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| author | Maxime Dénès | 2018-04-03 14:05:50 +0200 |
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| committer | Maxime Dénès | 2018-04-09 09:07:12 +0200 |
| commit | ca7a7ffbf5e0576e2a50052e644c1d067843fddf (patch) | |
| tree | 644f15609e2252928aad94907ab2c412a118580e /doc/refman | |
| parent | 2feb32e1c4329520fa80a3a54f8986d6978ae444 (diff) | |
[Sphinx] Move chapter 7 to new infrastructure
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/refman')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/refman/RefMan-pro.tex | 581 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/refman/Reference-Manual.tex | 1 |
2 files changed, 0 insertions, 582 deletions
diff --git a/doc/refman/RefMan-pro.tex b/doc/refman/RefMan-pro.tex deleted file mode 100644 index bd74a40d7c..0000000000 --- a/doc/refman/RefMan-pro.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,581 +0,0 @@ -\chapter[Proof handling]{Proof handling\index{Proof editing} -\label{Proof-handling}} -%HEVEA\cutname{proof-handling.html} - -In \Coq's proof editing mode all top-level commands documented in -Chapter~\ref{Vernacular-commands} remain available -and the user has access to specialized commands dealing with proof -development pragmas documented in this section. He can also use some -other specialized commands called {\em tactics}. They are the very -tools allowing the user to deal with logical reasoning. They are -documented in Chapter~\ref{Tactics}.\\ -When switching in editing proof mode, the prompt -\index{Prompt} -{\tt Coq <} is changed into {\tt {\ident} <} where {\ident} is the -declared name of the theorem currently edited. - -At each stage of a proof development, one has a list of goals to -prove. Initially, the list consists only in the theorem itself. After -having applied some tactics, the list of goals contains the subgoals -generated by the tactics. - -To each subgoal is associated a number of -hypotheses called the {\em \index*{local context}} of the goal. -Initially, the local context contains the local variables and -hypotheses of the current section (see Section~\ref{Variable}) and the -local variables and hypotheses of the theorem statement. It is -enriched by the use of certain tactics (see e.g. {\tt intro} in -Section~\ref{intro}). - -When a proof is completed, the message {\tt Proof completed} is -displayed. One can then register this proof as a defined constant in the -environment. Because there exists a correspondence between proofs and -terms of $\lambda$-calculus, known as the {\em Curry-Howard -isomorphism} \cite{How80,Bar91,Gir89,Hue89}, \Coq~ stores proofs as -terms of {\sc Cic}. Those terms are called {\em proof - terms}\index{Proof term}. - -\ErrMsg When one attempts to use a proof editing command out of the -proof editing mode, \Coq~ raises the error message : \errindex{No focused - proof}. - -\section{Switching on/off the proof editing mode} - -The proof editing mode is entered by asserting a statement, which -typically is the assertion of a theorem: - -\begin{quote} -{\tt Theorem {\ident} \zeroone{\binders} : {\form}.\comindex{Theorem} -\label{Theorem}} -\end{quote} - -The list of assertion commands is given in -Section~\ref{Assertions}. The command {\tt Goal} can also be used. - -\subsection[Goal {\form}.]{\tt Goal {\form}.\comindex{Goal}\label{Goal}} - -This is intended for quick assertion of statements, without knowing in -advance which name to give to the assertion, typically for quick -testing of the provability of a statement. If the proof of the -statement is eventually completed and validated, the statement is then -bound to the name {\tt Unnamed\_thm} (or a variant of this name not -already used for another statement). - -\subsection[\tt Qed.]{\tt Qed.\comindex{Qed}\label{Qed}} -This command is available in interactive editing proof mode when the -proof is completed. Then {\tt Qed} extracts a proof term from the -proof script, switches back to {\Coq} top-level and attaches the -extracted proof term to the declared name of the original goal. This -name is added to the environment as an {\tt Opaque} constant. - -\begin{ErrMsgs} -\item \errindex{Attempt to save an incomplete proof} -%\item \ident\ \errindex{already exists}\\ -% The implicit name is already defined. You have then to provide -% explicitly a new name (see variant 3 below). -\item Sometimes an error occurs when building the proof term, -because tactics do not enforce completely the term construction -constraints. - -The user should also be aware of the fact that since the proof term is -completely rechecked at this point, one may have to wait a while when -the proof is large. In some exceptional cases one may even incur a -memory overflow. -\end{ErrMsgs} - -\begin{Variants} - -\item {\tt Defined.} -\comindex{Defined} -\label{Defined} - - Defines the proved term as a transparent constant. - -\item {\tt Save {\ident}.} - - Forces the name of the original goal to be {\ident}. This command - (and the following ones) can only be used if the original goal has - been opened using the {\tt Goal} command. - -\end{Variants} - -\subsection[\tt Admitted.]{\tt Admitted.\comindex{Admitted}\label{Admitted}} -This command is available in interactive editing proof mode to give up -the current proof and declare the initial goal as an axiom. - -\subsection[\tt Proof {\term}.]{\tt Proof {\term}.\comindex{Proof} -\label{BeginProof}} -This command applies in proof editing mode. It is equivalent to {\tt - exact {\term}. Qed.} That is, you have to give the full proof in -one gulp, as a proof term (see Section~\ref{exact}). - -\variant {\tt Proof.} - - Is a noop which is useful to delimit the sequence of tactic commands - which start a proof, after a {\tt Theorem} command. It is a good - practice to use {\tt Proof.} as an opening parenthesis, closed in - the script with a closing {\tt Qed.} - -\SeeAlso {\tt Proof with {\tac}.} in Section~\ref{ProofWith}. - -\subsection[{\tt Proof using} {\ident$_1$} {\ldots} {\ident$_n$}{\tt .}] -{{\tt Proof using} {\ident$_1$} {\ldots} {\ident$_n$}{\tt .} -\comindex{Proof using} \label{ProofUsing}} - -This command applies in proof editing mode. -It declares the set of section variables (see~\ref{Variable}) -used by the proof. At {\tt Qed} time, the system will assert that -the set of section variables actually used in the proof is a subset of -the declared one. - -The set of declared variables is closed under type dependency. -For example if {\tt T} is variable and {\tt a} is a variable of -type {\tt T}, the commands {\tt Proof using a} and -{\tt Proof using T a} are actually equivalent. - -\variant {\tt Proof using} {\ident$_1$} {\ldots} {\ident$_n$} {\tt with} {\tac}{\tt .} -in Section~\ref{ProofWith}. - -\variant {\tt Proof using All.} - - Use all section variables. - -\variant {\tt Proof using Type.} -\variant {\tt Proof using.} - - Use only section variables occurring in the statement. - -\variant {\tt Proof using Type*.} - - The {\tt *} operator computes the forward transitive closure. - E.g. if the variable {\tt H} has type {\tt p < 5} then {\tt H} is - in {\tt p*} since {\tt p} occurs in the type of {\tt H}. - {\tt Type* } is the forward transitive closure of the entire set of - section variables occurring in the statement. - -\variant {\tt Proof using -( \ident$_1$} {\ldots} {\tt \ident$_n$ ).} - - Use all section variables except {\ident$_1$} {\ldots} {\ident$_n$}. - -\variant {\tt Proof using \nterm{collection}$_1$ + \nterm{collection}$_2$ .} - -\variant {\tt Proof using \nterm{collection}$_1$ - \nterm{collection}$_2$ .} - -\variant {\tt Proof using \nterm{collection} - ( \ident$_1$} {\ldots} {\tt \ident$_n$ ).} - -\variant {\tt Proof using \nterm{collection} * .} - - Use section variables being, respectively, in the set union, set difference, - set complement, set forward transitive closure. - See Section~\ref{Collection} to know how to form a named - collection. - The {\tt *} operator binds stronger than {\tt +} and {\tt -}. - -\subsubsection{{\tt Proof using} options} -\optindex{Default Proof Using} -\optindex{Suggest Proof Using} -% \optindex{Proof Using Clear Unused} - -The following options modify the behavior of {\tt Proof using}. - -\variant {\tt Set Default Proof Using "expression".} - - Use {\tt expression} as the default {\tt Proof using} value. - E.g. {\tt Set Default Proof Using "a b".} will complete all {\tt Proof } - commands not followed by a {\tt using} part with {\tt using a b}. - -\variant {\tt Set Suggest Proof Using.} - - When {\tt Qed} is performed, suggest a {\tt using} annotation if - the user did not provide one. - -% \variant{\tt Unset Proof Using Clear Unused.} -% -% When {\tt Proof using a} all section variables but for {\tt a} and -% the variables used in the type of {\tt a} are cleared. -% This option can be used to turn off this behavior. -% -\subsubsection[\tt Collection]{Name a set of section hypotheses for {\tt Proof using}} -\comindex{Collection}\label{Collection} - -The command {\tt Collection} can be used to name a set of section hypotheses, -with the purpose of making {\tt Proof using} annotations more compact. - -\variant {\tt Collection Some := x y z.} - - Define the collection named "Some" containing {\tt x y} and {\tt z} - -\variant {\tt Collection Fewer := Some - x.} - - Define the collection named "Fewer" containing only {\tt x y} - -\variant {\tt Collection Many := Fewer + Some.} -\variant {\tt Collection Many := Fewer - Some.} - - Define the collection named "Many" containing the set union or set difference - of "Fewer" and "Some". - -\variant {\tt Collection Many := Fewer - (x y).} - - Define the collection named "Many" containing the set difference - of "Fewer" and the unnamed collection {\tt x y}. - -\subsection[\tt Abort.]{\tt Abort.\comindex{Abort}} - -This command cancels the current proof development, switching back to -the previous proof development, or to the \Coq\ toplevel if no other -proof was edited. - -\begin{ErrMsgs} -\item \errindex{No focused proof (No proof-editing in progress)} -\end{ErrMsgs} - -\begin{Variants} - -\item {\tt Abort {\ident}.} - - Aborts the editing of the proof named {\ident}. - -\item {\tt Abort All.} - - Aborts all current goals, switching back to the \Coq\ toplevel. - -\end{Variants} - -%%%% -\subsection[\tt Existential {\num} := {\term}.]{\tt Existential {\num} := {\term}.\comindex{Existential} -\label{Existential}} - -This command instantiates an existential variable. {\tt \num} -is an index in the list of uninstantiated existential variables -displayed by {\tt Show Existentials} (described in Section~\ref{Show}). - -This command is intended to be used to instantiate existential -variables when the proof is completed but some uninstantiated -existential variables remain. To instantiate existential variables -during proof edition, you should use the tactic {\tt instantiate}. - -\SeeAlso {\tt instantiate (\num:= \term).} in Section~\ref{instantiate}. -\SeeAlso {\tt Grab Existential Variables.} below. - -\subsection[\tt Grab Existential Variables.]{\tt Grab Existential Variables.\comindex{Grab Existential Variables} -\label{GrabEvars}} - -This command can be run when a proof has no more goal to be solved but has remaining -uninstantiated existential variables. It takes every uninstantiated existential variable -and turns it into a goal. - -%%%%%%%% -\section{Navigation in the proof tree} -%%%%%%%% - -\subsection[\tt Undo.]{\tt Undo.\comindex{Undo}} - -This command cancels the effect of the last command. Thus, it -backtracks one step. - -\begin{Variants} - -\item {\tt Undo {\num}.} - - Repeats {\tt Undo} {\num} times. - -\end{Variants} - -\subsection[\tt Restart.]{\tt Restart.\comindex{Restart}} -This command restores the proof editing process to the original goal. - -\begin{ErrMsgs} -\item \errindex{No focused proof to restart} -\end{ErrMsgs} - -\subsection[\tt Focus.]{\tt Focus.\comindex{Focus}} -This focuses the attention on the first subgoal to prove and the printing -of the other subgoals is suspended until the focused subgoal is -solved or unfocused. This is useful when there are many current -subgoals which clutter your screen. - -\begin{Variant} -\item {\tt Focus {\num}.}\\ -This focuses the attention on the $\num^{th}$ subgoal to prove. -\end{Variant} - -\emph{This command is deprecated since 8.8: prefer the use of bullets or - focusing brackets instead, including {\tt {\num}: \{}}. - -\subsection[\tt Unfocus.]{\tt Unfocus.\comindex{Unfocus}} -This command restores to focus the goal that were suspended by the -last {\tt Focus} command. - -\emph{This command is deprecated since 8.8.} - -\subsection[\tt Unfocused.]{\tt Unfocused.\comindex{Unfocused}} -Succeeds in the proof if fully unfocused, fails if there are some -goals out of focus. - -\subsection[\tt \{ \textrm{and} \}]{\tt \{ \textrm{and} \}\comindex{\{}\comindex{\}}}\label{curlybacket} -The command {\tt \{} (without a terminating period) focuses on the -first goal, much like {\tt Focus.} does, however, the subproof can -only be unfocused when it has been fully solved (\emph{i.e.} when -there is no focused goal left). Unfocusing is then handled by {\tt \}} -(again, without a terminating period). See also example in next section. - -Note that when a focused goal is proved a message is displayed -together with a suggestion about the right bullet or {\tt \}} to -unfocus it or focus the next one. - -\begin{Variants} - -\item {\tt {\num}: \{}\\ -This focuses on the $\num^{th}$ subgoal to prove. - -\end{Variants} - -\begin{ErrMsgs} -\item \errindex{This proof is focused, but cannot be unfocused - this way} You are trying to use {\tt \}} but the current subproof - has not been fully solved. -\item \errindex{No such goal} -\item \errindex{Brackets only support the single numbered goal selector} -\item see also error message about bullets below. -\end{ErrMsgs} - -\subsection[Bullets]{Bullets\comindex{+ (command)} - \comindex{- (command)}\comindex{* (command)}\index{Bullets}}\label{bullets} -Alternatively to {\tt \{} and {\tt \}}, proofs can be structured with -bullets. The use of a bullet $b$ for the first time focuses on the -first goal $g$, the same bullet cannot be used again until the proof -of $g$ is completed, then it is mandatory to focus the next goal with $b$. The -consequence is that $g$ and all goals present when $g$ was focused are -focused with the same bullet $b$. See the example below. - -Different bullets can be used to nest levels. The scope of bullet does -not go beyond enclosing {\tt \{} and {\tt \}}, so bullets can be -reused as further nesting levels provided they are delimited by these. -Available bullets are {\tt -}, {\tt +}, {\tt *}, {\tt --}, {\tt ++}, {\tt **}, -{\tt ---}, {\tt +++}, {\tt ***}, ... (without a -terminating period). - -Note again that when a focused goal is proved a message is displayed -together with a suggestion about the right bullet or {\tt \}} to -unfocus it or focus the next one. - -Remark: In {\ProofGeneral} (Emacs interface to {\Coq}), you must use -bullets with the priority ordering shown above to have a correct -indentation. For example {\tt -} must be the outer bullet and {\tt **} -the inner one in the example below. - -The following example script illustrates all these features: -\begin{coq_example*} -Goal (((True/\True)/\True)/\True)/\True. -Proof. - split. - - split. - + split. - ** { split. - - trivial. - - trivial. - } - ** trivial. - + trivial. - - assert True. - { trivial. } - assumption. -\end{coq_example*} - - -\begin{ErrMsgs} -\item \errindex{Wrong bullet {\abullet}1 : Current bullet - {\abullet}2 is not finished.} - - Before using bullet {\abullet}1 again, you should first finish - proving the current focused goal. Note that {\abullet}1 and - {\abullet}2 may be the same. - -\item \errindex{Wrong bullet {\abullet}1 : Bullet {\abullet}2 - is mandatory here.} You must put {\abullet}2 to focus next goal. - No other bullet is allowed here. - - -\item \errindex{No such goal. Focus next goal with bullet - {\abullet}.} - - You tried to applied a tactic but no goal where under focus. Using - {\abullet} is mandatory here. - -\item \errindex{No such goal. Try unfocusing with {"{\tt \}}"}.} You - just finished a goal focused by {\tt \{}, you must unfocus it with "{\tt \}}". - -\end{ErrMsgs} - -\subsection[\tt Set Bullet Behavior.]{\tt Set Bullet Behavior.\optindex{Bullet Behavior}} - -The bullet behavior can be controlled by the following commands. - -\begin{quote} -Set Bullet Behavior "None". -\end{quote} - -This makes bullets inactive. - -\begin{quote} -Set Bullet Behavior "Strict Subproofs". -\end{quote} - -This makes bullets active (this is the default behavior). - -\section{Requesting information} - -\subsection[\tt Show.]{\tt Show.\comindex{Show}\label{Show}} -This command displays the current goals. - -\begin{Variants} -\item {\tt Show {\num}.}\\ - Displays only the {\num}-th subgoal.\\ -\begin{ErrMsgs} -\item \errindex{No such goal} -\item \errindex{No focused proof} -\end{ErrMsgs} - -\item {\tt Show {\ident}.}\\ - Displays the named goal {\ident}. - This is useful in particular to display a shelved goal but only works - if the corresponding existential variable has been named by the user - (see~\ref{ExistentialVariables}) as in the following example. - -\begin{coq_eval} -Reset Initial. -\end{coq_eval} - -\begin{coq_example*} -Goal exists n, n = 0. - eexists ?[n]. -\end{coq_example*} -\begin{coq_example} - Show n. -\end{coq_example} - -\item {\tt Show Script.}\comindex{Show Script}\\ - Displays the whole list of tactics applied from the beginning - of the current proof. - This tactics script may contain some holes (subgoals not yet proved). - They are printed under the form \verb!<Your Tactic Text here>!. - -\item {\tt Show Proof.}\comindex{Show Proof}\\ -It displays the proof term generated by the -tactics that have been applied. -If the proof is not completed, this term contain holes, -which correspond to the sub-terms which are still to be -constructed. These holes appear as a question mark indexed -by an integer, and applied to the list of variables in -the context, since it may depend on them. -The types obtained by abstracting away the context from the -type of each hole-placer are also printed. - -\item {\tt Show Conjectures.}\comindex{Show Conjectures}\\ -It prints the list of the names of all the theorems that -are currently being proved. -As it is possible to start proving a previous lemma during -the proof of a theorem, this list may contain several -names. - -\item{\tt Show Intro.}\comindex{Show Intro}\\ -If the current goal begins by at least one product, this command -prints the name of the first product, as it would be generated by -an anonymous {\tt intro}. The aim of this command is to ease the -writing of more robust scripts. For example, with an appropriate -{\ProofGeneral} macro, it is possible to transform any anonymous {\tt - intro} into a qualified one such as {\tt intro y13}. -In the case of a non-product goal, it prints nothing. - -\item{\tt Show Intros.}\comindex{Show Intros}\\ -This command is similar to the previous one, it simulates the naming -process of an {\tt intros}. - -\item{\tt Show Existentials.\label{ShowExistentials}}\comindex{Show Existentials} -\\ It displays -the set of all uninstantiated existential variables in the current proof tree, -along with the type and the context of each variable. - -\item{\tt Show Match {\ident}.\label{ShowMatch}}\comindex{Show Match}\\ -This variant displays a template of the Gallina {\tt match} construct -with a branch for each constructor of the type {\ident}. - -Example: - -\begin{coq_example} -Show Match nat. -\end{coq_example} -\begin{ErrMsgs} -\item \errindex{Unknown inductive type} -\end{ErrMsgs} - -\item{\tt Show Universes.\label{ShowUniverses}}\comindex{Show Universes} -\\ It displays the set of all universe constraints and its -normalized form at the current stage of the proof, useful for -debugging universe inconsistencies. - -\end{Variants} - - -\subsection[\tt Guarded.]{\tt Guarded.\comindex{Guarded}\label{Guarded}} - -Some tactics (e.g. refine \ref{refine}) allow to build proofs using -fixpoint or co-fixpoint constructions. Due to the incremental nature -of interactive proof construction, the check of the termination (or -guardedness) of the recursive calls in the fixpoint or cofixpoint -constructions is postponed to the time of the completion of the proof. - -The command \verb!Guarded! allows checking if the guard condition for -fixpoint and cofixpoint is violated at some time of the construction -of the proof without having to wait the completion of the proof." - - -\section{Controlling the effect of proof editing commands} - -\subsection[\tt Set Hyps Limit {\num}.]{\tt Set Hyps Limit {\num}.\optindex{Hyps Limit}} -This command sets the maximum number of hypotheses displayed in -goals after the application of a tactic. -All the hypotheses remains usable in the proof development. - - -\subsection[\tt Unset Hyps Limit.]{\tt Unset Hyps Limit.\optindex{Hyps Limit}} -This command goes back to the default mode which is to print all -available hypotheses. - - -\subsection[\tt Set Automatic Introduction.]{\tt Set Automatic Introduction.\optindex{Automatic Introduction}\label{Set Automatic Introduction}} - -The option {\tt Automatic Introduction} controls the way binders are -handled in assertion commands such as {\tt Theorem {\ident} - \zeroone{\binders} : {\form}}. When the option is set, which is the -default, {\binders} are automatically put in the local context of the -goal to prove. - -The option can be unset by issuing {\tt Unset Automatic Introduction}. -When the option is unset, {\binders} are discharged on the statement -to be proved and a tactic such as {\tt intro} (see -Section~\ref{intro}) has to be used to move the assumptions to the -local context. - -\section{Controlling memory usage\comindex{Optimize Proof}\comindex{Optimize Heap}} - -When experiencing high memory usage the following commands can be -used to force Coq to optimize some of its internal data structures. - -\subsection[\tt Optimize Proof.]{\tt Optimize Proof.} - -This command forces Coq to shrink the data structure used to represent -the ongoing proof. - -\subsection[\tt Optimize Heap.]{\tt Optimize Heap.\label{vernac-optimizeheap}} - -This command forces the OCaml runtime to perform a heap compaction. -This is in general an expensive operation. See: \\ -\ \url{http://caml.inria.fr/pub/docs/manual-ocaml/libref/Gc.html#VALcompact} \\ -There is also an analogous tactic {\tt optimize\_heap} (see~\ref{tactic-optimizeheap}). - -%%% Local Variables: -%%% mode: latex -%%% TeX-master: "Reference-Manual" -%%% End: diff --git a/doc/refman/Reference-Manual.tex b/doc/refman/Reference-Manual.tex index e511160075..8909c0fefd 100644 --- a/doc/refman/Reference-Manual.tex +++ b/doc/refman/Reference-Manual.tex @@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ Options A and B of the licence are {\em not} elected.} \part{The proof engine} \include{RefMan-oth.v}% Vernacular commands -\include{RefMan-pro.v}% Proof handling \include{RefMan-ltac.v}% Writing tactics \lstset{language=SSR} |
