity of Rstar : *)
+
+Theorem  Rstar_transitive:  (x:A)(y:A)(z:A)(Rstar x y)->(Rstar y z)->(Rstar x z).
+ Proof  [x:A][y:A][z:A][h:(Rstar x y)]
+        (h ([u:A][v:A](Rstar v z)->(Rstar u z))
+           ([u:A][t:(Rstar u z)]t)
+           ([u:A][v:A][w:A][t1:(R u v)][t2:(Rstar w z)->(Rstar v z)]
+            [t3:(Rstar w z)](Rstar_R u v z t1 (t2 t3)))).  
+
+(* Another characterization of R* *)
+(* Smallest reflexive P containing R o R* *)
+
+Definition Rstar' := [x:A][y:A](P:A->A->Prop)
+    ((P x x))->((u:A)(R x u)->(Rstar u y)->(P x y)) -> (P x y).  
+
+Theorem Rstar'_reflexive: (x:A)(Rstar' x x).
+ Proof  [x:A][P:A->A->Prop][h:(P x x)][h':(u:A)(R x u)->(Rstar u x)->(P x x)]h.
+  
+Theorem Rstar'_R: (x:A)(y:A)(z:A)(R x z)->(Rstar z y)->(Rstar' x y).
+ Proof  [x:A][y:A][z:A][t1:(R x z)][t2:(Rstar z y)]
+        [P:A->A->Prop][h1:(P x x)]
+        [h2:(u:A)(R x u)->(Rstar u y)->(P x y)](h2 z t1 t2).  
+  
+(* Equivalence of the two definitions: *)
+
+Theorem Rstar'_Rstar:  (x:A)(y:A)(Rstar' x y)->(Rstar x y).
+ Proof  [x:A][y:A][h:(Rstar' x y)]
+        (h Rstar (Rstar_reflexive x) ([u:A](Rstar_R x u y))).  
+  
+Theorem Rstar_Rstar':  (x:A)(y:A)(Rstar x y)->(Rstar' x y).
+ Proof  [x:A][y:A][h:(Rstar x y)](h Rstar' ([u:A](Rstar'_reflexive u))
+         ([u:A][v:A][w:A][h1:(R u v)][h2:(Rstar' v w)]
+          (Rstar'_R u w v h1 (Rstar'_Rstar v w h2)))).  
+
+
+
+(* Property of Commutativity of two relations *)
+
+Definition commut := [A:Set][R1,R2:A->A->Prop]
+                       (x,y:A)(R1 y x)->(z:A)(R2 z y)
+                        ->(EX y':A |(R2 y' x) & (R1 z y')).