diff options
| author | Hugo Herbelin | 2019-08-25 13:21:27 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Hugo Herbelin | 2019-08-25 13:21:27 +0200 |
| commit | 09953295ea86eaf78c6688a1a2861aa6f41cd9ab (patch) | |
| tree | 137bbe73b3e9077786bb55a3f92ee9d50ab72a23 | |
| parent | 07c4c8cac353883a2c6ae493556b9b544f3f38c0 (diff) | |
| parent | ecd4b9f09e90d166c8088b139c36ef52be10b982 (diff) | |
Merge PR #10632: Prove the completeness of real numbers from logical axiom sig_not_dec
Reviewed-by: herbelin
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/stdlib/index-list.html.template | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/QArith/QArith_base.v | 30 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/ConstructiveCauchyReals.v | 948 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/ConstructiveRIneq.v | 1163 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/ConstructiveRcomplete.v | 393 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/ConstructiveReals.v | 149 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/ConstructiveRealsLUB.v | 276 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/RIneq.v | 62 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/Raxioms.v | 232 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | theories/Reals/Rdefinitions.v | 88 |
10 files changed, 2479 insertions, 864 deletions
diff --git a/doc/stdlib/index-list.html.template b/doc/stdlib/index-list.html.template index dcfe4a08f3..cc91776a4d 100644 --- a/doc/stdlib/index-list.html.template +++ b/doc/stdlib/index-list.html.template @@ -514,9 +514,11 @@ through the <tt>Require Import</tt> command.</p> </dt> <dd> theories/Reals/Rdefinitions.v + theories/Reals/ConstructiveReals.v theories/Reals/ConstructiveCauchyReals.v theories/Reals/Raxioms.v theories/Reals/ConstructiveRIneq.v + theories/Reals/ConstructiveRealsLUB.v theories/Reals/RIneq.v theories/Reals/DiscrR.v theories/Reals/ROrderedType.v diff --git a/theories/QArith/QArith_base.v b/theories/QArith/QArith_base.v index 21bea6c315..b60feb9256 100644 --- a/theories/QArith/QArith_base.v +++ b/theories/QArith/QArith_base.v @@ -726,6 +726,21 @@ Proof. exact (Z_lt_le_dec (Qnum x * QDen y) (Qnum y * QDen x)). Defined. +Lemma Qarchimedean : forall q : Q, { p : positive | q < Z.pos p # 1 }. +Proof. + intros. destruct q as [a b]. destruct a. + - exists xH. reflexivity. + - exists (p+1)%positive. apply (Z.lt_le_trans _ (Z.pos (p+1))). + simpl. rewrite Pos.mul_1_r. + apply Z.lt_succ_diag_r. simpl. rewrite Pos2Z.inj_mul. + rewrite <- (Zmult_1_r (Z.pos (p+1))). apply Z.mul_le_mono_nonneg. + discriminate. rewrite Zmult_1_r. apply Z.le_refl. discriminate. + apply Z2Nat.inj_le. discriminate. apply Pos2Z.is_nonneg. + apply Nat.le_succ_l. apply Nat2Z.inj_lt. + rewrite Z2Nat.id. apply Pos2Z.is_pos. apply Pos2Z.is_nonneg. + - exists xH. reflexivity. +Defined. + (** Compatibility of operations with respect to order. *) Lemma Qopp_le_compat : forall p q, p<=q -> -q <= -p. @@ -980,6 +995,21 @@ change (1/b < c). apply Qlt_shift_div_r; assumption. Qed. +Lemma Qinv_lt_contravar : forall a b : Q, + 0 < a -> 0 < b -> (a < b <-> /b < /a). +Proof. + intros. split. + - intro. rewrite <- Qmult_1_l. apply Qlt_shift_div_r. apply H0. + rewrite <- (Qmult_inv_r a). rewrite Qmult_comm. + apply Qmult_lt_l. apply Qinv_lt_0_compat. apply H. + apply H1. intro abs. rewrite abs in H. apply (Qlt_irrefl 0 H). + - intro. rewrite <- (Qinv_involutive b). rewrite <- (Qmult_1_l (// b)). + apply Qlt_shift_div_l. apply Qinv_lt_0_compat. apply H0. + rewrite <- (Qmult_inv_r a). apply Qmult_lt_l. apply H. + apply H1. intro abs. rewrite abs in H. apply (Qlt_irrefl 0 H). +Qed. + + (** * Rational to the n-th power *) Definition Qpower_positive : Q -> positive -> Q := diff --git a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveCauchyReals.v b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveCauchyReals.v index 3ca9248600..004854e751 100644 --- a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveCauchyReals.v +++ b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveCauchyReals.v @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Require Import QArith. Require Import Qabs. Require Import Qround. Require Import Logic.ConstructiveEpsilon. +Require CMorphisms. Open Scope Q. @@ -24,95 +25,9 @@ Open Scope Q. Constructive real numbers should be considered abstractly, forgetting the fact that they are implemented as rational sequences. All useful lemmas of this file are exposed in ConstructiveRIneq.v, - under more abstract names, like Rlt_asym instead of CRealLt_asym. *) + under more abstract names, like Rlt_asym instead of CRealLt_asym. -(* First some limit results about Q *) -Lemma Qarchimedean : forall q : Q, { p : positive | Qlt q (Z.pos p # 1) }. -Proof. - intros. destruct q. unfold Qlt. simpl. - rewrite Zmult_1_r. destruct Qnum. - - exists xH. reflexivity. - - exists (p+1)%positive. apply (Z.lt_le_trans _ (Z.pos (p+1))). - apply Z.lt_succ_diag_r. rewrite Pos2Z.inj_mul. - rewrite <- (Zmult_1_r (Z.pos (p+1))). apply Z.mul_le_mono_nonneg. - discriminate. rewrite Zmult_1_r. apply Z.le_refl. discriminate. - apply Z2Nat.inj_le. discriminate. apply Pos2Z.is_nonneg. - apply Nat.le_succ_l. apply Nat2Z.inj_lt. - rewrite Z2Nat.id. apply Pos2Z.is_pos. apply Pos2Z.is_nonneg. - - exists xH. reflexivity. -Qed. - -Lemma Qinv_lt_contravar : forall a b : Q, - Qlt 0 a -> Qlt 0 b -> (Qlt a b <-> Qlt (/b) (/a)). -Proof. - intros. split. - - intro. rewrite <- Qmult_1_l. apply Qlt_shift_div_r. apply H0. - rewrite <- (Qmult_inv_r a). rewrite Qmult_comm. - apply Qmult_lt_l. apply Qinv_lt_0_compat. apply H. - apply H1. intro abs. rewrite abs in H. apply (Qlt_irrefl 0 H). - - intro. rewrite <- (Qinv_involutive b). rewrite <- (Qmult_1_l (// b)). - apply Qlt_shift_div_l. apply Qinv_lt_0_compat. apply H0. - rewrite <- (Qmult_inv_r a). apply Qmult_lt_l. apply H. - apply H1. intro abs. rewrite abs in H. apply (Qlt_irrefl 0 H). -Qed. - -Lemma Qabs_separation : forall q : Q, - (forall k:positive, Qlt (Qabs q) (1 # k)) - -> q == 0. -Proof. - intros. destruct (Qle_lt_or_eq 0 (Qabs q)). apply Qabs_nonneg. - - exfalso. destruct (Qarchimedean (Qinv (Qabs q))) as [p maj]. - specialize (H p). apply (Qlt_not_le (/ Qabs q) (Z.pos p # 1)). - apply maj. apply Qlt_le_weak. - setoid_replace (Z.pos p # 1) with (/(1#p)). 2: reflexivity. - rewrite <- Qinv_lt_contravar. apply H. apply H0. - reflexivity. - - destruct q. unfold Qeq in H0. simpl in H0. - rewrite Zmult_1_r in H0. replace Qnum with 0%Z. reflexivity. - destruct (Zabs_dec Qnum). rewrite e. rewrite H0. reflexivity. - rewrite e. rewrite <- H0. ring. -Qed. - -Lemma Qle_limit : forall (a b : Q), - (forall eps:Q, Qlt 0 eps -> Qlt a (b + eps)) - -> Qle a b. -Proof. - intros. destruct (Q_dec a b). destruct s. - apply Qlt_le_weak. assumption. exfalso. - assert (0 < a - b). unfold Qminus. apply (Qlt_minus_iff b a). - assumption. specialize (H (a-b) H0). - apply (Qlt_irrefl a). ring_simplify in H. assumption. - rewrite q. apply Qle_refl. -Qed. - -Lemma Qopp_lt_compat : forall p q, p<q -> -q < -p. -Proof. - intros (a1,a2) (b1,b2); unfold Qlt; simpl. - rewrite !Z.mul_opp_l. omega. -Qed. - -Lemma Qmult_minus_one : forall q : Q, inject_Z (-1) * q == - q. -Proof. - intros. field. -Qed. - -Lemma Qsub_comm : forall a b : Q, - a + b == b - a. -Proof. - intros. unfold Qeq. simpl. rewrite Pos.mul_comm. ring. -Qed. - -Lemma PosLt_le_total : forall p q, Pos.lt p q \/ Pos.le q p. -Proof. - intros. destruct (Pos.lt_total p q). left. assumption. - right. destruct H. subst q. apply Pos.le_refl. unfold Pos.lt in H. - unfold Pos.le. rewrite H. discriminate. -Qed. - - - - -(* Cauchy reals are Cauchy sequences of rational numbers, equipped with explicit moduli of convergence and an equivalence relation (the difference converges to zero). @@ -290,105 +205,36 @@ Qed. Definition CReal : Set := { x : (nat -> Q) | QCauchySeq x Pos.to_nat }. -Declare Scope R_scope_constr. +Declare Scope CReal_scope. (* Declare Scope R_scope with Key R *) -Delimit Scope R_scope_constr with CReal. +Delimit Scope CReal_scope with CReal. (* Automatically open scope R_scope for arguments of type R *) -Bind Scope R_scope_constr with CReal. +Bind Scope CReal_scope with CReal. -Open Scope R_scope_constr. - - - - -(* The equality on Cauchy reals is just QSeqEquiv, - which is independant of the convergence modulus. *) -Lemma CRealEq_modindep : forall (x y : CReal), - QSeqEquivEx (proj1_sig x) (proj1_sig y) - <-> forall n:positive, Qle (Qabs (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n) - proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n))) - (2 # n). -Proof. - intros [xn limx] [yn limy]. unfold proj1_sig. split. - - intros [cvmod H] n. unfold proj1_sig in H. - apply Qle_limit. intros. - destruct (Qarchimedean (/eps)) as [k maj]. - remember (max (cvmod k) (Pos.to_nat n)) as p. - assert (le (cvmod k) p). - { rewrite Heqp. apply Nat.le_max_l. } - assert (Pos.to_nat n <= p)%nat. - { rewrite Heqp. apply Nat.le_max_r. } - specialize (H k p p H1 H1). - setoid_replace (xn (Pos.to_nat n) - yn (Pos.to_nat n)) - with (xn (Pos.to_nat n) - xn p + (xn p - yn p + (yn p - yn (Pos.to_nat n)))). - apply (Qle_lt_trans _ (Qabs (xn (Pos.to_nat n) - xn p) - + Qabs (xn p - yn p + (yn p - yn (Pos.to_nat n))))). - apply Qabs_triangle. - setoid_replace (2 # n) with ((1 # n) + (1#n)). rewrite <- Qplus_assoc. - apply Qplus_lt_le_compat. - apply limx. apply le_refl. assumption. - apply (Qle_trans _ (Qabs (xn p - yn p) + Qabs (yn p - yn (Pos.to_nat n)))). - apply Qabs_triangle. rewrite (Qplus_comm (1#n)). apply Qplus_le_compat. - apply Qle_lteq. left. apply (Qlt_trans _ (1 # k)). - assumption. - setoid_replace (Z.pos k #1) with (/ (1#k)) in maj. 2: reflexivity. - apply Qinv_lt_contravar. reflexivity. apply H0. apply maj. - apply Qle_lteq. left. - apply limy. assumption. apply le_refl. - ring_simplify. reflexivity. field. - - intros. exists (fun q => Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * q))). intros k p q H0 H1. - unfold proj1_sig. specialize (H (2 * (3 * k))%positive). - assert ((Pos.to_nat (3 * k) <= Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))%nat). - { generalize (3 * k)%positive. intros. rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_mul. - rewrite <- (mult_1_l (Pos.to_nat p0)). apply Nat.mul_le_mono_nonneg. - auto. unfold Pos.to_nat. simpl. auto. - apply (le_trans 0 1). auto. apply Pos2Nat.is_pos. rewrite mult_1_l. - apply le_refl. } - setoid_replace (xn p - yn q) - with (xn p - xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - + (xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - + (yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn q))). - setoid_replace (1 # k) with ((1 # 3 * k) + ((1 # 3 * k) + (1 # 3 * k))). - apply (Qle_lt_trans - _ (Qabs (xn p - xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))) - + (Qabs (xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - + (yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn q))))). - apply Qabs_triangle. apply Qplus_lt_le_compat. - apply limx. apply (le_trans _ (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))). assumption. assumption. - assumption. - apply (Qle_trans - _ (Qabs (xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))) - + Qabs (yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn q))). - apply Qabs_triangle. apply Qplus_le_compat. - setoid_replace (1 # 3 * k) with (2 # 2 * (3 * k)). apply H. - rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 3). rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 2). rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 3). - rewrite Qmult_assoc. rewrite (Qmult_comm (1#2)). - rewrite <- Qmult_assoc. apply Qmult_comp. reflexivity. - unfold Qeq. reflexivity. - apply Qle_lteq. left. apply limy. assumption. - apply (le_trans _ (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))). assumption. assumption. - rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 3). ring_simplify. reflexivity. field. -Qed. +Open Scope CReal_scope. (* So QSeqEquiv is the equivalence relation of this constructive pre-order *) -Definition CRealLt (x y : CReal) : Prop +Definition CRealLt (x y : CReal) : Set + := { n : positive | Qlt (2 # n) + (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n) - proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n)) }. + +Definition CRealLtProp (x y : CReal) : Prop := exists n : positive, Qlt (2 # n) (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n) - proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n)). Definition CRealGt (x y : CReal) := CRealLt y x. -Definition CReal_appart (x y : CReal) := CRealLt x y \/ CRealLt y x. +Definition CReal_appart (x y : CReal) := sum (CRealLt x y) (CRealLt y x). -Infix "<" := CRealLt : R_scope_constr. -Infix ">" := CRealGt : R_scope_constr. -Infix "#" := CReal_appart : R_scope_constr. +Infix "<" := CRealLt : CReal_scope. +Infix ">" := CRealGt : CReal_scope. +Infix "#" := CReal_appart : CReal_scope. (* This Prop can be extracted as a sigma type *) Lemma CRealLtEpsilon : forall x y : CReal, - x < y - -> { n : positive | Qlt (2 # n) - (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n) - proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n)) }. + CRealLtProp x y -> x < y. Proof. intros. assert (exists n : nat, n <> O @@ -409,25 +255,55 @@ Proof. (proj1_sig y (S n) - proj1_sig x (S n))); assumption. Qed. +Lemma CRealLtForget : forall x y : CReal, + x < y -> CRealLtProp x y. +Proof. + intros. destruct H. exists x0. exact q. +Qed. + +(* CRealLt is decided by the LPO in Type, + which is a non-constructive oracle. *) +Lemma CRealLt_lpo_dec : forall x y : CReal, + (forall (P : nat -> Prop), (forall n, {P n} + {~P n}) + -> {n | ~P n} + {forall n, P n}) + -> CRealLt x y + (CRealLt x y -> False). +Proof. + intros x y lpo. + destruct (lpo (fun n:nat => Qle (proj1_sig y (S n) - proj1_sig x (S n)) + (2 # Pos.of_nat (S n)))). + - intro n. destruct (Qlt_le_dec (2 # Pos.of_nat (S n)) + (proj1_sig y (S n) - proj1_sig x (S n))). + right. apply Qlt_not_le. exact q. left. exact q. + - left. destruct s as [n nmaj]. exists (Pos.of_nat (S n)). + rewrite Nat2Pos.id. apply Qnot_le_lt. exact nmaj. discriminate. + - right. intro abs. destruct abs as [n majn]. + specialize (q (pred (Pos.to_nat n))). + replace (S (pred (Pos.to_nat n))) with (Pos.to_nat n) in q. + rewrite Pos2Nat.id in q. + pose proof (Qle_not_lt _ _ q). contradiction. + symmetry. apply Nat.succ_pred. intro abs. + pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos n). rewrite abs in H. inversion H. +Qed. + (* Alias the quotient order equality *) Definition CRealEq (x y : CReal) : Prop - := ~CRealLt x y /\ ~CRealLt y x. + := (CRealLt x y -> False) /\ (CRealLt y x -> False). -Infix "==" := CRealEq : R_scope_constr. +Infix "==" := CRealEq : CReal_scope. (* Alias the large order *) Definition CRealLe (x y : CReal) : Prop - := ~CRealLt y x. + := CRealLt y x -> False. Definition CRealGe (x y : CReal) := CRealLe y x. -Infix "<=" := CRealLe : R_scope_constr. -Infix ">=" := CRealGe : R_scope_constr. +Infix "<=" := CRealLe : CReal_scope. +Infix ">=" := CRealGe : CReal_scope. -Notation "x <= y <= z" := (x <= y /\ y <= z) : R_scope_constr. -Notation "x <= y < z" := (x <= y /\ y < z) : R_scope_constr. -Notation "x < y < z" := (x < y /\ y < z) : R_scope_constr. -Notation "x < y <= z" := (x < y /\ y <= z) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "x <= y <= z" := (x <= y /\ y <= z) : CReal_scope. +Notation "x <= y < z" := (prod (x <= y) (y < z)) : CReal_scope. +Notation "x < y < z" := (prod (x < y) (y < z)) : CReal_scope. +Notation "x < y <= z" := (prod (x < y) (y <= z)) : CReal_scope. Lemma CRealLe_not_lt : forall x y : CReal, (forall n:positive, Qle (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n) - proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n)) @@ -465,6 +341,79 @@ Proof. apply Qle_Qabs. apply H. Qed. +(* The equality on Cauchy reals is just QSeqEquiv, + which is independant of the convergence modulus. *) +Lemma CRealEq_modindep : forall (x y : CReal), + QSeqEquivEx (proj1_sig x) (proj1_sig y) + <-> forall n:positive, + Qle (Qabs (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n) - proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n))) (2 # n). +Proof. + assert (forall x y: CReal, QSeqEquivEx (proj1_sig x) (proj1_sig y) -> x <= y ). + { intros [xn limx] [yn limy] [cvmod H] [n abs]. simpl in abs, H. + pose (xn (Pos.to_nat n) - yn (Pos.to_nat n) - (2#n)) as eps. + destruct (Qarchimedean (/eps)) as [k maj]. + remember (max (cvmod k) (Pos.to_nat n)) as p. + assert (le (cvmod k) p). + { rewrite Heqp. apply Nat.le_max_l. } + assert (Pos.to_nat n <= p)%nat. + { rewrite Heqp. apply Nat.le_max_r. } + specialize (H k p p H0 H0). + setoid_replace (Z.pos k #1)%Q with (/ (1#k)) in maj. 2: reflexivity. + apply Qinv_lt_contravar in maj. 2: reflexivity. unfold eps in maj. + clear abs. (* less precise majoration *) + apply (Qplus_lt_r _ _ (2#n)) in maj. ring_simplify in maj. + apply (Qlt_not_le _ _ maj). clear maj. + setoid_replace (xn (Pos.to_nat n) + -1 * yn (Pos.to_nat n)) + with (xn (Pos.to_nat n) - xn p + (xn p - yn p + (yn p - yn (Pos.to_nat n)))). + 2: ring. + setoid_replace (2 # n)%Q with ((1 # n) + (1#n)). + rewrite <- Qplus_assoc. + apply Qplus_le_compat. apply (Qle_trans _ _ _ (Qle_Qabs _)). + apply Qlt_le_weak. apply limx. apply le_refl. assumption. + rewrite (Qplus_comm (1#n)). + apply Qplus_le_compat. apply (Qle_trans _ _ _ (Qle_Qabs _)). + apply Qlt_le_weak. exact H. + apply (Qle_trans _ _ _ (Qle_Qabs _)). apply Qlt_le_weak. apply limy. + assumption. apply le_refl. ring_simplify. reflexivity. + unfold eps. unfold Qminus. rewrite <- Qlt_minus_iff. exact abs. } + split. + - rewrite <- CRealEq_diff. intros. split. + apply H, QSeqEquivEx_sym. exact H0. apply H. exact H0. + - clear H. intros. destruct x as [xn limx], y as [yn limy]. + exists (fun q => Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * q))). intros k p q H0 H1. + unfold proj1_sig. specialize (H (2 * (3 * k))%positive). + assert ((Pos.to_nat (3 * k) <= Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))%nat). + { generalize (3 * k)%positive. intros. rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_mul. + rewrite <- (mult_1_l (Pos.to_nat p0)). apply Nat.mul_le_mono_nonneg. + auto. unfold Pos.to_nat. simpl. auto. + apply (le_trans 0 1). auto. apply Pos2Nat.is_pos. rewrite mult_1_l. + apply le_refl. } + setoid_replace (xn p - yn q) + with (xn p - xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) + + (xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) + + (yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn q))). + setoid_replace (1 # k)%Q with ((1 # 3 * k) + ((1 # 3 * k) + (1 # 3 * k))). + apply (Qle_lt_trans + _ (Qabs (xn p - xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))) + + (Qabs (xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) + + (yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn q))))). + apply Qabs_triangle. apply Qplus_lt_le_compat. + apply limx. apply (le_trans _ (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))). assumption. assumption. + assumption. + apply (Qle_trans + _ (Qabs (xn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))) + + Qabs (yn (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k))) - yn q))). + apply Qabs_triangle. apply Qplus_le_compat. + setoid_replace (1 # 3 * k)%Q with (2 # 2 * (3 * k))%Q. apply H. + rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 3). rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 2). rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 3). + rewrite Qmult_assoc. rewrite (Qmult_comm (1#2)). + rewrite <- Qmult_assoc. apply Qmult_comp. reflexivity. + unfold Qeq. reflexivity. + apply Qle_lteq. left. apply limy. assumption. + apply (le_trans _ (Pos.to_nat (2 * (3 * k)))). assumption. assumption. + rewrite (factorDenom _ _ 3). ring_simplify. reflexivity. field. +Qed. + (* Extend separation to all indices above *) Lemma CRealLt_aboveSig : forall (x y : CReal) (n : positive), (Qlt (2 # n) @@ -520,8 +469,8 @@ Qed. Lemma CRealLt_above : forall (x y : CReal), CRealLt x y - -> exists k : positive, forall p:positive, - Pos.le k p -> Qlt (2 # k) (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat p) - proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat p)). + -> { k : positive | forall p:positive, + Pos.le k p -> Qlt (2 # k) (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat p) - proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat p)) }. Proof. intros x y [n maj]. pose proof (CRealLt_aboveSig x y n maj). @@ -565,20 +514,15 @@ Proof. intros x y H [n q]. apply CRealLt_above in H. destruct H as [p H]. pose proof (CRealLt_above_same y x n q). - destruct (PosLt_le_total n p). - - apply (Qlt_not_le (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat p)) (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat p))). - apply H0. unfold Pos.le. unfold Pos.lt in H1. rewrite H1. discriminate. - apply Qlt_le_weak. apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ (-proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat p))). - rewrite Qplus_opp_r. apply (Qlt_trans _ (2#p)). - unfold Qlt. simpl. unfold Z.lt. auto. apply H. apply Pos.le_refl. - - apply (Qlt_not_le (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n)) (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n))). - apply H0. apply Pos.le_refl. apply Qlt_le_weak. - apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ (-proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n))). - rewrite Qplus_opp_r. apply (Qlt_trans _ (2#p)). - unfold Qlt. simpl. unfold Z.lt. auto. apply H. assumption. + apply (Qlt_not_le (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n p))) + (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n p)))). + apply H0. apply Pos.le_max_l. + apply Qlt_le_weak. apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ (-proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n p)))). + rewrite Qplus_opp_r. apply (Qlt_trans _ (2#p)). + unfold Qlt. simpl. unfold Z.lt. auto. apply H. apply Pos.le_max_r. Qed. -Lemma CRealLt_irrefl : forall x:CReal, ~(x < x). +Lemma CRealLt_irrefl : forall x:CReal, x < x -> False. Proof. intros x abs. exact (CRealLt_asym x x abs abs). Qed. @@ -600,10 +544,10 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma CRealLt_dec : forall x y z : CReal, - CRealLt x y -> { CRealLt x z } + { CRealLt z y }. + CRealLt x y -> CRealLt x z + CRealLt z y. Proof. intros [xn limx] [yn limy] [zn limz] clt. - destruct (CRealLtEpsilon _ _ clt) as [n inf]. + destruct clt as [n inf]. unfold proj1_sig in inf. remember (yn (Pos.to_nat n) - xn (Pos.to_nat n) - (2 # n)) as eps. assert (Qlt 0 eps) as epsPos. @@ -656,9 +600,10 @@ Proof. rewrite <- Qplus_assoc. rewrite <- Qplus_0_l. rewrite <- (Qplus_opp_r (1#n)). rewrite (Qplus_comm (1#n)). rewrite <- Qplus_assoc. apply Qplus_lt_le_compat. - + apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ (1#n)). rewrite Qplus_opp_r. - apply (Qplus_lt_r _ _ (yn (Pos.to_nat n) - yn (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n (4 * k))))). - ring_simplify. rewrite Qmult_minus_one. + + apply (Qplus_lt_r _ _ (yn (Pos.to_nat n) - yn (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n (4 * k))) + (1#n))) + ; ring_simplify. + setoid_replace (-1 * yn (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n (4 * k)))) + with (- yn (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n (4 * k)))). 2: ring. apply (Qle_lt_trans _ (Qabs (yn (Pos.to_nat n) - yn (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max n (4 * k)))))). apply Qle_Qabs. apply limy. apply le_refl. apply H. @@ -680,7 +625,7 @@ Proof. apply Qinv_lt_contravar. reflexivity. apply epsPos. apply kmaj. unfold Qeq. simpl. rewrite Pos.mul_1_r. reflexivity. field. assumption. -Qed. +Defined. Definition linear_order_T x y z := CRealLt_dec x z y. @@ -692,13 +637,19 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma CRealLt_Le_trans : forall x y z : CReal, - CRealLt x y - -> CRealLe y z -> CRealLt x z. + x < y -> y <= z -> x < z. Proof. intros. destruct (linear_order_T x z y H). apply c. contradiction. Qed. +Lemma CRealLe_trans : forall x y z : CReal, + x <= y -> y <= z -> x <= z. +Proof. + intros. intro abs. apply H0. + apply (CRealLt_Le_trans _ x); assumption. +Qed. + Lemma CRealLt_trans : forall x y z : CReal, x < y -> y < z -> x < z. Proof. @@ -720,11 +671,16 @@ Add Parametric Relation : CReal CRealEq transitivity proved by CRealEq_trans as CRealEq_rel. -Add Parametric Morphism : CRealLt - with signature CRealEq ==> CRealEq ==> iff - as CRealLt_morph. +Instance CRealEq_relT : CRelationClasses.Equivalence CRealEq. +Proof. + split. exact CRealEq_refl. exact CRealEq_sym. exact CRealEq_trans. +Qed. + +Instance CRealLt_morph + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq CRelationClasses.iffT)) CRealLt. Proof. - intros. destruct H, H0. split. + intros x y H x0 y0 H0. destruct H, H0. split. - intro. destruct (CRealLt_dec x x0 y). assumption. contradiction. destruct (CRealLt_dec y x0 y0). assumption. assumption. contradiction. @@ -733,22 +689,22 @@ Proof. assumption. assumption. contradiction. Qed. -Add Parametric Morphism : CRealGt - with signature CRealEq ==> CRealEq ==> iff - as CRealGt_morph. +Instance CRealGt_morph + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq CRelationClasses.iffT)) CRealGt. Proof. - intros. unfold CRealGt. apply CRealLt_morph; assumption. + intros x y H x0 y0 H0. apply CRealLt_morph; assumption. Qed. -Add Parametric Morphism : CReal_appart - with signature CRealEq ==> CRealEq ==> iff - as CReal_appart_morph. +Instance CReal_appart_morph + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq CRelationClasses.iffT)) CReal_appart. Proof. split. - - intros. destruct H1. left. rewrite <- H0, <- H. exact H1. - right. rewrite <- H0, <- H. exact H1. - - intros. destruct H1. left. rewrite H0, H. exact H1. - right. rewrite H0, H. exact H1. + - intros. destruct H1. left. rewrite <- H0, <- H. exact c. + right. rewrite <- H0, <- H. exact c. + - intros. destruct H1. left. rewrite H0, H. exact c. + right. rewrite H0, H. exact c. Qed. Add Parametric Morphism : CRealLe @@ -818,8 +774,8 @@ Proof. intro q. exists (fun n => q). apply ConstCauchy. Defined. -Notation "0" := (inject_Q 0) : R_scope_constr. -Notation "1" := (inject_Q 1) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "0" := (inject_Q 0) : CReal_scope. +Notation "1" := (inject_Q 1) : CReal_scope. Lemma CRealLt_0_1 : CRealLt (inject_Q 0) (inject_Q 1). Proof. @@ -948,7 +904,13 @@ Proof. apply le_0_n. apply H1. apply le_refl. Defined. -Infix "+" := CReal_plus : R_scope_constr. +Infix "+" := CReal_plus : CReal_scope. + +Lemma CReal_plus_nth : forall (x y : CReal) (n : nat), + proj1_sig (x + y) n = Qplus (proj1_sig x (2*n)%nat) (proj1_sig y (2*n)%nat). +Proof. + intros. destruct x,y; reflexivity. +Qed. Lemma CReal_plus_unfold : forall (x y : CReal), QSeqEquiv (proj1_sig (CReal_plus x y)) @@ -981,15 +943,15 @@ Proof. destruct x as [xn limx]. exists (fun n : nat => - xn n). intros k p q H H0. unfold Qminus. rewrite Qopp_involutive. - rewrite Qsub_comm. apply limx; assumption. + rewrite Qplus_comm. apply limx; assumption. Defined. -Notation "- x" := (CReal_opp x) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "- x" := (CReal_opp x) : CReal_scope. Definition CReal_minus (x y : CReal) : CReal := CReal_plus x (CReal_opp y). -Infix "-" := CReal_minus : R_scope_constr. +Infix "-" := CReal_minus : CReal_scope. Lemma belowMultiple : forall n p : nat, lt 0 p -> le n (p * n). Proof. @@ -1060,6 +1022,12 @@ Proof. apply H. Qed. +Lemma CReal_plus_0_r : forall r : CReal, + r + 0 == r. +Proof. + intro r. rewrite CReal_plus_comm. apply CReal_plus_0_l. +Qed. + Lemma CReal_plus_lt_compat_l : forall x y z : CReal, CRealLt y z @@ -1080,9 +1048,7 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma CReal_plus_lt_reg_l : - forall x y z : CReal, - CRealLt (CReal_plus x y) (CReal_plus x z) - -> CRealLt y z. + forall x y z : CReal, x + y < x + z -> y < z. Proof. intros. destruct H as [n maj]. exists (2*n)%positive. setoid_replace (proj1_sig z (Pos.to_nat (2 * n)) - proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat (2 * n)))%Q @@ -1095,6 +1061,27 @@ Proof. simpl; ring. Qed. +Lemma CReal_plus_lt_reg_r : + forall x y z : CReal, y + x < z + x -> y < z. +Proof. + intros x y z H. rewrite (CReal_plus_comm y), (CReal_plus_comm z) in H. + apply CReal_plus_lt_reg_l in H. exact H. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_plus_le_compat_l : forall r r1 r2, r1 <= r2 -> r + r1 <= r + r2. +Proof. + intros. intro abs. apply CReal_plus_lt_reg_l in abs. contradiction. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_plus_le_lt_compat : + forall r1 r2 r3 r4 : CReal, r1 <= r2 -> r3 < r4 -> r1 + r3 < r2 + r4. +Proof. + intros; apply CRealLe_Lt_trans with (r2 + r3). + intro abs. rewrite CReal_plus_comm, (CReal_plus_comm r1) in abs. + apply CReal_plus_lt_reg_l in abs. contradiction. + apply CReal_plus_lt_compat_l; exact H0. +Qed. + Lemma CReal_plus_opp_r : forall x : CReal, x + - x == 0. Proof. @@ -1105,6 +1092,12 @@ Proof. unfold Qle. simpl. unfold Z.le. intro absurd. inversion absurd. field. Qed. +Lemma CReal_plus_opp_l : forall x : CReal, + - x + x == 0. +Proof. + intro x. rewrite CReal_plus_comm. apply CReal_plus_opp_r. +Qed. + Lemma CReal_plus_proper_r : forall x y z : CReal, CRealEq x y -> CRealEq (CReal_plus x z) (CReal_plus y z). Proof. @@ -1135,6 +1128,17 @@ Proof. - apply CReal_plus_proper_r. apply H. Qed. +Instance CReal_plus_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq CRealEq)) CReal_plus. +Proof. + intros x y H z t H0. apply (CRealEq_trans _ (CReal_plus x t)). + - destruct H0. + split. intro abs. apply CReal_plus_lt_reg_l in abs. contradiction. + intro abs. apply CReal_plus_lt_reg_l in abs. contradiction. + - apply CReal_plus_proper_r. apply H. +Qed. + Lemma CReal_plus_eq_reg_l : forall (r r1 r2 : CReal), CRealEq (CReal_plus r r1) (CReal_plus r r2) -> CRealEq r1 r2. @@ -1144,7 +1148,7 @@ Proof. - intro abs. apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l r) in abs. contradiction. Qed. -Fixpoint BoundFromZero (qn : nat -> Q) (k : nat) (A : positive) {struct k} +Fixpoint BoundFromZero (qn : nat -> Q) (k : nat) (A : positive) { struct k } : (forall n:nat, le k n -> Qlt (Qabs (qn n)) (Z.pos A # 1)) -> { B : positive | forall n:nat, Qlt (Qabs (qn n)) (Z.pos B # 1) }. Proof. @@ -1291,7 +1295,7 @@ Proof. apply H; apply linear_max; assumption. Defined. -Infix "*" := CReal_mult : R_scope_constr. +Infix "*" := CReal_mult : CReal_scope. Lemma CReal_mult_unfold : forall x y : CReal, QSeqEquivEx (proj1_sig (CReal_mult x y)) @@ -1451,7 +1455,7 @@ Lemma CReal_mult_lt_0_compat : forall x y : CReal, -> CRealLt (inject_Q 0) y -> CRealLt (inject_Q 0) (CReal_mult x y). Proof. - intros. destruct H, H0. + intros. destruct H as [x0 H], H0 as [x1 H0]. pose proof (CRealLt_aboveSig (inject_Q 0) x x0 H). pose proof (CRealLt_aboveSig (inject_Q 0) y x1 H0). destruct x as [xn limx], y as [yn limy]. @@ -1492,8 +1496,7 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma CReal_mult_plus_distr_l : forall r1 r2 r3 : CReal, - CRealEq (CReal_mult r1 (CReal_plus r2 r3)) - (CReal_plus (CReal_mult r1 r2) (CReal_mult r1 r3)). + r1 * (r2 + r3) == (r1 * r2) + (r1 * r3). Proof. intros x y z. apply CRealEq_diff. apply CRealEq_modindep. apply (QSeqEquivEx_trans _ (fun n => proj1_sig x n @@ -1613,6 +1616,15 @@ Proof. + rewrite Qinv_plus_distr. unfold Qeq. reflexivity. Qed. +Lemma CReal_mult_plus_distr_r : forall r1 r2 r3 : CReal, + (r2 + r3) * r1 == (r2 * r1) + (r3 * r1). +Proof. + intros. + rewrite CReal_mult_comm, CReal_mult_plus_distr_l, + <- (CReal_mult_comm r1), <- (CReal_mult_comm r1). + reflexivity. +Qed. + Lemma CReal_mult_1_l : forall r: CReal, 1 * r == r. Proof. intros [rn limr]. split. @@ -1692,6 +1704,13 @@ Proof. apply CReal_isRingExt. Qed. +Instance CReal_mult_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq CRealEq)) CReal_mult. +Proof. + apply CReal_isRingExt. +Qed. + Add Parametric Morphism : CReal_opp with signature CRealEq ==> CRealEq as CReal_opp_morph. @@ -1699,6 +1718,13 @@ Proof. apply (Ropp_ext CReal_isRingExt). Qed. +Instance CReal_opp_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq CRealEq) CReal_opp. +Proof. + apply CReal_isRingExt. +Qed. + Add Parametric Morphism : CReal_minus with signature CRealEq ==> CRealEq ==> CRealEq as CReal_minus_morph. @@ -1706,14 +1732,50 @@ Proof. intros. unfold CReal_minus. rewrite H,H0. reflexivity. Qed. +Instance CReal_minus_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq (CMorphisms.respectful CRealEq CRealEq)) CReal_minus. +Proof. + intros x y exy z t ezt. unfold CReal_minus. rewrite exy,ezt. reflexivity. +Qed. + Add Ring CRealRing : CReal_isRing. +Lemma CReal_opp_0 : -0 == 0. +Proof. + ring. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_opp_plus_distr : forall r1 r2, - (r1 + r2) == - r1 + - r2. +Proof. + intros; ring. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_opp_involutive : forall x:CReal, --x == x. +Proof. + intro x. ring. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_opp_gt_lt_contravar : forall r1 r2, r1 > r2 -> - r1 < - r2. +Proof. + unfold CRealGt; intros. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (r2 + r1)). + setoid_replace (r2 + r1 + - r1) with r2 by ring. + setoid_replace (r2 + r1 + - r2) with r1 by ring. + exact H. +Qed. + (**********) Lemma CReal_mult_0_l : forall r, 0 * r == 0. Proof. intro; ring. Qed. +Lemma CReal_mult_0_r : forall r, r * 0 == 0. +Proof. + intro; ring. +Qed. + (**********) Lemma CReal_mult_1_r : forall r, r * 1 == r. Proof. @@ -1728,9 +1790,7 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma CReal_mult_lt_compat_l : forall x y z : CReal, - CRealLt (inject_Q 0) x - -> CRealLt y z - -> CRealLt (CReal_mult x y) (CReal_mult x z). + 0 < x -> y < z -> x*y < x*z. Proof. intros. apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (CReal_opp (CReal_mult x y))). @@ -1744,6 +1804,13 @@ Proof. rewrite <- CReal_plus_assoc, H1, CReal_plus_0_l. exact H0. Qed. +Lemma CReal_mult_lt_compat_r : forall x y z : CReal, + 0 < x -> y < z -> y*x < z*x. +Proof. + intros. rewrite <- (CReal_mult_comm x), <- (CReal_mult_comm x). + apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l x); assumption. +Qed. + Lemma CReal_mult_eq_reg_l : forall (r r1 r2 : CReal), r # 0 -> CRealEq (CReal_mult r r1) (CReal_mult r r2) @@ -1753,15 +1820,15 @@ Proof. - intro abs. apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l (-r)) in abs. rewrite <- CReal_opp_mult_distr_l, <- CReal_opp_mult_distr_l, H0 in abs. exact (CRealLt_irrefl _ abs). apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l r). - rewrite CReal_plus_opp_r, CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_0_l. exact H. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_r, CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_0_l. exact c. - intro abs. apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l (-r)) in abs. rewrite <- CReal_opp_mult_distr_l, <- CReal_opp_mult_distr_l, H0 in abs. exact (CRealLt_irrefl _ abs). apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l r). - rewrite CReal_plus_opp_r, CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_0_l. exact H. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_r, CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_0_l. exact c. - intro abs. apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l r) in abs. rewrite H0 in abs. - exact (CRealLt_irrefl _ abs). exact H. + exact (CRealLt_irrefl _ abs). exact c. - intro abs. apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l r) in abs. rewrite H0 in abs. - exact (CRealLt_irrefl _ abs). exact H. + exact (CRealLt_irrefl _ abs). exact c. Qed. @@ -1783,8 +1850,8 @@ Arguments INR n%nat. Fixpoint IPR_2 (p:positive) : CReal := match p with | xH => 1 + 1 - | xO p => (1 + 1) * IPR_2 p - | xI p => (1 + 1) * (1 + IPR_2 p) + | xO p => IPR_2 p + IPR_2 p + | xI p => (1 + IPR_2 p) + (1 + IPR_2 p) end. Definition IPR (p:positive) : CReal := @@ -1804,7 +1871,7 @@ Definition IZR (z:Z) : CReal := end. Arguments IZR z%Z : simpl never. -Notation "2" := (IZR 2) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "2" := (IZR 2) : CReal_scope. (**********) Lemma S_INR : forall n:nat, INR (S n) == INR n + 1. @@ -1812,15 +1879,24 @@ Proof. intro; destruct n. rewrite CReal_plus_0_l. reflexivity. reflexivity. Qed. +Lemma le_succ_r_T : forall n m : nat, (n <= S m)%nat -> {(n <= m)%nat} + {n = S m}. +Proof. + intros. destruct (le_lt_dec n m). left. exact l. + right. apply Nat.le_succ_r in H. destruct H. + exfalso. apply (le_not_lt n m); assumption. exact H. +Qed. + Lemma lt_INR : forall n m:nat, (n < m)%nat -> INR n < INR m. Proof. induction m. - - intros. inversion H. + - intros. exfalso. inversion H. - intros. unfold lt in H. apply le_S_n in H. destruct m. - inversion H. apply CRealLt_0_1. apply Nat.le_succ_r in H. destruct H. + assert (n = 0)%nat. + { inversion H. reflexivity. } + subst n. apply CRealLt_0_1. apply le_succ_r_T in H. destruct H. rewrite S_INR. apply (CRealLt_trans _ (INR (S m) + 0)). rewrite CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_0_l. apply IHm. - apply le_n_S. exact H. + apply le_n_S. exact l. apply CReal_plus_lt_compat_l. exact CRealLt_0_1. subst n. rewrite (S_INR (S m)). rewrite <- (CReal_plus_0_l). rewrite (CReal_plus_comm 0), CReal_plus_assoc. @@ -1866,29 +1942,73 @@ Proof. Qed. (**********) -Lemma IZN : forall n:Z, (0 <= n)%Z -> exists m : nat, n = Z.of_nat m. +Lemma IZN : forall n:Z, (0 <= n)%Z -> { m : nat | n = Z.of_nat m }. Proof. - intros z; idtac; apply Z_of_nat_complete; assumption. + intros. exists (Z.to_nat n). rewrite Z2Nat.id. reflexivity. assumption. Qed. Lemma INR_IPR : forall p, INR (Pos.to_nat p) == IPR p. Proof. - assert (H: forall p, 2 * INR (Pos.to_nat p) == IPR_2 p). + assert (H: forall p, INR (Pos.to_nat p) + INR (Pos.to_nat p) == IPR_2 p). { induction p as [p|p|]. - unfold IPR_2; rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xI, S_INR, mult_INR, <- IHp. - rewrite CReal_plus_comm. reflexivity. - - unfold IPR_2; now rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xO, mult_INR, <- IHp. - - apply CReal_mult_1_r. } + setoid_replace (INR 2) with (1 + 1). 2: reflexivity. ring. + - unfold IPR_2; rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xO, mult_INR, <- IHp. + setoid_replace (INR 2) with (1 + 1). 2: reflexivity. ring. + - reflexivity. } intros [p|p|] ; unfold IPR. rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xI, S_INR, mult_INR, <- H. - apply CReal_plus_comm. - now rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xO, mult_INR, <- H. + setoid_replace (INR 2) with (1 + 1). 2: reflexivity. ring. + rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xO, mult_INR, <- H. + setoid_replace (INR 2) with (1 + 1). 2: reflexivity. ring. easy. Qed. +(* This is stronger than Req to injectQ, because it + concerns all the rational sequence, not only its limit. *) +Lemma FinjectP2_CReal : forall (p:positive) (k:nat), + (proj1_sig (IPR_2 p) k == Z.pos p~0 # 1)%Q. +Proof. + induction p. + - intros. replace (IPR_2 p~1) with (1 + IPR_2 p + (1+ IPR_2 p)). + 2: reflexivity. do 2 rewrite CReal_plus_nth. rewrite IHp. + simpl. rewrite Pos2Z.inj_xO, (Pos2Z.inj_xO (p~1)), Pos2Z.inj_xI. + generalize (2*Z.pos p)%Z. intro z. + do 2 rewrite Qinv_plus_distr. apply f_equal2. + 2: reflexivity. unfold Qnum. ring. + - intros. replace (IPR_2 p~0) with (IPR_2 p + IPR_2 p). + 2: reflexivity. rewrite CReal_plus_nth, IHp. + rewrite Qinv_plus_distr. apply f_equal2. 2: reflexivity. + unfold Qnum. rewrite (Pos2Z.inj_xO (p~0)). ring. + - intros. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma FinjectP_CReal : forall (p:positive) (k:nat), + (proj1_sig (IPR p) k == Z.pos p # 1)%Q. +Proof. + destruct p. + - intros. unfold IPR. + rewrite CReal_plus_nth, FinjectP2_CReal. unfold Qeq; simpl. + rewrite Pos.mul_1_r. reflexivity. + - intros. unfold IPR. rewrite FinjectP2_CReal. reflexivity. + - intros. reflexivity. +Qed. + +(* Inside this Cauchy real implementation, we can give + an instantaneous witness of this inequality, because + we know a priori that it will work. *) Lemma IPR_pos : forall p:positive, 0 < IPR p. Proof. - intro p. rewrite <- INR_IPR. apply (lt_INR 0), Pos2Nat.is_pos. + intro p. exists 3%positive. simpl. + rewrite FinjectP_CReal. apply (Qlt_le_trans _ 1). reflexivity. + unfold Qle; simpl. + rewrite <- (Zpos_max_1 (p*1*1)). apply Z.le_max_l. +Defined. + +Lemma IPR_double : forall p:positive, IPR (2*p) == 2 * IPR p. +Proof. + intro p. + destruct p; rewrite (CReal_mult_plus_distr_r _ 1 1), CReal_mult_1_l; reflexivity. Qed. (**********) @@ -1939,6 +2059,77 @@ Proof. ring. Qed. +Lemma mult_IPR : forall n m:positive, IPR (n * m) == IPR n * IPR m. +Proof. + intros. repeat rewrite <- INR_IPR. + rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_mul. apply mult_INR. +Qed. + +Lemma mult_IZR : forall n m:Z, IZR (n * m) == IZR n * IZR m. +Proof. + intros n m. destruct n. + - rewrite CReal_mult_0_l. rewrite Z.mul_0_l. reflexivity. + - destruct m. rewrite Z.mul_0_r, CReal_mult_0_r. reflexivity. + simpl; unfold IZR. apply mult_IPR. + simpl. unfold IZR. rewrite mult_IPR. ring. + - destruct m. rewrite Z.mul_0_r, CReal_mult_0_r. reflexivity. + simpl. unfold IZR. rewrite mult_IPR. ring. + simpl. unfold IZR. rewrite mult_IPR. ring. +Qed. + +Lemma opp_IZR : forall n:Z, IZR (- n) == - IZR n. +Proof. + intros [|z|z]; unfold IZR. rewrite CReal_opp_0. reflexivity. + reflexivity. rewrite CReal_opp_involutive. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma minus_IZR : forall n m:Z, IZR (n - m) == IZR n - IZR m. +Proof. + intros; unfold Z.sub, CReal_minus. + rewrite <- opp_IZR. + apply plus_IZR. +Qed. + +Lemma IZR_lt : forall n m:Z, (n < m)%Z -> IZR n < IZR m. +Proof. + assert (forall n:Z, Z.lt 0 n -> 0 < IZR n) as posCase. + { intros. destruct (IZN n). apply Z.lt_le_incl. apply H. + subst n. rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. apply (lt_INR 0). + apply Nat2Z.inj_lt. apply H. } + intros. apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r (-(IZR n))). + pose proof minus_IZR. unfold CReal_minus in H0. + repeat rewrite <- H0. unfold Zminus. + rewrite Z.add_opp_diag_r. apply posCase. + rewrite (Z.add_lt_mono_l _ _ n). ring_simplify. apply H. +Qed. + +Lemma Z_R_minus : forall n m:Z, IZR n - IZR m == IZR (n - m). +Proof. + intros z1 z2; unfold CReal_minus; unfold Z.sub. + rewrite plus_IZR, opp_IZR. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma lt_0_IZR : forall n:Z, 0 < IZR n -> (0 < n)%Z. +Proof. + intro z; case z; simpl; intros. + elim (CRealLt_irrefl _ H). + easy. exfalso. + apply (CRealLt_asym 0 (IZR (Z.neg p))). exact H. + apply (IZR_lt (Z.neg p) 0). reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma lt_IZR : forall n m:Z, IZR n < IZR m -> (n < m)%Z. +Proof. + intros z1 z2 H; apply Z.lt_0_sub. + apply lt_0_IZR. + rewrite <- Z_R_minus. apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (IZR z1)). + ring_simplify. exact H. +Qed. + +Lemma IZR_le : forall n m:Z, (n <= m)%Z -> IZR n <= IZR m. +Proof. + intros m n H. intro abs. apply (lt_IZR n m) in abs. omega. +Qed. Lemma CReal_iterate_one : forall (n : nat), IZR (Z.of_nat n) == inject_Q (Z.of_nat n # 1). @@ -1975,7 +2166,7 @@ Qed. (* Axiom Rarchimed_constr *) Lemma Rarchimedean : forall x:CReal, - { n:Z | x < IZR n /\ IZR n < x+2 }. + { n:Z & x < IZR n < x+2 }. Proof. (* Locate x within 1/4 and pick the first integer above this interval. *) intros [xn limx]. @@ -2018,7 +2209,7 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma CRealLtDisjunctEpsilon : forall a b c d : CReal, - (CRealLt a b \/ CRealLt c d) -> { CRealLt a b } + { CRealLt c d }. + (CRealLtProp a b \/ CRealLtProp c d) -> CRealLt a b + CRealLt c d. Proof. intros. assert (exists n : nat, n <> O /\ @@ -2100,7 +2291,7 @@ Definition CRealNegShift (x : CReal) -> { y : prod positive CReal | CRealEq x (snd y) /\ forall n:nat, Qlt (proj1_sig (snd y) n) (-1 # fst y) }. Proof. - intro xNeg. apply CRealLtEpsilon in xNeg. + intro xNeg. pose proof (CRealLt_aboveSig x (inject_Q 0)). pose proof (CRealShiftReal x). pose proof (CRealShiftEqual x). @@ -2137,7 +2328,7 @@ Definition CRealPosShift (x : CReal) -> { y : prod positive CReal | CRealEq x (snd y) /\ forall n:nat, Qlt (1 # fst y) (proj1_sig (snd y) n) }. Proof. - intro xPos. apply CRealLtEpsilon in xPos. + intro xPos. pose proof (CRealLt_aboveSig (inject_Q 0) x). pose proof (CRealShiftReal x). pose proof (CRealShiftEqual x). @@ -2318,7 +2509,7 @@ Qed. Definition CReal_inv (x : CReal) (xnz : x # 0) : CReal. Proof. - apply CRealLtDisjunctEpsilon in xnz. destruct xnz as [xNeg | xPos]. + destruct xnz as [xNeg | xPos]. - destruct (CRealNegShift x xNeg) as [[k y] [_ maj]]. destruct y as [yn cau]; unfold proj1_sig, snd, fst in maj. exists (fun n => Qinv (yn (mult (Pos.to_nat k^2) n))). @@ -2329,17 +2520,17 @@ Proof. apply (CReal_inv_pos yn). apply cau. apply maj. Defined. -Notation "/ x" := (CReal_inv x) (at level 35, right associativity) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "/ x" := (CReal_inv x) (at level 35, right associativity) : CReal_scope. Lemma CReal_inv_0_lt_compat : forall (r : CReal) (rnz : r # 0), 0 < r -> 0 < ((/ r) rnz). Proof. intros. unfold CReal_inv. simpl. - destruct (CRealLtDisjunctEpsilon r (inject_Q 0) (inject_Q 0) r rnz). + destruct rnz. - exfalso. apply CRealLt_asym in H. contradiction. - destruct (CRealPosShift r c) as [[k rpos] [req maj]]. - clear req. clear rnz. destruct rpos as [rn cau]; simpl in maj. + clear req. destruct rpos as [rn cau]; simpl in maj. unfold CRealLt; simpl. destruct (Qarchimedean (rn 1%nat)) as [A majA]. exists (2 * (A + 1))%positive. unfold Qminus. rewrite Qplus_0_r. @@ -2393,7 +2584,7 @@ Lemma CReal_inv_l : forall (r:CReal) (rnz : r # 0), ((/ r) rnz) * r == 1. Proof. intros. unfold CReal_inv; simpl. - destruct (CRealLtDisjunctEpsilon r (inject_Q 0) (inject_Q 0) r rnz). + destruct rnz. - (* r < 0 *) destruct (CRealNegShift r c) as [[k rneg] [req maj]]. simpl in req. apply CRealEq_diff. apply CRealEq_modindep. apply (QSeqEquivEx_trans _ @@ -2478,6 +2669,72 @@ Proof. simpl in maj. rewrite abs in maj. inversion maj. Qed. +Lemma CReal_inv_r : forall (r:CReal) (rnz : r # 0), + r * ((/ r) rnz) == 1. +Proof. + intros. rewrite CReal_mult_comm, CReal_inv_l. + reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_inv_1 : forall nz : 1 # 0, (/ 1) nz == 1. +Proof. + intros. rewrite <- (CReal_mult_1_l ((/1) nz)). rewrite CReal_inv_r. + reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_inv_mult_distr : + forall r1 r2 (r1nz : r1 # 0) (r2nz : r2 # 0) (rmnz : (r1*r2) # 0), + (/ (r1 * r2)) rmnz == (/ r1) r1nz * (/ r2) r2nz. +Proof. + intros. apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l r1). exact r1nz. + rewrite <- CReal_mult_assoc. rewrite CReal_inv_r. rewrite CReal_mult_1_l. + apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l r2). exact r2nz. + rewrite CReal_inv_r. rewrite <- CReal_mult_assoc. + rewrite (CReal_mult_comm r2 r1). rewrite CReal_inv_r. + reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma Rinv_eq_compat : forall x y (rxnz : x # 0) (rynz : y # 0), + x == y + -> (/ x) rxnz == (/ y) rynz. +Proof. + intros. apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l x). exact rxnz. + rewrite CReal_inv_r, H, CReal_inv_r. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_mult_lt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, 0 < r -> r * r1 < r * r2 -> r1 < r2. +Proof. + intros z x y H H0. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l ((/z) (inr H))) in H0. + repeat rewrite <- CReal_mult_assoc in H0. rewrite CReal_inv_l in H0. + repeat rewrite CReal_mult_1_l in H0. apply H0. + apply CReal_inv_0_lt_compat. exact H. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_mult_lt_reg_r : forall r r1 r2, 0 < r -> r1 * r < r2 * r -> r1 < r2. +Proof. + intros. + apply CReal_mult_lt_reg_l with r. + exact H. + now rewrite 2!(CReal_mult_comm r). +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_mult_eq_reg_r : forall r r1 r2, r1 * r == r2 * r -> r # 0 -> r1 == r2. +Proof. + intros. apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l r). exact H0. + now rewrite 2!(CReal_mult_comm r). +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_mult_eq_compat_l : forall r r1 r2, r1 == r2 -> r * r1 == r * r2. +Proof. + intros. rewrite H. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_mult_eq_compat_r : forall r r1 r2, r1 == r2 -> r1 * r == r2 * r. +Proof. + intros. rewrite H. reflexivity. +Qed. + Fixpoint pow (r:CReal) (n:nat) : CReal := match n with | O => 1 @@ -2488,12 +2745,136 @@ Fixpoint pow (r:CReal) (n:nat) : CReal := (**********) Definition IQR (q:Q) : CReal := match q with - | Qmake a b => IZR a * (CReal_inv (IPR b)) (or_intror (IPR_pos b)) + | Qmake a b => IZR a * (CReal_inv (IPR b)) (inr (IPR_pos b)) end. Arguments IQR q%Q : simpl never. +Lemma mult_IPR_IZR : forall (n:positive) (m:Z), IZR (Z.pos n * m) == IPR n * IZR m. +Proof. + intros. rewrite mult_IZR. apply CReal_mult_eq_compat_r. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma plus_IQR : forall n m:Q, IQR (n + m) == IQR n + IQR m. +Proof. + intros. destruct n,m; unfold Qplus,IQR; simpl. + rewrite plus_IZR. repeat rewrite mult_IZR. + setoid_replace ((/ IPR (Qden * Qden0)) (inr (IPR_pos (Qden * Qden0)))) + with ((/ IPR Qden) (inr (IPR_pos Qden)) + * (/ IPR Qden0) (inr (IPR_pos Qden0))). + rewrite CReal_mult_plus_distr_r. + repeat rewrite CReal_mult_assoc. rewrite <- (CReal_mult_assoc (IZR (Z.pos Qden))). + rewrite CReal_inv_r, CReal_mult_1_l. + rewrite (CReal_mult_comm ((/IPR Qden) (inr (IPR_pos Qden)))). + rewrite <- (CReal_mult_assoc (IZR (Z.pos Qden0))). + rewrite CReal_inv_r, CReal_mult_1_l. reflexivity. unfold IZR. + rewrite <- (CReal_inv_mult_distr + _ _ _ _ (inr (CReal_mult_lt_0_compat _ _ (IPR_pos _) (IPR_pos _)))). + apply Rinv_eq_compat. apply mult_IPR. +Qed. + +Lemma IQR_pos : forall q:Q, Qlt 0 q -> 0 < IQR q. +Proof. + intros. destruct q; unfold IQR. + apply CReal_mult_lt_0_compat. apply (IZR_lt 0). + unfold Qlt in H; simpl in H. + rewrite Z.mul_1_r in H. apply H. + apply CReal_inv_0_lt_compat. apply IPR_pos. +Qed. + +Lemma opp_IQR : forall q:Q, IQR (- q) == - IQR q. +Proof. + intros [a b]; unfold IQR; simpl. + rewrite CReal_opp_mult_distr_l. + rewrite opp_IZR. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma lt_IQR : forall n m:Q, IQR n < IQR m -> (n < m)%Q. +Proof. + intros. destruct n,m; unfold IQR in H. + unfold Qlt; simpl. apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_r (IPR Qden)) in H. + rewrite CReal_mult_assoc in H. rewrite CReal_inv_l in H. + rewrite CReal_mult_1_r in H. rewrite (CReal_mult_comm (IZR Qnum0)) in H. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l (IPR Qden0)) in H. + do 2 rewrite <- CReal_mult_assoc in H. rewrite CReal_inv_r in H. + rewrite CReal_mult_1_l in H. + rewrite (CReal_mult_comm (IZR Qnum0)) in H. + do 2 rewrite <- mult_IPR_IZR in H. apply lt_IZR in H. + rewrite Z.mul_comm. rewrite (Z.mul_comm Qnum0). + apply H. apply IPR_pos. apply IPR_pos. +Qed. + +Lemma CReal_mult_le_compat_l_half : forall r r1 r2, + 0 < r -> r1 <= r2 -> r * r1 <= r * r2. +Proof. + intros. intro abs. apply (CReal_mult_lt_reg_l) in abs. + contradiction. apply H. +Qed. + +Lemma IQR_lt : forall n m:Q, Qlt n m -> IQR n < IQR m. +Proof. + intros. apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r (-IQR n)). + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_r. rewrite <- opp_IQR. rewrite <- plus_IQR. + apply IQR_pos. apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ n). + ring_simplify. apply H. +Qed. + +Lemma IQR_nonneg : forall q:Q, Qle 0 q -> 0 <= (IQR q). +Proof. + intros [a b] H. unfold IQR. + apply (CRealLe_trans _ ((/ IPR b) (inr (IPR_pos b)) * 0)). + rewrite CReal_mult_0_r. apply CRealLe_refl. + rewrite (CReal_mult_comm (IZR a)). apply CReal_mult_le_compat_l_half. + apply CReal_inv_0_lt_compat. apply IPR_pos. + apply (IZR_le 0 a). unfold Qle in H; simpl in H. + rewrite Z.mul_1_r in H. apply H. +Qed. + +Lemma IQR_le : forall n m:Q, Qle n m -> IQR n <= IQR m. +Proof. + intros. intro abs. apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-IQR n)) in abs. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l, <- opp_IQR, <- plus_IQR in abs. + apply IQR_nonneg in abs. contradiction. apply (Qplus_le_l _ _ n). + ring_simplify. apply H. +Qed. + +Add Parametric Morphism : IQR + with signature Qeq ==> CRealEq + as IQR_morph. +Proof. + intros. destruct x,y; unfold IQR. + unfold Qeq in H; simpl in H. + apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_r (IZR (Z.pos Qden))). + 2: right; apply IPR_pos. + rewrite CReal_mult_assoc. rewrite CReal_inv_l. rewrite CReal_mult_1_r. + rewrite (CReal_mult_comm (IZR Qnum0)). + apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l (IZR (Z.pos Qden0))). + right; apply IPR_pos. + rewrite <- CReal_mult_assoc, <- CReal_mult_assoc, CReal_inv_r. + rewrite CReal_mult_1_l. + repeat rewrite <- mult_IZR. + rewrite <- H. rewrite Zmult_comm. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Instance IQR_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Qeq CRealEq) IQR. +Proof. + intros x y H. destruct x,y; unfold IQR. + unfold Qeq in H; simpl in H. + apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_r (IZR (Z.pos Qden))). + 2: right; apply IPR_pos. + rewrite CReal_mult_assoc. rewrite CReal_inv_l. rewrite CReal_mult_1_r. + rewrite (CReal_mult_comm (IZR Qnum0)). + apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l (IZR (Z.pos Qden0))). + right; apply IPR_pos. + rewrite <- CReal_mult_assoc, <- CReal_mult_assoc, CReal_inv_r. + rewrite CReal_mult_1_l. + repeat rewrite <- mult_IZR. + rewrite <- H. rewrite Zmult_comm. reflexivity. +Qed. + Lemma CReal_invQ : forall (b : positive) (pos : Qlt 0 (Z.pos b # 1)), - CRealEq (CReal_inv (inject_Q (Z.pos b # 1)) (or_intror (CReal_injectQPos (Z.pos b # 1) pos))) + CRealEq (CReal_inv (inject_Q (Z.pos b # 1)) (inr (CReal_injectQPos (Z.pos b # 1) pos))) (inject_Q (1 # b)). Proof. intros. @@ -2511,12 +2892,12 @@ Qed. Lemma FinjectQ_CReal : forall q : Q, IQR q == inject_Q q. Proof. - intros [a b]. unfold IQR; simpl. + intros [a b]. unfold IQR. pose proof (CReal_iterate_one (Pos.to_nat b)). rewrite positive_nat_Z in H. simpl in H. assert (0 < Z.pos b # 1)%Q as pos. reflexivity. apply (CRealEq_trans _ (CReal_mult (IZR a) - (CReal_inv (inject_Q (Z.pos b # 1)) (or_intror (CReal_injectQPos (Z.pos b # 1) pos))))). + (CReal_inv (inject_Q (Z.pos b # 1)) (inr (CReal_injectQPos (Z.pos b # 1) pos))))). - apply CReal_mult_proper_l. apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l (IPR b)). right. apply IPR_pos. @@ -2530,6 +2911,41 @@ Proof. discriminate. Qed. -Close Scope R_scope_constr. +Lemma CReal_gen_inject : forall (n : nat), + gen_phiZ (inject_Q 0) (inject_Q 1) CReal_plus CReal_mult CReal_opp + (Z.of_nat n) + == inject_Q (Z.of_nat n # 1). +Proof. + induction n. + - apply CRealEq_refl. + - replace (Z.of_nat (S n)) with (1 + Z.of_nat n)%Z. + rewrite (gen_phiZ_add CRealEq_rel CReal_isRingExt CReal_isRing). + rewrite IHn. clear IHn. apply CRealEq_diff. intro k. simpl. + rewrite Z.mul_1_r. rewrite Z.mul_1_r. rewrite Z.mul_1_r. + rewrite Z.add_opp_diag_r. discriminate. + replace (S n) with (1 + n)%nat. 2: reflexivity. + rewrite (Nat2Z.inj_add 1 n). reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma CRealArchimedean + : forall x:CReal, { n:Z & CRealLt x (gen_phiZ (inject_Q 0) (inject_Q 1) CReal_plus + CReal_mult CReal_opp n) }. +Proof. + intros [xn limx]. destruct (Qarchimedean (xn 1%nat)) as [k kmaj]. + exists (Z.pos (2 + k)). rewrite <- (positive_nat_Z (2 + k)). + rewrite CReal_gen_inject. rewrite (positive_nat_Z (2 + k)). + exists xH. + setoid_replace (2 # 1)%Q with + ((Z.pos (2 + k) # 1) - (Z.pos k # 1))%Q. + - apply Qplus_lt_r. apply Qlt_minus_iff. rewrite Qopp_involutive. + apply Qlt_minus_iff in kmaj. rewrite Qplus_comm. apply kmaj. + - unfold Qminus. setoid_replace (- (Z.pos k # 1))%Q with (-Z.pos k # 1)%Q. + 2: reflexivity. rewrite Qinv_plus_distr. + rewrite Pos2Z.inj_add. rewrite <- Zplus_assoc. + rewrite Zplus_opp_r. reflexivity. +Qed. + + +Close Scope CReal_scope. Close Scope Q. diff --git a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRIneq.v b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRIneq.v index adffa9b719..b53436be55 100644 --- a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRIneq.v +++ b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRIneq.v @@ -10,68 +10,423 @@ (************************************************************************) (*********************************************************) -(** * Basic lemmas for the classical real numbers *) +(** * Basic lemmas for the contructive real numbers *) (*********************************************************) +(* Implement interface ConstructiveReals opaquely with + Cauchy reals and prove basic results. + Those are therefore true for any implementation of + ConstructiveReals (for example with Dedekind reals). + + This file is the recommended import for working with + constructive reals, do not use ConstructiveCauchyReals + directly. *) + Require Import ConstructiveCauchyReals. +Require Import ConstructiveRcomplete. +Require Import ConstructiveRealsLUB. +Require Export ConstructiveReals. Require Import Zpower. Require Export ZArithRing. Require Import Omega. Require Import QArith_base. Require Import Qring. +Declare Scope R_scope_constr. + Local Open Scope Z_scope. Local Open Scope R_scope_constr. -(* Export all axioms *) - -Notation Rplus_comm := CReal_plus_comm (only parsing). -Notation Rplus_assoc := CReal_plus_assoc (only parsing). -Notation Rplus_opp_r := CReal_plus_opp_r (only parsing). -Notation Rplus_0_l := CReal_plus_0_l (only parsing). -Notation Rmult_comm := CReal_mult_comm (only parsing). -Notation Rmult_assoc := CReal_mult_assoc (only parsing). -Notation Rinv_l := CReal_inv_l (only parsing). -Notation Rmult_1_l := CReal_mult_1_l (only parsing). -Notation Rmult_plus_distr_l := CReal_mult_plus_distr_l (only parsing). -Notation Rlt_0_1 := CRealLt_0_1 (only parsing). -Notation Rlt_asym := CRealLt_asym (only parsing). -Notation Rlt_trans := CRealLt_trans (only parsing). -Notation Rplus_lt_compat_l := CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (only parsing). -Notation Rmult_lt_compat_l := CReal_mult_lt_compat_l (only parsing). -Notation Rmult_0_l := CReal_mult_0_l (only parsing). +Definition CR : ConstructiveReals. +Proof. + assert (isLinearOrder CReal CRealLt) as lin. + { repeat split. exact CRealLt_asym. + exact CRealLt_trans. + intros. destruct (CRealLt_dec x z y H). + left. exact c. right. exact c. } + apply (Build_ConstructiveReals + CReal CRealLt lin CRealLtProp + CRealLtEpsilon CRealLtForget CRealLtDisjunctEpsilon + (inject_Q 0) (inject_Q 1) + CReal_plus CReal_opp CReal_mult + CReal_isRing CReal_isRingExt CRealLt_0_1 + CReal_plus_lt_compat_l CReal_plus_lt_reg_l + CReal_mult_lt_0_compat + CReal_inv CReal_inv_l CReal_inv_0_lt_compat + CRealArchimedean). + - intros. destruct (Rcauchy_complete xn) as [l cv]. + intro n. apply (H (IQR (1#n))). apply IQR_pos. reflexivity. + exists l. intros eps epsPos. + destruct (Rup_nat ((/eps) (inr epsPos))) as [n nmaj]. + specialize (cv (Pos.of_nat (S n))) as [p pmaj]. + exists p. intros. specialize (pmaj i H0). unfold absSmall in pmaj. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l eps) in nmaj. + rewrite CReal_inv_r, CReal_mult_comm in nmaj. + 2: apply epsPos. split. + + apply (CRealLt_trans _ (-IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat (S n)))). + 2: apply pmaj. clear pmaj. + apply CReal_opp_gt_lt_contravar. unfold CRealGt, IQR. + rewrite CReal_mult_1_l. apply (CReal_mult_lt_reg_l (IPR (Pos.of_nat (S n)))). + apply IPR_pos. rewrite CReal_inv_r, <- INR_IPR, Nat2Pos.id. + 2: discriminate. apply (CRealLt_trans _ (INR n * eps) _ nmaj). + apply CReal_mult_lt_compat_r. exact epsPos. apply lt_INR, le_refl. + + apply (CRealLt_trans _ (IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat (S n)))). + apply pmaj. unfold IQR. rewrite CReal_mult_1_l. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_reg_l (IPR (Pos.of_nat (S n)))). + apply IPR_pos. rewrite CReal_inv_r, <- INR_IPR, Nat2Pos.id. + 2: discriminate. apply (CRealLt_trans _ (INR n * eps) _ nmaj). + apply CReal_mult_lt_compat_r. exact epsPos. apply lt_INR, le_refl. + - exact sig_lub. +Qed. (* Keep it opaque to possibly change the implementation later *) + +Definition R := CRcarrier CR. + +Definition Req := orderEq R (CRlt CR). +Definition Rle (x y : R) := CRlt CR y x -> False. +Definition Rge (x y : R) := CRlt CR x y -> False. +Definition Rlt := CRlt CR. +Definition RltProp := CRltProp CR. +Definition Rgt (x y : R) := CRlt CR y x. +Definition Rappart := orderAppart R (CRlt CR). + +Infix "==" := Req : R_scope_constr. +Infix "#" := Rappart : R_scope_constr. +Infix "<" := Rlt : R_scope_constr. +Infix ">" := Rgt : R_scope_constr. +Infix "<=" := Rle : R_scope_constr. +Infix ">=" := Rge : R_scope_constr. + +Notation "x <= y <= z" := (x <= y /\ y <= z) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "x <= y < z" := (prod (x <= y) (y < z)) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "x < y < z" := (prod (x < y) (y < z)) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "x < y <= z" := (prod (x < y) (y <= z)) : R_scope_constr. + +Lemma Rlt_epsilon : forall x y : R, RltProp x y -> x < y. +Proof. + exact (CRltEpsilon CR). +Qed. + +Lemma Rlt_forget : forall x y : R, x < y -> RltProp x y. +Proof. + exact (CRltForget CR). +Qed. + +Lemma Rle_refl : forall x : R, x <= x. +Proof. + intros. intro abs. + destruct (CRltLinear CR), p. + exact (f x x abs abs). +Qed. +Hint Immediate Rle_refl: rorders. + +Lemma Req_refl : forall x : R, x == x. +Proof. + intros. split; apply Rle_refl. +Qed. + +Lemma Req_sym : forall x y : R, x == y -> y == x. +Proof. + intros. destruct H. split; intro abs; contradiction. +Qed. + +Lemma Req_trans : forall x y z : R, x == y -> y == z -> x == z. +Proof. + intros. destruct H,H0. destruct (CRltLinear CR), p. split. + - intro abs. destruct (s _ y _ abs); contradiction. + - intro abs. destruct (s _ y _ abs); contradiction. +Qed. + +Add Parametric Relation : R Req + reflexivity proved by Req_refl + symmetry proved by Req_sym + transitivity proved by Req_trans + as Req_rel. + +Instance Req_relT : CRelationClasses.Equivalence Req. +Proof. + split. exact Req_refl. exact Req_sym. exact Req_trans. +Qed. + +Lemma linear_order_T : forall x y z : R, + x < z -> (x < y) + (y < z). +Proof. + intros. destruct (CRltLinear CR). apply s. exact H. +Qed. + +Instance Rlt_morph + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Req (CMorphisms.respectful Req CRelationClasses.iffT)) Rlt. +Proof. + intros x y H x0 y0 H0. destruct H, H0. split. + - intro. destruct (linear_order_T x y x0). assumption. + contradiction. destruct (linear_order_T y y0 x0). + assumption. assumption. contradiction. + - intro. destruct (linear_order_T y x y0). assumption. + contradiction. destruct (linear_order_T x x0 y0). + assumption. assumption. contradiction. +Qed. + +Instance RltProp_morph + : Morphisms.Proper + (Morphisms.respectful Req (Morphisms.respectful Req iff)) RltProp. +Proof. + intros x y H x0 y0 H0. destruct H, H0. split. + - intro. destruct (linear_order_T x y x0). + apply Rlt_epsilon. assumption. + contradiction. destruct (linear_order_T y y0 x0). + assumption. apply Rlt_forget. assumption. contradiction. + - intro. destruct (linear_order_T y x y0). + apply Rlt_epsilon. assumption. + contradiction. destruct (linear_order_T x x0 y0). + assumption. apply Rlt_forget. assumption. contradiction. +Qed. + +Instance Rgt_morph + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Req (CMorphisms.respectful Req CRelationClasses.iffT)) Rgt. +Proof. + intros x y H x0 y0 H0. unfold Rgt. apply Rlt_morph; assumption. +Qed. + +Instance Rappart_morph + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Req (CMorphisms.respectful Req CRelationClasses.iffT)) Rappart. +Proof. + split. + - intros. destruct H1. left. rewrite <- H0, <- H. exact c. + right. rewrite <- H0, <- H. exact c. + - intros. destruct H1. left. rewrite H0, H. exact c. + right. rewrite H0, H. exact c. +Qed. + +Add Parametric Morphism : Rle + with signature Req ==> Req ==> iff + as Rle_morph. +Proof. + intros. split. + - intros H1 H2. unfold CRealLe in H1. + rewrite <- H0 in H2. rewrite <- H in H2. contradiction. + - intros H1 H2. unfold CRealLe in H1. + rewrite H0 in H2. rewrite H in H2. contradiction. +Qed. + +Add Parametric Morphism : Rge + with signature Req ==> Req ==> iff + as Rge_morph. +Proof. + intros. unfold Rge. apply Rle_morph; assumption. +Qed. + + +Definition Rplus := CRplus CR. +Definition Rmult := CRmult CR. +Definition Rinv := CRinv CR. +Definition Ropp := CRopp CR. + +Add Parametric Morphism : Rplus + with signature Req ==> Req ==> Req + as Rplus_morph. +Proof. + apply CRisRingExt. +Qed. + +Instance Rplus_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Req (CMorphisms.respectful Req Req)) Rplus. +Proof. + apply CRisRingExt. +Qed. + +Add Parametric Morphism : Rmult + with signature Req ==> Req ==> Req + as Rmult_morph. +Proof. + apply CRisRingExt. +Qed. + +Instance Rmult_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Req (CMorphisms.respectful Req Req)) Rmult. +Proof. + apply CRisRingExt. +Qed. + +Add Parametric Morphism : Ropp + with signature Req ==> Req + as Ropp_morph. +Proof. + apply CRisRingExt. +Qed. + +Instance Ropp_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Req Req) Ropp. +Proof. + apply CRisRingExt. +Qed. + +Infix "+" := Rplus : R_scope_constr. +Notation "- x" := (Ropp x) : R_scope_constr. +Definition Rminus (r1 r2:R) : R := r1 + - r2. +Infix "-" := Rminus : R_scope_constr. +Infix "*" := Rmult : R_scope_constr. +Notation "/ x" := (CRinv CR x) (at level 35, right associativity) : R_scope_constr. + +Notation "0" := (CRzero CR) : R_scope_constr. +Notation "1" := (CRone CR) : R_scope_constr. + +Add Parametric Morphism : Rminus + with signature Req ==> Req ==> Req + as Rminus_morph. +Proof. + intros. unfold Rminus, CRminus. rewrite H,H0. reflexivity. +Qed. + + +(* Help Add Ring to find the correct equality *) +Lemma RisRing : ring_theory 0 1 + Rplus Rmult + Rminus Ropp + Req. +Proof. + exact (CRisRing CR). +Qed. + +Add Ring CRealRing : RisRing. + +Lemma Rplus_comm : forall x y:R, x + y == y + x. +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Lemma Rplus_assoc : forall x y z:R, (x + y) + z == x + (y + z). +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Lemma Rplus_opp_r : forall x:R, x + -x == 0. +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Lemma Rplus_0_l : forall x:R, 0 + x == x. +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Lemma Rmult_0_l : forall x:R, 0 * x == 0. +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Lemma Rmult_1_l : forall x:R, 1 * x == x. +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Lemma Rmult_comm : forall x y:R, x * y == y * x. +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Lemma Rmult_assoc : forall x y z:R, (x * y) * z == x * (y * z). +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Definition Rinv_l := CRinv_l CR. + +Lemma Rmult_plus_distr_l : forall r1 r2 r3 : R, + r1 * (r2 + r3) == (r1 * r2) + (r1 * r3). +Proof. intros. ring. Qed. + +Definition Rlt_0_1 := CRzero_lt_one CR. + +Lemma Rlt_asym : forall x y :R, x < y -> y < x -> False. +Proof. + intros. destruct (CRltLinear CR), p. + apply (f x y); assumption. +Qed. + +Lemma Rlt_trans : forall x y z : R, x < y -> y < z -> x < z. +Proof. + intros. destruct (CRltLinear CR), p. + apply (c x y); assumption. +Qed. + +Lemma Rplus_lt_compat_l : forall x y z : R, + y < z -> x + y < x + z. +Proof. + intros. apply CRplus_lt_compat_l. exact H. +Qed. + +Lemma Ropp_mult_distr_l + : forall r1 r2 : R, -(r1 * r2) == (- r1) * r2. +Proof. + intros. ring. +Qed. + +Lemma Rplus_lt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, r + r1 < r + r2 -> r1 < r2. +Proof. + intros. apply CRplus_lt_reg_l in H. exact H. +Qed. + +Lemma Rmult_lt_compat_l : forall x y z : R, + 0 < x -> y < z -> x * y < x * z. +Proof. + intros. apply (CRplus_lt_reg_l CR (- (x * y))). + rewrite Rplus_comm. pose proof Rplus_opp_r. + rewrite H1. + rewrite Rmult_comm, Ropp_mult_distr_l, Rmult_comm. + rewrite <- Rmult_plus_distr_l. + apply CRmult_lt_0_compat. exact H. + apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l y). + rewrite Rplus_comm, Rplus_0_l. + rewrite <- Rplus_assoc, H1, Rplus_0_l. exact H0. +Qed. Hint Resolve Rplus_comm Rplus_assoc Rplus_opp_r Rplus_0_l Rmult_comm Rmult_assoc Rinv_l Rmult_1_l Rmult_plus_distr_l Rlt_0_1 Rlt_asym Rlt_trans Rplus_lt_compat_l Rmult_lt_compat_l Rmult_0_l : creal. +Fixpoint INR (n:nat) : R := + match n with + | O => 0 + | S O => 1 + | S n => INR n + 1 + end. +Arguments INR n%nat. + +(* compact representation for 2*p *) +Fixpoint IPR_2 (p:positive) : R := + match p with + | xH => 1 + 1 + | xO p => (1 + 1) * IPR_2 p + | xI p => (1 + 1) * (1 + IPR_2 p) + end. + +Definition IPR (p:positive) : R := + match p with + | xH => 1 + | xO p => IPR_2 p + | xI p => 1 + IPR_2 p + end. +Arguments IPR p%positive : simpl never. + +(**********) +Definition IZR (z:Z) : R := + match z with + | Z0 => 0 + | Zpos n => IPR n + | Zneg n => - IPR n + end. +Arguments IZR z%Z : simpl never. + +Notation "2" := (IZR 2) : R_scope_constr. + (*********************************************************) (** ** Relation between orders and equality *) (*********************************************************) -(** Reflexivity of the large order *) - -Lemma Rle_refl : forall r, r <= r. -Proof. - intros r abs. apply (CRealLt_asym r r); exact abs. -Qed. -Hint Immediate Rle_refl: rorders. - Lemma Rge_refl : forall r, r <= r. Proof. exact Rle_refl. Qed. Hint Immediate Rge_refl: rorders. (** Irreflexivity of the strict order *) -Lemma Rlt_irrefl : forall r, ~ r < r. +Lemma Rlt_irrefl : forall r, r < r -> False. Proof. - intros r H; eapply CRealLt_asym; eauto. + intros r H; eapply Rlt_asym; eauto. Qed. Hint Resolve Rlt_irrefl: creal. -Lemma Rgt_irrefl : forall r, ~ r > r. +Lemma Rgt_irrefl : forall r, r > r -> False. Proof. exact Rlt_irrefl. Qed. Lemma Rlt_not_eq : forall r1 r2, r1 < r2 -> r1 <> r2. @@ -85,11 +440,11 @@ Proof. Qed. (**********) -Lemma Rlt_dichotomy_converse : forall r1 r2, r1 < r2 \/ r1 > r2 -> r1 <> r2. +Lemma Rlt_dichotomy_converse : forall r1 r2, ((r1 < r2) + (r1 > r2)) -> r1 <> r2. Proof. intros. destruct H. - - intro abs. subst r2. exact (Rlt_irrefl r1 H). - - intro abs. subst r2. exact (Rlt_irrefl r1 H). + - intro abs. subst r2. exact (Rlt_irrefl r1 r). + - intro abs. subst r2. exact (Rlt_irrefl r1 r). Qed. Hint Resolve Rlt_dichotomy_converse: creal. @@ -108,13 +463,13 @@ Hint Resolve Rlt_dichotomy_converse: creal. Lemma Rlt_le : forall r1 r2, r1 < r2 -> r1 <= r2. Proof. - intros. intro abs. apply (CRealLt_asym r1 r2); assumption. + intros. intro abs. apply (Rlt_asym r1 r2); assumption. Qed. Hint Resolve Rlt_le: creal. Lemma Rgt_ge : forall r1 r2, r1 > r2 -> r1 >= r2. Proof. - intros. intro abs. apply (CRealLt_asym r1 r2); assumption. + intros. intro abs. apply (Rlt_asym r1 r2); assumption. Qed. (**********) @@ -147,22 +502,22 @@ Hint Immediate Rgt_lt: rorders. (**********) -Lemma Rnot_lt_le : forall r1 r2, ~ r1 < r2 -> r2 <= r1. +Lemma Rnot_lt_le : forall r1 r2, (r1 < r2 -> False) -> r2 <= r1. Proof. - intros. intro abs. contradiction. + intros. exact H. Qed. -Lemma Rnot_gt_le : forall r1 r2, ~ r1 > r2 -> r1 <= r2. +Lemma Rnot_gt_le : forall r1 r2, (r1 > r2 -> False) -> r1 <= r2. Proof. intros. intro abs. contradiction. Qed. -Lemma Rnot_gt_ge : forall r1 r2, ~ r1 > r2 -> r2 >= r1. +Lemma Rnot_gt_ge : forall r1 r2, (r1 > r2 -> False) -> r2 >= r1. Proof. intros. intro abs. contradiction. Qed. -Lemma Rnot_lt_ge : forall r1 r2, ~ r1 < r2 -> r1 >= r2. +Lemma Rnot_lt_ge : forall r1 r2, (r1 < r2 -> False) -> r1 >= r2. Proof. intros. intro abs. contradiction. Qed. @@ -170,7 +525,7 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma Rlt_not_le : forall r1 r2, r2 < r1 -> ~ r1 <= r2. Proof. - generalize CRealLt_asym Rlt_dichotomy_converse; unfold CRealLe. + generalize Rlt_asym Rlt_dichotomy_converse; unfold CRealLe. unfold not; intuition eauto 3. Qed. Hint Immediate Rlt_not_le: creal. @@ -185,19 +540,19 @@ Hint Immediate Rlt_not_ge: creal. Lemma Rgt_not_ge : forall r1 r2, r2 > r1 -> ~ r1 >= r2. Proof. exact Rlt_not_ge. Qed. -Lemma Rle_not_lt : forall r1 r2, r2 <= r1 -> ~ r1 < r2. +Lemma Rle_not_lt : forall r1 r2, r2 <= r1 -> r1 < r2 -> False. Proof. - intros r1 r2. generalize (CRealLt_asym r1 r2) (Rlt_dichotomy_converse r1 r2). + intros r1 r2. generalize (Rlt_asym r1 r2) (Rlt_dichotomy_converse r1 r2). unfold CRealLe; intuition. Qed. -Lemma Rge_not_lt : forall r1 r2, r1 >= r2 -> ~ r1 < r2. -Proof. intros; apply Rle_not_lt; auto with creal. Qed. +Lemma Rge_not_lt : forall r1 r2, r1 >= r2 -> r1 < r2 -> False. +Proof. intros; apply (Rle_not_lt r1 r2); auto with creal. Qed. -Lemma Rle_not_gt : forall r1 r2, r1 <= r2 -> ~ r1 > r2. +Lemma Rle_not_gt : forall r1 r2, r1 <= r2 -> r1 > r2 -> False. Proof. do 2 intro; apply Rle_not_lt. Qed. -Lemma Rge_not_gt : forall r1 r2, r2 >= r1 -> ~ r1 > r2. +Lemma Rge_not_gt : forall r1 r2, r2 >= r1 -> r1 > r2 -> False. Proof. do 2 intro; apply Rge_not_lt. Qed. (**********) @@ -227,10 +582,10 @@ Hint Immediate Req_ge_sym: creal. (** *** Asymmetry *) -(** Remark: [CRealLt_asym] is an axiom *) +(** Remark: [Rlt_asym] is an axiom *) -Lemma Rgt_asym : forall r1 r2, r1 > r2 -> ~ r2 > r1. -Proof. do 2 intro; apply CRealLt_asym. Qed. +Lemma Rgt_asym : forall r1 r2, r1 > r2 -> r2 > r1 -> False. +Proof. do 2 intro; apply Rlt_asym. Qed. (** *** Compatibility with equality *) @@ -260,20 +615,20 @@ Qed. Lemma Rgt_trans : forall r1 r2 r3, r1 > r2 -> r2 > r3 -> r1 > r3. Proof. - intros. apply (CRealLt_trans _ r2); assumption. + intros. apply (Rlt_trans _ r2); assumption. Qed. (**********) Lemma Rle_lt_trans : forall r1 r2 r3, r1 <= r2 -> r2 < r3 -> r1 < r3. Proof. intros. - destruct (linear_order_T r2 r1 r3 H0). contradiction. apply c. + destruct (linear_order_T r2 r1 r3 H0). contradiction. apply r. Qed. Lemma Rlt_le_trans : forall r1 r2 r3, r1 < r2 -> r2 <= r3 -> r1 < r3. Proof. intros. - destruct (linear_order_T r1 r3 r2 H). apply c. contradiction. + destruct (linear_order_T r1 r3 r2 H). apply r. contradiction. Qed. Lemma Rge_gt_trans : forall r1 r2 r3, r1 >= r2 -> r2 > r3 -> r1 > r3. @@ -367,7 +722,7 @@ Qed. Lemma Rinv_r : forall r (rnz : r # 0), r # 0 -> r * ((/ r) rnz) == 1. Proof. - intros. rewrite Rmult_comm. rewrite CReal_inv_l. + intros. rewrite Rmult_comm. rewrite Rinv_l. reflexivity. Qed. Hint Resolve Rinv_r: creal. @@ -455,17 +810,17 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma Rmult_integral_contrapositive : - forall r1 r2, r1 # 0 /\ r2 # 0 -> (r1 * r2) # 0. + forall r1 r2, (prod (r1 # 0) (r2 # 0)) -> (r1 * r2) # 0. Proof. assert (forall r, 0 > r -> 0 < - r). { intros. rewrite <- (Rplus_opp_l r), <- (Rplus_0_r (-r)), Rplus_assoc. apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. rewrite Rplus_0_l. apply H. } - intros. destruct H0, H0, H1. + intros. destruct H0, r, r0. - right. setoid_replace (r1*r2) with (-r1 * -r2). 2: ring. rewrite <- (Rmult_0_r (-r1)). apply Rmult_lt_compat_l; apply H; assumption. - left. rewrite <- (Rmult_0_r r2). - rewrite Rmult_comm. apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l). apply H1. apply H0. - - left. rewrite <- (Rmult_0_r r1). apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l). apply H0. apply H1. + rewrite Rmult_comm. apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l). apply c0. apply c. + - left. rewrite <- (Rmult_0_r r1). apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l). apply c. apply c0. - right. rewrite <- (Rmult_0_r r1). apply Rmult_lt_compat_l; assumption. Qed. Hint Resolve Rmult_integral_contrapositive: creal. @@ -489,7 +844,7 @@ Qed. (*********************************************************) (***********) -Definition Rsqr (r : CReal) := r * r. +Definition Rsqr (r : R) := r * r. Notation "r ²" := (Rsqr r) (at level 1, format "r ²") : R_scope_constr. @@ -541,11 +896,6 @@ Hint Resolve Ropp_plus_distr: creal. (** ** Opposite and multiplication *) (*********************************************************) -Lemma Ropp_mult_distr_l : forall r1 r2, - (r1 * r2) == - r1 * r2. -Proof. - intros; ring. -Qed. - Lemma Ropp_mult_distr_l_reverse : forall r1 r2, - r1 * r2 == - (r1 * r2). Proof. intros; ring. @@ -575,13 +925,13 @@ Qed. Lemma Rminus_0_r : forall r, r - 0 == r. Proof. - intro; ring. + intro r. unfold Rminus. ring. Qed. Hint Resolve Rminus_0_r: creal. Lemma Rminus_0_l : forall r, 0 - r == - r. Proof. - intro; ring. + intro r. unfold Rminus. ring. Qed. Hint Resolve Rminus_0_l: creal. @@ -600,22 +950,22 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma Rminus_diag_eq : forall r1 r2, r1 == r2 -> r1 - r2 == 0. Proof. - intros; rewrite H; ring. + intros; rewrite H; unfold Rminus; ring. Qed. Hint Resolve Rminus_diag_eq: creal. (**********) Lemma Rminus_diag_uniq : forall r1 r2, r1 - r2 == 0 -> r1 == r2. Proof. - intros r1 r2. unfold CReal_minus; rewrite Rplus_comm; intro. + intros r1 r2. unfold Rminus,CRminus; rewrite Rplus_comm; intro. rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive r2); apply (Rplus_opp_r_uniq (- r2) r1 H). Qed. Hint Immediate Rminus_diag_uniq: creal. Lemma Rminus_diag_uniq_sym : forall r1 r2, r2 - r1 == 0 -> r1 == r2. Proof. - intros; generalize (Rminus_diag_uniq r2 r1 H); clear H; intro H; rewrite H; - ring. + intros; generalize (Rminus_diag_uniq r2 r1 H); clear H; + intro H; rewrite H; reflexivity. Qed. Hint Immediate Rminus_diag_uniq_sym: creal. @@ -661,11 +1011,6 @@ Proof. do 3 intro; apply Rplus_lt_compat_r. Qed. (**********) -Lemma Rplus_lt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, r + r1 < r + r2 -> r1 < r2. -Proof. - intros. apply CReal_plus_lt_reg_l in H. exact H. -Qed. - Lemma Rplus_lt_reg_r : forall r r1 r2, r1 + r < r2 + r -> r1 < r2. Proof. intros. @@ -701,7 +1046,7 @@ Qed. Lemma Rplus_lt_compat : forall r1 r2 r3 r4, r1 < r2 -> r3 < r4 -> r1 + r3 < r2 + r4. Proof. - intros; apply CRealLt_trans with (r2 + r3); auto with creal. + intros; apply Rlt_trans with (r2 + r3); auto with creal. Qed. Hint Immediate Rplus_lt_compat: creal. @@ -754,7 +1099,7 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma Rplus_lt_0_compat : forall r1 r2, 0 < r1 -> 0 < r2 -> 0 < r1 + r2. Proof. - intros. apply (CRealLt_trans _ (r1+0)). rewrite Rplus_0_r. exact H. + intros. apply (Rlt_trans _ (r1+0)). rewrite Rplus_0_r. exact H. apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. exact H0. Qed. @@ -882,11 +1227,11 @@ Proof. setoid_replace (r2 + r1 + - r2) with r1 by ring. exact H. Qed. -Hint Resolve Ropp_gt_lt_contravar : core. +Hint Resolve Ropp_gt_lt_contravar : creal. Lemma Ropp_lt_gt_contravar : forall r1 r2, r1 < r2 -> - r1 > - r2. Proof. - unfold CRealGt; auto with creal. + intros. apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. exact H. Qed. Hint Resolve Ropp_lt_gt_contravar: creal. @@ -942,13 +1287,13 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma Ropp_0_lt_gt_contravar : forall r, 0 < r -> 0 > - r. Proof. - intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. + intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. ring. Qed. Hint Resolve Ropp_0_lt_gt_contravar: creal. Lemma Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar : forall r, 0 > r -> 0 < - r. Proof. - intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. + intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. ring. Qed. Hint Resolve Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar: creal. @@ -968,13 +1313,13 @@ Hint Resolve Ropp_gt_lt_0_contravar: creal. (**********) Lemma Ropp_0_le_ge_contravar : forall r, 0 <= r -> 0 >= - r. Proof. - intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. + intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. ring. Qed. Hint Resolve Ropp_0_le_ge_contravar: creal. Lemma Ropp_0_ge_le_contravar : forall r, 0 >= r -> 0 <= - r. Proof. - intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. + intros; setoid_replace 0 with (-0); auto with creal. ring. Qed. Hint Resolve Ropp_0_ge_le_contravar: creal. @@ -1019,7 +1364,7 @@ Lemma Rmult_gt_0_lt_compat : forall r1 r2 r3 r4, r3 > 0 -> r2 > 0 -> r1 < r2 -> r3 < r4 -> r1 * r3 < r2 * r4. Proof. - intros; apply CRealLt_trans with (r2 * r3); auto with creal. + intros; apply Rlt_trans with (r2 * r3); auto with creal. Qed. (*********) @@ -1048,15 +1393,15 @@ Qed. (** *** Cancellation *) -Lemma Rinv_0_lt_compat : forall r (rpos : 0 < r), 0 < (/ r) (or_intror rpos). +Lemma Rinv_0_lt_compat : forall r (rpos : 0 < r), 0 < (/ r) (inr rpos). Proof. - intros. apply CReal_inv_0_lt_compat. exact rpos. + intros. apply CRinv_0_lt_compat. exact rpos. Qed. Lemma Rmult_lt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, 0 < r -> r * r1 < r * r2 -> r1 < r2. Proof. intros z x y H H0. - apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l ((/z) (or_intror H))) in H0. + apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l ((/z) (inr H))) in H0. repeat rewrite <- Rmult_assoc in H0. rewrite Rinv_l in H0. repeat rewrite Rmult_1_l in H0. apply H0. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. @@ -1117,13 +1462,17 @@ Qed. Lemma Rle_minus : forall r1 r2, r1 <= r2 -> r1 - r2 <= 0. Proof. intros. intro abs. apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l r2) in abs. - ring_simplify in abs. contradiction. + unfold Rminus in abs. + rewrite Rplus_0_r, Rplus_comm, Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l, Rplus_0_r in abs. + contradiction. Qed. Lemma Rge_minus : forall r1 r2, r1 >= r2 -> r1 - r2 >= 0. Proof. intros. intro abs. apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l r2) in abs. - ring_simplify in abs. contradiction. + unfold Rminus in abs. + rewrite Rplus_0_r, Rplus_comm, Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l, Rplus_0_r in abs. + contradiction. Qed. (**********) @@ -1159,7 +1508,7 @@ Qed. Lemma tech_Rplus : forall r s, 0 <= r -> 0 < s -> r + s <> 0. Proof. intros; apply not_eq_sym; apply Rlt_not_eq. - rewrite Rplus_comm; setoid_replace 0 with (0 + 0); auto with creal. + rewrite Rplus_comm; setoid_replace 0 with (0 + 0); auto with creal. ring. Qed. Hint Immediate tech_Rplus: creal. @@ -1169,7 +1518,7 @@ Hint Immediate tech_Rplus: creal. Lemma Rle_0_1 : 0 <= 1. Proof. - intro abs. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 1). + intro abs. apply (Rlt_asym 0 1). apply Rlt_0_1. apply abs. Qed. @@ -1200,9 +1549,9 @@ Qed. Lemma Rinv_neq_0_compat : forall r (rnz : r # 0), ((/ r) rnz) # 0. Proof. intros. destruct rnz. left. - assert (0 < (/-r) (or_intror (Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar _ c))). + assert (0 < (/-r) (inr (Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar _ c))). { apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. } - rewrite <- (Ropp_inv_permute _ (or_introl c)) in H. + rewrite <- (Ropp_inv_permute _ (inl c)) in H. apply Ropp_lt_cancel. rewrite Ropp_0. exact H. right. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. Qed. @@ -1275,9 +1624,9 @@ Qed. (** ** Order and inverse *) (*********************************************************) -Lemma Rinv_lt_0_compat : forall r (rneg : r < 0), (/ r) (or_introl rneg) < 0. +Lemma Rinv_lt_0_compat : forall r (rneg : r < 0), (/ r) (inl rneg) < 0. Proof. - intros. assert (0 < (/-r) (or_intror (Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar r rneg))). + intros. assert (0 < (/-r) (inr (Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar r rneg))). { apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. } rewrite <- Ropp_inv_permute in H. rewrite <- Ropp_0 in H. apply Ropp_lt_cancel in H. apply H. @@ -1310,7 +1659,7 @@ Hint Resolve Rlt_plus_1: creal. Lemma tech_Rgt_minus : forall r1 r2, 0 < r2 -> r1 > r1 - r2. Proof. intros. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r r2). - unfold CReal_minus; rewrite Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l. + unfold Rminus, CRminus; rewrite Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l. apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. exact H. Qed. @@ -1318,7 +1667,89 @@ Qed. (** ** Injection from [N] to [R] *) (*********************************************************) -Lemma Rpow_eq_compat : forall (x y : CReal) (n : nat), +(**********) +Lemma S_INR : forall n:nat, INR (S n) == INR n + 1. +Proof. + intro; destruct n. rewrite Rplus_0_l. reflexivity. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma lt_INR : forall n m:nat, (n < m)%nat -> INR n < INR m. +Proof. + induction m. + - intros. exfalso. inversion H. + - intros. unfold lt in H. apply le_S_n in H. destruct m. + assert (n = 0)%nat. + { inversion H. reflexivity. } + subst n. apply Rlt_0_1. apply le_succ_r_T in H. destruct H. + rewrite S_INR. apply (Rlt_trans _ (INR (S m) + 0)). + rewrite Rplus_comm, Rplus_0_l. apply IHm. + apply le_n_S. exact l. + apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. exact Rlt_0_1. + subst n. rewrite (S_INR (S m)). rewrite <- (Rplus_0_l). + rewrite (Rplus_comm 0), Rplus_assoc. + apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. rewrite Rplus_0_l. + exact Rlt_0_1. +Qed. + +(**********) +Lemma S_O_plus_INR : forall n:nat, INR (1 + n) == INR 1 + INR n. +Proof. + intros; destruct n. + - rewrite Rplus_comm, Rplus_0_l. reflexivity. + - rewrite Rplus_comm. reflexivity. +Qed. + +(**********) +Lemma plus_INR : forall n m:nat, INR (n + m) == INR n + INR m. +Proof. + intros n m; induction n as [| n Hrecn]. + - rewrite Rplus_0_l. reflexivity. + - replace (S n + m)%nat with (S (n + m)); auto with arith. + repeat rewrite S_INR. + rewrite Hrecn; ring. +Qed. + +(**********) +Lemma minus_INR : forall n m:nat, (m <= n)%nat -> INR (n - m) == INR n - INR m. +Proof. + intros n m le; pattern m, n; apply le_elim_rel. + intros. rewrite <- minus_n_O. simpl. + unfold Rminus, CRminus. rewrite Ropp_0, Rplus_0_r. reflexivity. + intros; repeat rewrite S_INR; simpl. + rewrite H0. unfold Rminus. ring. exact le. +Qed. + +(*********) +Lemma mult_INR : forall n m:nat, INR (n * m) == INR n * INR m. +Proof. + intros n m; induction n as [| n Hrecn]. + - rewrite Rmult_0_l. reflexivity. + - intros; repeat rewrite S_INR; simpl. + rewrite plus_INR. rewrite Hrecn; ring. +Qed. + +Lemma INR_IPR : forall p, INR (Pos.to_nat p) == IPR p. +Proof. + assert (H: forall p, 2 * INR (Pos.to_nat p) == IPR_2 p). + { induction p as [p|p|]. + - unfold IPR_2; rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xI, S_INR, mult_INR, <- IHp. + rewrite Rplus_comm. reflexivity. + - unfold IPR_2; now rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xO, mult_INR, <- IHp. + - apply Rmult_1_r. } + intros [p|p|] ; unfold IPR. + rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xI, S_INR, mult_INR, <- H. + apply Rplus_comm. + now rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_xO, mult_INR, <- H. + easy. +Qed. + +Fixpoint pow (r:R) (n:nat) : R := + match n with + | O => 1 + | S n => r * (pow r n) + end. + +Lemma Rpow_eq_compat : forall (x y : R) (n : nat), x == y -> pow x n == pow y n. Proof. intro x. induction n. @@ -1332,17 +1763,10 @@ Proof. now induction n as [|n IHn];[ | simpl; rewrite mult_INR, IHn]. Qed. (*********) Lemma lt_0_INR : forall n:nat, (0 < n)%nat -> 0 < INR n. Proof. - simple induction 1; intros. apply Rlt_0_1. - rewrite S_INR. apply (CRealLt_trans _ (INR m)). apply H1. apply Rlt_plus_1. + intros. apply (lt_INR 0). exact H. Qed. Hint Resolve lt_0_INR: creal. -Notation lt_INR := lt_INR (only parsing). -Notation plus_INR := plus_INR (only parsing). -Notation INR_IPR := INR_IPR (only parsing). -Notation plus_IZR_NEG_POS := plus_IZR_NEG_POS (only parsing). -Notation plus_IZR := plus_IZR (only parsing). - Lemma lt_1_INR : forall n:nat, (1 < n)%nat -> 1 < INR n. Proof. apply lt_INR. @@ -1413,9 +1837,10 @@ Hint Resolve not_0_INR: creal. Lemma not_INR : forall n m:nat, n <> m -> INR n # INR m. Proof. - intros n m H; case (le_or_lt n m); intros H1. + intros n m H; case (le_lt_dec n m); intros H1. + left. apply lt_INR. case (le_lt_or_eq _ _ H1); intros H2. - left. apply lt_INR. exact H2. contradiction. + exact H2. contradiction. right. apply lt_INR. exact H1. Qed. Hint Resolve not_INR: creal. @@ -1456,6 +1881,64 @@ Hint Resolve not_1_INR: creal. (** ** Injection from [Z] to [R] *) (*********************************************************) +Lemma IPR_pos : forall p:positive, 0 < IPR p. +Proof. + intro p. rewrite <- INR_IPR. apply (lt_INR 0), Pos2Nat.is_pos. +Qed. + +Lemma IPR_double : forall p:positive, IPR (2*p) == 2 * IPR p. +Proof. + intro p. destruct p; try reflexivity. + rewrite Rmult_1_r. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma INR_IZR_INZ : forall n:nat, INR n == IZR (Z.of_nat n). +Proof. + intros [|n]. + easy. + simpl Z.of_nat. unfold IZR. + now rewrite <- INR_IPR, SuccNat2Pos.id_succ. +Qed. + +Lemma plus_IZR_NEG_POS : + forall p q:positive, IZR (Zpos p + Zneg q) == IZR (Zpos p) + IZR (Zneg q). +Proof. + intros p q; simpl. rewrite Z.pos_sub_spec. + case Pos.compare_spec; intros H; unfold IZR. + subst. ring. + rewrite <- 3!INR_IPR, Pos2Nat.inj_sub. + rewrite minus_INR. + 2: (now apply lt_le_weak, Pos2Nat.inj_lt). + ring. + trivial. + rewrite <- 3!INR_IPR, Pos2Nat.inj_sub. + rewrite minus_INR. + 2: (now apply lt_le_weak, Pos2Nat.inj_lt). + unfold Rminus. ring. trivial. +Qed. + +Lemma plus_IPR : forall n m:positive, IPR (n + m) == IPR n + IPR m. +Proof. + intros. repeat rewrite <- INR_IPR. + rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_add. apply plus_INR. +Qed. + +(**********) +Lemma plus_IZR : forall n m:Z, IZR (n + m) == IZR n + IZR m. +Proof. + intro z; destruct z; intro t; destruct t; intros. + - rewrite Rplus_0_l. reflexivity. + - rewrite Rplus_0_l. rewrite Z.add_0_l. reflexivity. + - rewrite Rplus_0_l. reflexivity. + - rewrite Rplus_comm,Rplus_0_l. reflexivity. + - rewrite <- Pos2Z.inj_add. unfold IZR. apply plus_IPR. + - apply plus_IZR_NEG_POS. + - rewrite Rplus_comm,Rplus_0_l, Z.add_0_r. reflexivity. + - rewrite Z.add_comm; rewrite Rplus_comm; apply plus_IZR_NEG_POS. + - simpl. unfold IZR. rewrite <- 3!INR_IPR, Pos2Nat.inj_add, plus_INR. + ring. +Qed. + Lemma mult_IPR : forall n m:positive, IPR (n * m) == IPR n * IPR m. Proof. intros. repeat rewrite <- INR_IPR. @@ -1495,6 +1978,7 @@ Qed. Lemma opp_IZR : forall n:Z, IZR (- n) == - IZR n. Proof. intros [|z|z]; unfold IZR; simpl; auto with creal. + ring. reflexivity. rewrite Ropp_involutive. reflexivity. Qed. @@ -1502,7 +1986,7 @@ Definition Ropp_Ropp_IZR := opp_IZR. Lemma minus_IZR : forall n m:Z, IZR (n - m) == IZR n - IZR m. Proof. - intros; unfold Z.sub, CReal_minus. + intros; unfold Z.sub, Rminus,CRminus. rewrite <- opp_IZR. apply plus_IZR. Qed. @@ -1510,8 +1994,8 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma Z_R_minus : forall n m:Z, IZR n - IZR m == IZR (n - m). Proof. - intros z1 z2; unfold CReal_minus; unfold Z.sub. - rewrite <- (Ropp_Ropp_IZR z2); symmetry ; apply plus_IZR. + intros z1 z2; unfold Rminus,CRminus; unfold Z.sub. + rewrite <- (Ropp_Ropp_IZR z2); symmetry; apply plus_IZR. Qed. (**********) @@ -1566,7 +2050,7 @@ Proof. subst n. rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. apply (lt_INR 0). apply Nat2Z.inj_lt. apply H. } intros. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (-(IZR n))). - pose proof minus_IZR. unfold CReal_minus in H0. + pose proof minus_IZR. unfold Rminus,CRminus in H0. repeat rewrite <- H0. unfold Zminus. rewrite Z.add_opp_diag_r. apply posCase. rewrite (Z.add_lt_mono_l _ _ n). ring_simplify. apply H. @@ -1575,10 +2059,9 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma not_0_IZR : forall n:Z, n <> 0%Z -> IZR n # 0. Proof. - intros. destruct (Z.lt_trichotomy n 0). - left. apply (IZR_lt n 0). exact H0. - destruct H0. contradiction. - right. apply (IZR_lt 0 n). exact H0. + intros. destruct n. exfalso. apply H. reflexivity. + right. apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. + left. apply (IZR_lt _ 0). reflexivity. Qed. (*********) @@ -1594,7 +2077,7 @@ Qed. Lemma le_IZR : forall n m:Z, IZR n <= IZR m -> (n <= m)%Z. Proof. intros. apply (Rplus_le_compat_r (-(IZR n))) in H. - pose proof minus_IZR. unfold CReal_minus in H0. + pose proof minus_IZR. unfold Rminus,CRminus in H0. repeat rewrite <- H0 in H. unfold Zminus in H. rewrite Z.add_opp_diag_r in H. apply (Z.add_le_mono_l _ _ (-n)). ring_simplify. @@ -1610,22 +2093,27 @@ Qed. (**********) Lemma IZR_ge : forall n m:Z, (n >= m)%Z -> IZR n >= IZR m. Proof. - intros m n H; apply Rnot_lt_ge; red; intro. - generalize (lt_IZR m n H0); intro; omega. + intros m n H; apply Rnot_lt_ge. intro abs. + apply lt_IZR in abs. omega. Qed. Lemma IZR_le : forall n m:Z, (n <= m)%Z -> IZR n <= IZR m. Proof. - intros m n H; apply Rnot_gt_le; red; intro. - unfold CRealGt in H0; generalize (lt_IZR n m H0); intro; omega. + intros m n H; apply Rnot_lt_ge. intro abs. + apply lt_IZR in abs. omega. Qed. Lemma IZR_neq : forall z1 z2:Z, z1 <> z2 -> IZR z1 # IZR z2. Proof. - intros. destruct (Z.lt_trichotomy z1 z2). - left. apply IZR_lt. exact H0. - destruct H0. contradiction. - right. apply IZR_lt. exact H0. + intros. destruct (not_0_IZR (z1-z2)). + intro abs. apply H. rewrite <- (Z.add_cancel_r _ _ (-z2)). + ring_simplify. exact abs. + left. apply IZR_lt. apply (lt_IZR _ 0) in c. + rewrite (Z.add_lt_mono_r _ _ (-z2)). + ring_simplify. exact c. + right. apply IZR_lt. apply (lt_IZR 0) in c. + rewrite (Z.add_lt_mono_l _ _ (-z2)). + ring_simplify. rewrite Z.add_comm. exact c. Qed. Hint Extern 0 (IZR _ <= IZR _) => apply IZR_le, Zle_bool_imp_le, eq_refl : creal. @@ -1649,7 +2137,7 @@ Proof. intros r z x [H1 H2] [H3 H4]. cut ((z - x)%Z = 0%Z); auto with zarith. apply one_IZR_lt1. - rewrite <- Z_R_minus; split. + split; rewrite <- Z_R_minus. setoid_replace (-(1)) with (r - (r + 1)). unfold CReal_minus; apply Rplus_lt_le_compat; auto with creal. ring. @@ -1672,18 +2160,13 @@ Lemma tech_single_z_r_R1 : forall r (n:Z), r < IZR n -> IZR n <= r + 1 -> - (exists s : Z, s <> n /\ r < IZR s /\ IZR s <= r + 1) -> False. + { s : Z & prod (s <> n) (r < IZR s <= r + 1) } -> False. Proof. intros r z H1 H2 [s [H3 [H4 H5]]]. apply H3; apply single_z_r_R1 with r; trivial. Qed. - -(*********************************************************) -(** ** Computable Reals *) -(*********************************************************) - Lemma Rmult_le_compat_l_half : forall r r1 r2, 0 < r -> r1 <= r2 -> r * r1 <= r * r2. Proof. @@ -1691,6 +2174,72 @@ Proof. contradiction. apply H. Qed. +Lemma INR_gen_phiZ : forall (n : nat), + gen_phiZ 0 1 Rplus Rmult Ropp (Z.of_nat n) == INR n. +Proof. + induction n. + - apply Req_refl. + - replace (Z.of_nat (S n)) with (1 + Z.of_nat n)%Z. + rewrite (gen_phiZ_add Req_rel (CRisRingExt CR) RisRing). + rewrite IHn. clear IHn. simpl. rewrite (Rplus_comm 1). + destruct n. rewrite Rplus_0_l. reflexivity. reflexivity. + replace (S n) with (1 + n)%nat. 2: reflexivity. + rewrite (Nat2Z.inj_add 1 n). reflexivity. +Qed. + +Definition Rup_nat (x : R) + : { n : nat & x < INR n }. +Proof. + intros. destruct (CRarchimedean CR x) as [p maj]. + destruct p. + - exists O. apply maj. + - exists (Pos.to_nat p). + rewrite <- positive_nat_Z, (INR_gen_phiZ (Pos.to_nat p)) in maj. exact maj. + - exists O. apply (Rlt_trans _ _ _ maj). simpl. + rewrite <- Ropp_0. apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. + fold (gen_phiZ 0 1 Rplus Rmult Ropp (Z.pos p)). + replace (gen_phiPOS 1 (CRplus CR) (CRmult CR) p) + with (gen_phiZ 0 1 Rplus Rmult Ropp (Z.pos p)). + 2: reflexivity. + rewrite <- positive_nat_Z, (INR_gen_phiZ (Pos.to_nat p)). + apply (lt_INR 0). apply Pos2Nat.is_pos. +Qed. + +Fixpoint Rarchimedean_ind (x:R) (n : Z) (p:nat) { struct p } + : (x < IZR n < x + 2 + (INR p)) + -> { n:Z & x < IZR n < x+2 }. +Proof. + destruct p. + - exists n. destruct H. split. exact r. rewrite Rplus_0_r in r0; exact r0. + - intros. destruct (linear_order_T (x+1+INR p) (IZR n) (x+2+INR p)). + do 2 rewrite Rplus_assoc. apply Rplus_lt_compat_l, Rplus_lt_compat_r. + rewrite <- (Rplus_0_r 1). apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. apply Rlt_0_1. + + apply (Rarchimedean_ind x (n-1)%Z p). unfold Zminus. + split; rewrite plus_IZR, opp_IZR. + setoid_replace (IZR 1) with 1. 2: reflexivity. + apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l 1). ring_simplify. + apply (Rle_lt_trans _ (x + 1 + INR p)). 2: exact r. + rewrite Rplus_assoc. apply Rplus_le_compat_l. + rewrite <- (Rplus_0_r 1), Rplus_assoc. apply Rplus_le_compat_l. + rewrite Rplus_0_l. apply (le_INR 0), le_0_n. + setoid_replace (IZR 1) with 1. 2: reflexivity. + apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l 1). ring_simplify. + setoid_replace (x + 2 + INR p + 1) with (x + 2 + INR (S p)). + apply H. rewrite S_INR. ring. + + apply (Rarchimedean_ind x n p). split. apply H. exact r. +Qed. + +Lemma Rarchimedean (x:R) : { n : Z & x < IZR n < x + 2 }. +Proof. + destruct (Rup_nat x) as [n nmaj]. + destruct (Rup_nat (INR n + - (x + 2))) as [p pmaj]. + apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r (x+2)) in pmaj. + rewrite Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l, Rplus_0_r in pmaj. + apply (Rarchimedean_ind x (Z.of_nat n) p). + split; rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. exact nmaj. + rewrite Rplus_comm in pmaj. exact pmaj. +Qed. + Lemma Rmult_le_0_compat : forall a b, 0 <= a -> 0 <= b -> 0 <= a * b. Proof. @@ -1698,51 +2247,42 @@ Proof. intros. intro abs. assert (0 < -(a*b)) as epsPos. { rewrite <- Ropp_0. apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. apply abs. } - pose proof (Rarchimedean (b * (/ (-(a*b))) (or_intror (Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar _ abs)))) - as [n [maj _]]. - destruct n as [|n|n]. + pose proof (Rup_nat (b * (/ (-(a*b))) (inr (Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar _ abs)))) + as [n maj]. + destruct n as [|n]. - simpl in maj. apply (Rmult_lt_compat_r (-(a*b))) in maj. rewrite Rmult_0_l in maj. rewrite Rmult_assoc in maj. rewrite Rinv_l in maj. rewrite Rmult_1_r in maj. contradiction. apply epsPos. - (* n > 0 *) - assert (0 < IZR (Z.pos n)) as nPos. - apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. - assert (b * (/ (IZR (Z.pos n))) (or_intror nPos) < -(a*b)). - { apply (Rmult_lt_reg_r (IZR (Z.pos n))). apply nPos. + assert (0 < INR (S n)) as nPos. + { apply (lt_INR 0). apply le_n_S, le_0_n. } + assert (b * (/ (INR (S n))) (inr nPos) < -(a*b)). + { apply (Rmult_lt_reg_r (INR (S n))). apply nPos. rewrite Rmult_assoc. rewrite Rinv_l. rewrite Rmult_1_r. apply (Rmult_lt_compat_r (-(a*b))) in maj. rewrite Rmult_assoc in maj. rewrite Rinv_l in maj. rewrite Rmult_1_r in maj. rewrite Rmult_comm. apply maj. exact epsPos. } - pose proof (Rmult_le_compat_l_half (a + (/ (IZR (Z.pos n))) (or_intror nPos)) + pose proof (Rmult_le_compat_l_half (a + (/ (INR (S n))) (inr nPos)) 0 b). - assert (a + (/ (IZR (Z.pos n))) (or_intror nPos) > 0 + 0). + assert (a + (/ (INR (S n))) (inr nPos) > 0 + 0). apply Rplus_le_lt_compat. apply H. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. rewrite Rplus_0_l in H3. specialize (H2 H3 H0). clear H3. rewrite Rmult_0_r in H2. apply H2. clear H2. rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_r. apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l (a*b)) in H1. rewrite Rplus_opp_r in H1. - rewrite (Rmult_comm ((/ (IZR (Z.pos n))) (or_intror nPos))). + rewrite (Rmult_comm ((/ (INR (S n))) (inr nPos))). apply H1. - - (* n < 0 *) - assert (b * (/ (- (a * b))) (or_intror (Ropp_0_gt_lt_contravar _ abs)) < 0). - apply (CRealLt_trans _ (IZR (Z.neg n)) _ maj). - apply Ropp_lt_cancel. rewrite Ropp_0. - rewrite <- opp_IZR. apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. - apply (Rmult_lt_compat_r (-(a*b))) in H1. - rewrite Rmult_0_l in H1. rewrite Rmult_assoc in H1. - rewrite Rinv_l in H1. rewrite Rmult_1_r in H1. contradiction. - apply epsPos. Qed. Lemma Rmult_le_compat_l : forall r r1 r2, 0 <= r -> r1 <= r2 -> r * r1 <= r * r2. Proof. intros. apply Rminus_ge. apply Rge_minus in H0. - unfold CReal_minus. rewrite Ropp_mult_distr_r. + unfold Rminus,CRminus. rewrite Ropp_mult_distr_r. rewrite <- Rmult_plus_distr_l. apply Rmult_le_0_compat; assumption. Qed. @@ -1762,8 +2302,8 @@ Lemma Rmult_le_0_lt_compat : 0 <= r1 -> 0 <= r3 -> r1 < r2 -> r3 < r4 -> r1 * r3 < r2 * r4. Proof. intros. apply (Rle_lt_trans _ (r2 * r3)). - apply Rmult_le_compat_r. apply H0. apply CRealLt_asym. - apply H1. apply Rmult_lt_compat_l. exact (Rle_lt_trans 0 r1 r2 H H1). + apply Rmult_le_compat_r. apply H0. intro abs. apply (Rlt_asym r1 r2 H1). + apply abs. apply Rmult_lt_compat_l. exact (Rle_lt_trans 0 r1 r2 H H1). exact H2. Qed. @@ -1816,36 +2356,34 @@ Lemma Rmult_ge_compat : r2 >= 0 -> r4 >= 0 -> r1 >= r2 -> r3 >= r4 -> r1 * r3 >= r2 * r4. Proof. auto with creal rorders. Qed. -Lemma IPR_double : forall p:positive, IPR (2*p) == 2 * IPR p. -Proof. - intro p. destruct p. - - reflexivity. - - reflexivity. - - rewrite Rmult_1_r. reflexivity. -Qed. - Lemma mult_IPR_IZR : forall (n:positive) (m:Z), IZR (Z.pos n * m) == IPR n * IZR m. Proof. intros. rewrite mult_IZR. apply Rmult_eq_compat_r. reflexivity. Qed. +Definition IQR (q:Q) : R := + match q with + | Qmake a b => IZR a * (/ (IPR b)) (inr (IPR_pos b)) + end. +Arguments IQR q%Q : simpl never. + Lemma plus_IQR : forall n m:Q, IQR (n + m) == IQR n + IQR m. Proof. intros. destruct n,m; unfold Qplus,IQR; simpl. rewrite plus_IZR. repeat rewrite mult_IZR. - setoid_replace ((/ IPR (Qden * Qden0)) (or_intror (IPR_pos (Qden * Qden0)))) - with ((/ IPR Qden) (or_intror (IPR_pos Qden)) - * (/ IPR Qden0) (or_intror (IPR_pos Qden0))). + setoid_replace ((/ IPR (Qden * Qden0)) (inr (IPR_pos (Qden * Qden0)))) + with ((/ IPR Qden) (inr (IPR_pos Qden)) + * (/ IPR Qden0) (inr (IPR_pos Qden0))). rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_r. repeat rewrite Rmult_assoc. rewrite <- (Rmult_assoc (IZR (Z.pos Qden))). rewrite Rinv_r. rewrite Rmult_1_l. - rewrite (Rmult_comm ((/IPR Qden) (or_intror (IPR_pos Qden)))). + rewrite (Rmult_comm ((/IPR Qden) (inr (IPR_pos Qden)))). rewrite <- (Rmult_assoc (IZR (Z.pos Qden0))). rewrite Rinv_r. rewrite Rmult_1_l. reflexivity. unfold IZR. right. apply IPR_pos. right. apply IPR_pos. rewrite <- (Rinv_mult_distr - _ _ _ _ (or_intror (Rmult_lt_0_compat _ _ (IPR_pos _) (IPR_pos _)))). + _ _ _ _ (inr (Rmult_lt_0_compat _ _ (IPR_pos _) (IPR_pos _)))). apply Rinv_eq_compat. apply mult_IPR. Qed. @@ -1898,7 +2436,7 @@ Proof. apply Rmult_le_compat_l. apply (IZR_le 0 a). unfold Qle in H; simpl in H. rewrite Z.mul_1_r in H. apply H. - apply CRealLt_asym. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. + unfold Rle. apply Rlt_asym. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. Qed. Lemma IQR_le : forall n m:Q, Qle n m -> IQR n <= IQR m. @@ -1910,7 +2448,7 @@ Proof. Qed. Add Parametric Morphism : IQR - with signature Qeq ==> CRealEq + with signature Qeq ==> Req as IQR_morph. Proof. intros. destruct x,y; unfold IQR; simpl. @@ -1928,115 +2466,108 @@ Proof. right. apply IPR_pos. Qed. -Definition Rup_nat (x : CReal) - : { n : nat | x < INR n }. +Instance IQR_morph_T + : CMorphisms.Proper + (CMorphisms.respectful Qeq Req) IQR. Proof. - intros. destruct (Rarchimedean x) as [p [maj _]]. - destruct p. - - exists O. apply maj. - - exists (Pos.to_nat p). rewrite INR_IPR. apply maj. - - exists O. apply (CRealLt_trans _ (IZR (Z.neg p)) _ maj). - apply (IZR_lt _ 0). reflexivity. + intros x y H. destruct x,y; unfold IQR. + unfold Qeq in H; simpl in H. + apply (Rmult_eq_reg_r (IZR (Z.pos Qden))). + 2: right; apply IPR_pos. + rewrite Rmult_assoc, Rinv_l, Rmult_1_r. + rewrite (Rmult_comm (IZR Qnum0)). + apply (Rmult_eq_reg_l (IZR (Z.pos Qden0))). + 2: right; apply IPR_pos. + rewrite <- Rmult_assoc, <- Rmult_assoc, Rinv_r. + rewrite Rmult_1_l. + repeat rewrite <- mult_IZR. + rewrite <- H. rewrite Zmult_comm. reflexivity. + right; apply IPR_pos. Qed. -(* Sharpen the archimedean property : constructive versions of - the usual floor and ceiling functions. - - n is a temporary parameter used for the recursion, - look at Ffloor below. *) -Fixpoint Rfloor_pos (a : CReal) (n : nat) { struct n } +Fixpoint Rfloor_pos (a : R) (n : nat) { struct n } : 0 < a -> a < INR n - -> { p : nat | INR p < a < INR p + 2 }. + -> { p : nat & INR p < a < INR p + 2 }. Proof. (* Decreasing loop on n, until it is the first integer above a. *) intros H H0. destruct n. - - exfalso. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 a); assumption. + - exfalso. apply (Rlt_asym 0 a); assumption. - destruct n as [|p] eqn:des. + (* n = 1 *) exists O. split. - apply H. rewrite Rplus_0_l. apply (CRealLt_trans a (1+0)). - rewrite Rplus_0_r. apply H0. apply Rplus_le_lt_compat. + apply H. rewrite Rplus_0_l. apply (Rlt_trans a (1+0)). + rewrite Rplus_comm, Rplus_0_l. apply H0. + apply Rplus_le_lt_compat. apply Rle_refl. apply Rlt_0_1. + (* n > 1 *) destruct (linear_order_T (INR p) a (INR (S p))). - * rewrite <- Rplus_0_r, S_INR. apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. + * rewrite <- Rplus_0_l, S_INR, Rplus_comm. apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. apply Rlt_0_1. - * exists p. split. exact c. + * exists p. split. exact r. rewrite S_INR, S_INR, Rplus_assoc in H0. exact H0. - * apply (Rfloor_pos a n H). rewrite des. apply c. -Qed. - -Definition Rfloor (a : CReal) - : { p : Z | IZR p < a < IZR p + 2 }. -Proof. - assert (forall x:CReal, 0 < x -> { n : nat | x < INR n }). - { intros. pose proof (Rarchimedean x) as [n [maj _]]. - destruct n. - + exfalso. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 x); assumption. - + exists (Pos.to_nat p). rewrite INR_IPR. apply maj. - + exfalso. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 x). apply H. - apply (CRealLt_trans x (IZR (Z.neg p))). apply maj. - apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (-IZR (Z.neg p))). - rewrite Rplus_opp_r. rewrite <- opp_IZR. - rewrite Rplus_0_l. apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. } + * apply (Rfloor_pos a n H). rewrite des. apply r. +Qed. + +Definition Rfloor (a : R) + : { p : Z & IZR p < a < IZR p + 2 }. +Proof. destruct (linear_order_T 0 a 1 Rlt_0_1). - - destruct (H a c). destruct (Rfloor_pos a x c c0). - exists (Z.of_nat x0). rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. apply a0. - - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r (-a)) in c. - rewrite Rplus_opp_r in c. destruct (H (1-a) c). - destruct (Rfloor_pos (1-a) x c c0). - exists (-(Z.of_nat x0 + 1))%Z. rewrite opp_IZR. - rewrite plus_IZR. simpl. split. + - destruct (Rup_nat a). destruct (Rfloor_pos a x r r0). + exists (Z.of_nat x0). split; rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ; apply p. + - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l (-a)) in r. + rewrite Rplus_comm, Rplus_opp_r, Rplus_comm in r. + destruct (Rup_nat (1-a)). + destruct (Rfloor_pos (1-a) x r r0). + exists (-(Z.of_nat x0 + 1))%Z. split; rewrite opp_IZR, plus_IZR. + rewrite <- (Ropp_involutive a). apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. - destruct a0 as [_ a0]. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r 1). + destruct p as [_ a0]. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r 1). rewrite Rplus_comm, Rplus_assoc. rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. apply a0. - + destruct a0 as [a0 _]. apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l a) in a0. - ring_simplify in a0. rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. + + destruct p as [a0 _]. apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l a) in a0. + unfold Rminus in a0. + rewrite <- (Rplus_comm (1+-a)), Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l, Rplus_0_r in a0. + rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (INR x0)). unfold IZR, IPR, IPR_2. ring_simplify. exact a0. Qed. -Lemma Qplus_same_denom : forall a b c, ((a # c) + (b # c) == (a+b) # c)%Q. -Proof. - intros. unfold Qeq. simpl. rewrite Pos2Z.inj_mul. ring. -Qed. - (* A point in an archimedean field is the limit of a sequence of rational numbers (n maps to the q between - a and a+1/n). This will yield a maximum - archimedean field, which is the field of real numbers. *) -Definition FQ_dense_pos (a b : CReal) - : 0 < b - -> a < b -> { q : Q | a < IQR q < b }. + a and a+1/n). This is how real numbers compute, + and they are measured by exact rational numbers. *) +Definition RQ_dense (a b : R) + : a < b -> { q : Q & a < IQR q < b }. Proof. - intros H H0. + intros H0. assert (0 < b - a) as epsPos. { apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r (-a)) in H0. rewrite Rplus_opp_r in H0. apply H0. } - pose proof (Rarchimedean ((/(b-a)) (or_intror epsPos))) - as [n [maj _]]. - destruct n as [|n|n]. + pose proof (Rup_nat ((/(b-a)) (inr epsPos))) + as [n maj]. + destruct n as [|k]. - exfalso. apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l (b-a)) in maj. 2: apply epsPos. rewrite Rmult_0_r in maj. rewrite Rinv_r in maj. - apply (CRealLt_asym 0 1). apply Rlt_0_1. apply maj. - right. exact epsPos. + apply (Rlt_asym 0 1). apply Rlt_0_1. apply maj. + right. apply epsPos. - (* 0 < n *) + pose (Pos.of_nat (S k)) as n. destruct (Rfloor (IZR (2 * Z.pos n) * b)) as [p maj2]. exists (p # (2*n))%Q. split. - + apply (CRealLt_trans a (b - IQR (1 # n))). + + apply (Rlt_trans a (b - IQR (1 # n))). apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1#n))). - unfold CReal_minus. rewrite Rplus_assoc. rewrite Rplus_opp_l. + unfold Rminus,CRminus. rewrite Rplus_assoc. rewrite Rplus_opp_l. rewrite Rplus_0_r. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l (-a)). - rewrite <- Rplus_assoc. rewrite Rplus_opp_l. rewrite Rplus_0_l. + rewrite <- Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l, Rplus_0_l. rewrite Rplus_comm. unfold IQR. - rewrite Rmult_1_l. apply (Rmult_lt_reg_l (IZR (Z.pos n))). - apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. rewrite Rinv_r. - apply (Rmult_lt_compat_r (b-a)) in maj. rewrite Rinv_l in maj. - apply maj. exact epsPos. + rewrite Rmult_1_l. apply (Rmult_lt_reg_l (IPR n)). + apply IPR_pos. rewrite Rinv_r. + apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l (b-a)) in maj. + rewrite Rinv_r, Rmult_comm in maj. + rewrite <- INR_IPR. unfold n. rewrite Nat2Pos.id. + apply maj. discriminate. right. exact epsPos. exact epsPos. right. apply IPR_pos. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1 # n))). - unfold CReal_minus. rewrite Rplus_assoc. rewrite Rplus_opp_l. + unfold Rminus,CRminus. rewrite Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l. rewrite Rplus_0_r. rewrite <- plus_IQR. destruct maj2 as [_ maj2]. setoid_replace ((p # 2 * n) + (1 # n))%Q @@ -2046,47 +2577,95 @@ Proof. rewrite Rinv_l. rewrite Rmult_1_r. rewrite Rmult_comm. rewrite plus_IZR. apply maj2. setoid_replace (1#n)%Q with (2#2*n)%Q. 2: reflexivity. - apply Qplus_same_denom. + apply Qinv_plus_distr. + destruct maj2 as [maj2 _]. unfold IQR. apply (Rmult_lt_reg_r (IZR (Z.pos (2 * n)))). - apply (IZR_lt 0). apply Pos2Z.is_pos. rewrite Rmult_assoc. rewrite Rinv_l. - rewrite Rmult_1_r. rewrite Rmult_comm. apply maj2. - - exfalso. - apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l (b-a)) in maj. 2: apply epsPos. - rewrite Rinv_r in maj. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 1). apply Rlt_0_1. - apply (CRealLt_trans 1 ((b - a) * IZR (Z.neg n)) _ maj). - rewrite <- (Rmult_0_r (b-a)). - apply Rmult_lt_compat_l. apply epsPos. apply (IZR_lt _ 0). reflexivity. - right. apply epsPos. + apply (IZR_lt 0). apply Pos2Z.is_pos. rewrite Rmult_assoc, Rinv_l. + rewrite Rmult_1_r, Rmult_comm. apply maj2. +Qed. + +Definition RQ_limit : forall (x : R) (n:nat), + { q:Q & x < IQR q < x + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat n) }. +Proof. + intros x n. apply (RQ_dense x (x + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat n))). + rewrite <- (Rplus_0_r x). rewrite Rplus_assoc. + apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. rewrite Rplus_0_l. apply IQR_pos. + reflexivity. Qed. -Definition FQ_dense (a b : CReal) - : a < b - -> { q : Q | a < IQR q < b }. -Proof. - intros H. destruct (linear_order_T a 0 b). apply H. - - destruct (FQ_dense_pos (-b) (-a)) as [q maj]. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l (-a)) in c. rewrite Rplus_opp_l in c. - rewrite Rplus_0_r in c. apply c. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r (-a)) in H. - rewrite Rplus_opp_r in H. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l (-b)) in H. rewrite <- Rplus_assoc in H. - rewrite Rplus_opp_l in H. rewrite Rplus_0_l in H. - rewrite Rplus_0_r in H. apply H. - exists (-q)%Q. split. - + destruct maj as [_ maj]. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r (-IQR q)) in maj. - rewrite Rplus_opp_r in maj. rewrite <- opp_IQR in maj. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l a) in maj. rewrite <- Rplus_assoc in maj. - rewrite Rplus_opp_r in maj. rewrite Rplus_0_l in maj. - rewrite Rplus_0_r in maj. apply maj. - + destruct maj as [maj _]. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r (-IQR q)) in maj. - rewrite Rplus_opp_r in maj. rewrite <- opp_IQR in maj. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l b) in maj. rewrite <- Rplus_assoc in maj. - rewrite Rplus_opp_r in maj. rewrite Rplus_0_l in maj. - rewrite Rplus_0_r in maj. apply maj. - - apply FQ_dense_pos. apply c. apply H. +(* Rlt is decided by the LPO in Type, + which is a non-constructive oracle. *) +Lemma Rlt_lpo_dec : forall x y : R, + (forall (P : nat -> Prop), (forall n, {P n} + {~P n}) + -> {n | ~P n} + {forall n, P n}) + -> (x < y) + (y <= x). +Proof. + intros x y lpo. + pose (fun n => let (l,_) := RQ_limit x n in l) as xn. + pose (fun n => let (l,_) := RQ_limit y n in l) as yn. + destruct (lpo (fun n:nat => Qle (yn n - xn n) (1 # Pos.of_nat n))). + - intro n. destruct (Qlt_le_dec (1 # Pos.of_nat n) (yn n - xn n)). + right. apply Qlt_not_le. exact q. left. exact q. + - left. destruct s as [n nmaj]. unfold xn,yn in nmaj. + destruct (RQ_limit x n), (RQ_limit y n); unfold proj1_sig in nmaj. + apply Qnot_le_lt in nmaj. + apply (Rlt_le_trans x (IQR x0)). apply p. + apply (Rle_trans _ (IQR (x1 - (1# Pos.of_nat n)))). + apply IQR_le. apply (Qplus_le_l _ _ ((1#Pos.of_nat n) - x0)). + ring_simplify. ring_simplify in nmaj. rewrite Qplus_comm. + apply Qlt_le_weak. exact nmaj. + unfold Qminus. rewrite plus_IQR,opp_IQR. + apply (Rplus_le_reg_r (IQR (1#Pos.of_nat n))). + ring_simplify. unfold Rle. apply Rlt_asym. rewrite Rplus_comm. apply p0. + - right. intro abs. + pose ((y - x) * IQR (1#2)) as eps. + assert (0 < eps) as epsPos. + { apply Rmult_lt_0_compat. apply Rgt_minus. exact abs. + apply IQR_pos. reflexivity. } + destruct (Rup_nat ((/eps) (inr epsPos))) as [n nmaj]. + specialize (q (S n)). unfold xn, yn in q. + destruct (RQ_limit x (S n)) as [a amaj], (RQ_limit y (S n)) as [b bmaj]; + unfold proj1_sig in q. + assert (IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat (S n)) < eps). + { unfold IQR. rewrite Rmult_1_l. + apply (Rmult_lt_reg_l (IPR (Pos.of_nat (S n)))). apply IPR_pos. + rewrite Rinv_r, <- INR_IPR, Nat2Pos.id. 2: discriminate. + apply (Rlt_trans _ _ (INR (S n))) in nmaj. + apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l eps) in nmaj. + rewrite Rinv_r, Rmult_comm in nmaj. exact nmaj. + right. exact epsPos. exact epsPos. apply lt_INR. apply le_n_S, le_refl. + right. apply IPR_pos. } + unfold eps in H. apply (Rlt_asym y (IQR b)). + + apply bmaj. + + apply (Rlt_le_trans _ (IQR a + (y - x) * IQR (1 # 2))). + apply IQR_le in q. + apply (Rle_lt_trans _ _ _ q) in H. + apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l (-IQR a)). + rewrite <- Rplus_assoc, Rplus_opp_l, Rplus_0_l, Rplus_comm, + <- opp_IQR, <- plus_IQR. exact H. + apply (Rplus_lt_compat_l x) in H. + destruct amaj. apply (Rlt_trans _ _ _ r0) in H. + apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r ((y - x) * IQR (1 # 2))) in H. + unfold Rle. apply Rlt_asym. + setoid_replace (x + (y - x) * IQR (1 # 2) + (y - x) * IQR (1 # 2)) with y in H. + exact H. + rewrite Rplus_assoc, <- Rmult_plus_distr_r. + setoid_replace (y - x + (y - x)) with ((y-x)*2). + unfold IQR. rewrite Rmult_1_l, Rmult_assoc, Rinv_r. ring. + right. apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. + unfold IZR, IPR, IPR_2. ring. +Qed. + +Lemma Rlt_lpo_floor : forall x : R, + (forall (P : nat -> Prop), (forall n, {P n} + {~P n}) + -> {n | ~P n} + {forall n, P n}) + -> { p : Z & IZR p <= x < IZR p + 1 }. +Proof. + intros x lpo. destruct (Rfloor x) as [n [H H0]]. + destruct (Rlt_lpo_dec x (IZR n + 1) lpo). + - exists n. split. unfold Rle. apply Rlt_asym. exact H. exact r. + - exists (n+1)%Z. split. rewrite plus_IZR. exact r. + rewrite plus_IZR, Rplus_assoc. exact H0. Qed. @@ -2099,7 +2678,7 @@ Qed. Lemma Rinv_le_contravar : forall x y (xpos : 0 < x) (ynz : y # 0), - x <= y -> (/ y) ynz <= (/ x) (or_intror xpos). + x <= y -> (/ y) ynz <= (/ x) (inr xpos). Proof. intros. intro abs. apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l x) in abs. 2: apply xpos. rewrite Rinv_r in abs. @@ -2111,7 +2690,7 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma Rle_Rinv : forall x y (xpos : 0 < x) (ypos : 0 < y), - x <= y -> (/ y) (or_intror ypos) <= (/ x) (or_intror xpos). + x <= y -> (/ y) (inr ypos) <= (/ x) (inr xpos). Proof. intros. apply Rinv_le_contravar with (1 := H). @@ -2130,12 +2709,12 @@ Qed. Lemma Rlt_0_2 : 0 < 2. Proof. - apply (CRealLt_trans 0 (0+1)). rewrite Rplus_0_l. exact Rlt_0_1. + apply (Rlt_trans 0 (0+1)). rewrite Rplus_0_l. exact Rlt_0_1. apply Rplus_lt_le_compat. exact Rlt_0_1. apply Rle_refl. Qed. -Lemma double_var : forall r1, r1 == r1 * (/ 2) (or_intror Rlt_0_2) - + r1 * (/ 2) (or_intror Rlt_0_2). +Lemma double_var : forall r1, r1 == r1 * (/ 2) (inr Rlt_0_2) + + r1 * (/ 2) (inr Rlt_0_2). Proof. intro; rewrite <- double; rewrite <- Rmult_assoc; symmetry ; apply Rinv_r_simpl_m. @@ -2143,7 +2722,7 @@ Qed. (* IZR : Z -> R is a ring morphism *) Lemma R_rm : ring_morph - 0 1 CReal_plus CReal_mult CReal_minus CReal_opp CRealEq + 0 1 Rplus Rmult Rminus Ropp Req 0%Z 1%Z Zplus Zmult Zminus Z.opp Zeq_bool IZR. Proof. constructor ; try easy. @@ -2174,7 +2753,7 @@ Lemma Rmult_ge_0_gt_0_lt_compat : r3 >= 0 -> r2 > 0 -> r1 < r2 -> r3 < r4 -> r1 * r3 < r2 * r4. Proof. intros. apply (Rle_lt_trans _ (r2 * r3)). - apply Rmult_le_compat_r. apply H. apply CRealLt_asym. apply H1. + apply Rmult_le_compat_r. apply H. unfold Rle. apply Rlt_asym. apply H1. apply Rmult_lt_compat_l. apply H0. apply H2. Qed. @@ -2182,11 +2761,11 @@ Lemma le_epsilon : forall r1 r2, (forall eps, 0 < eps -> r1 <= r2 + eps) -> r1 <= r2. Proof. intros x y H. intro abs. - assert (0 < (x - y) * (/ 2) (or_intror Rlt_0_2)). + assert (0 < (x - y) * (/ 2) (inr Rlt_0_2)). { apply (Rplus_lt_compat_r (-y)) in abs. rewrite Rplus_opp_r in abs. apply Rmult_lt_0_compat. exact abs. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. } - specialize (H ((x - y) * (/ 2) (or_intror Rlt_0_2)) H0). + specialize (H ((x - y) * (/ 2) (inr Rlt_0_2)) H0). apply (Rmult_le_compat_l 2) in H. rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_l in H. apply (Rplus_le_compat_l (-x)) in H. @@ -2194,12 +2773,12 @@ Proof. (Rmult_plus_distr_r 1 1), (Rmult_plus_distr_r 1 1) in H. ring_simplify in H; contradiction. - right. apply Rlt_0_2. apply CRealLt_asym. apply Rlt_0_2. + right. apply Rlt_0_2. unfold Rle. apply Rlt_asym. apply Rlt_0_2. Qed. (**********) Lemma Rdiv_lt_0_compat : forall a b (bpos : 0 < b), - 0 < a -> 0 < a * (/b) (or_intror bpos). + 0 < a -> 0 < a * (/b) (inr bpos). Proof. intros; apply Rmult_lt_0_compat;[|apply Rinv_0_lt_compat]; assumption. Qed. @@ -2213,7 +2792,9 @@ Qed. Lemma Rdiv_minus_distr : forall a b c (cnz : c # 0), (a - b)* (/c) cnz == a* (/c) cnz - b* (/c) cnz. Proof. - intros; unfold CReal_minus; rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_r; ring. + intros; unfold Rminus,CRminus; rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_r. + apply Rplus_morph. reflexivity. + rewrite Ropp_mult_distr_l. reflexivity. Qed. @@ -2222,14 +2803,14 @@ Qed. (*********************************************************) Record nonnegreal : Type := mknonnegreal - {nonneg :> CReal; cond_nonneg : 0 <= nonneg}. + {nonneg :> R; cond_nonneg : 0 <= nonneg}. -Record posreal : Type := mkposreal {pos :> CReal; cond_pos : 0 < pos}. +Record posreal : Type := mkposreal {pos :> R; cond_pos : 0 < pos}. Record nonposreal : Type := mknonposreal - {nonpos :> CReal; cond_nonpos : nonpos <= 0}. + {nonpos :> R; cond_nonpos : nonpos <= 0}. -Record negreal : Type := mknegreal {neg :> CReal; cond_neg : neg < 0}. +Record negreal : Type := mknegreal {neg :> R; cond_neg : neg < 0}. Record nonzeroreal : Type := mknonzeroreal - {nonzero :> CReal; cond_nonzero : nonzero <> 0}. + {nonzero :> R; cond_nonzero : nonzero <> 0}. diff --git a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRcomplete.v b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRcomplete.v index 9fb98a528b..ce45bcd567 100644 --- a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRcomplete.v +++ b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRcomplete.v @@ -12,16 +12,16 @@ Require Import QArith_base. Require Import Qabs. Require Import ConstructiveCauchyReals. -Require Import ConstructiveRIneq. +Require Import Logic.ConstructiveEpsilon. -Local Open Scope R_scope_constr. +Local Open Scope CReal_scope. -Lemma CReal_absSmall : forall x y : CReal, - (exists n : positive, Qlt (2 # n) - (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n) - Qabs (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n)))) - -> (CRealLt (CReal_opp x) y /\ CRealLt y x). +Lemma CReal_absSmall : forall (x y : CReal) (n : positive), + (Qlt (2 # n) + (proj1_sig x (Pos.to_nat n) - Qabs (proj1_sig y (Pos.to_nat n)))) + -> (CRealLt (CReal_opp x) y * CRealLt y x). Proof. - intros. destruct H as [n maj]. split. + intros x y n maj. split. - exists n. destruct x as [xn caux], y as [yn cauy]; simpl. simpl in maj. unfold Qminus. rewrite Qopp_involutive. rewrite Qplus_comm. @@ -35,120 +35,191 @@ Proof. apply maj. apply Qplus_le_r. apply Qopp_le_compat. apply Qle_Qabs. Qed. +Definition absSmall (a b : CReal) : Set + := -b < a < b. + Definition Un_cv_mod (un : nat -> CReal) (l : CReal) : Set := forall n : positive, - { p : nat | forall i:nat, le p i - -> -IQR (1#n) < un i - l < IQR (1#n) }. + { p : nat & forall i:nat, le p i -> absSmall (un i - l) (IQR (1#n)) }. Lemma Un_cv_mod_eq : forall (v u : nat -> CReal) (s : CReal), (forall n:nat, u n == v n) -> Un_cv_mod u s -> Un_cv_mod v s. Proof. intros v u s seq H1 p. specialize (H1 p) as [N H0]. - exists N. intros. rewrite <- seq. apply H0. apply H. + exists N. intros. unfold absSmall. split. + rewrite <- seq. apply H0. apply H. + rewrite <- seq. apply H0. apply H. Qed. -Lemma IQR_double_inv : forall n : positive, - IQR (1 # 2*n) + IQR (1 # 2*n) == IQR (1 # n). +Definition Un_cauchy_mod (un : nat -> CReal) : Set + := forall n : positive, + { p : nat & forall i j:nat, le p i + -> le p j + -> -IQR (1#n) < un i - un j < IQR (1#n) }. + + +(* Sharpen the archimedean property : constructive versions of + the usual floor and ceiling functions. + + n is a temporary parameter used for the recursion, + look at Ffloor below. *) +Fixpoint Rfloor_pos (a : CReal) (n : nat) { struct n } + : 0 < a + -> a < INR n + -> { p : nat & INR p < a < INR p + 2 }. Proof. - intros. apply (Rmult_eq_reg_l (IPR (2*n))). - unfold IQR. do 2 rewrite Rmult_1_l. - rewrite Rmult_plus_distr_l, Rinv_r, IPR_double, Rmult_assoc, Rinv_r. - rewrite (Rmult_plus_distr_r 1 1). ring. - right. apply IPR_pos. - right. apply IPR_pos. - right. apply IPR_pos. + (* Decreasing loop on n, until it is the first integer above a. *) + intros H H0. destruct n. + - exfalso. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 a); assumption. + - destruct n as [|p] eqn:des. + + (* n = 1 *) exists O. split. + apply H. rewrite CReal_plus_0_l. apply (CRealLt_trans a (1+0)). + rewrite CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_0_l. apply H0. + apply CReal_plus_le_lt_compat. + apply CRealLe_refl. apply CRealLt_0_1. + + (* n > 1 *) + destruct (linear_order_T (INR p) a (INR (S p))). + * rewrite <- CReal_plus_0_l, S_INR, CReal_plus_comm. apply CReal_plus_lt_compat_l. + apply CRealLt_0_1. + * exists p. split. exact c. + rewrite S_INR, S_INR, CReal_plus_assoc in H0. exact H0. + * apply (Rfloor_pos a n H). rewrite des. apply c. Qed. -Lemma CV_mod_plus : - forall (An Bn:nat -> CReal) (l1 l2:CReal), - Un_cv_mod An l1 -> Un_cv_mod Bn l2 - -> Un_cv_mod (fun i:nat => An i + Bn i) (l1 + l2). +Definition Rfloor (a : CReal) + : { p : Z & IZR p < a < IZR p + 2 }. Proof. - assert (forall x:CReal, x + x == 2*x) as double. - { intro. rewrite (Rmult_plus_distr_r 1 1), Rmult_1_l. reflexivity. } - intros. intros n. - destruct (H (2*n)%positive). - destruct (H0 (2*n)%positive). - exists (Nat.max x x0). intros. - setoid_replace (An i + Bn i - (l1 + l2)) - with (An i - l1 + (Bn i - l2)). 2: ring. - rewrite <- IQR_double_inv. split. - - rewrite Ropp_plus_distr. - apply Rplus_lt_compat. apply a. apply (le_trans _ (max x x0)). - apply Nat.le_max_l. apply H1. - apply a0. apply (le_trans _ (max x x0)). - apply Nat.le_max_r. apply H1. - - apply Rplus_lt_compat. apply a. apply (le_trans _ (max x x0)). - apply Nat.le_max_l. apply H1. - apply a0. apply (le_trans _ (max x x0)). - apply Nat.le_max_r. apply H1. + assert (forall x:CReal, 0 < x -> { n : nat & x < INR n }). + { intros. pose proof (Rarchimedean x) as [n [maj _]]. + destruct n. + + exfalso. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 x); assumption. + + exists (Pos.to_nat p). rewrite INR_IPR. apply maj. + + exfalso. apply (CRealLt_asym 0 x). apply H. + apply (CRealLt_trans x (IZR (Z.neg p))). apply maj. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (-IZR (Z.neg p))). + rewrite CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_opp_r. rewrite <- opp_IZR. + rewrite CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_0_l. + apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. } + destruct (linear_order_T 0 a 1 CRealLt_0_1). + - destruct (H a c). destruct (Rfloor_pos a x c c0). + exists (Z.of_nat x0). split; rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ; apply p. + - apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-a)) in c. + rewrite CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_opp_r, CReal_plus_comm in c. + destruct (H (1-a) c). + destruct (Rfloor_pos (1-a) x c c0). + exists (-(Z.of_nat x0 + 1))%Z. split; rewrite opp_IZR, plus_IZR. + + rewrite <- (CReal_opp_involutive a). apply CReal_opp_gt_lt_contravar. + destruct p as [_ a0]. apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r 1). + rewrite CReal_plus_comm, CReal_plus_assoc. rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. apply a0. + + destruct p as [a0 _]. apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l a) in a0. + unfold CReal_minus in a0. + rewrite <- (CReal_plus_comm (1+-a)), CReal_plus_assoc, CReal_plus_opp_l, CReal_plus_0_r in a0. + rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r (INR x0)). unfold IZR, IPR, IPR_2. + ring_simplify. exact a0. Qed. -Lemma Un_cv_mod_const : forall x : CReal, - Un_cv_mod (fun _ => x) x. +Definition Rup_nat (x : CReal) + : { n : nat & x < INR n }. Proof. - intros. intro p. exists O. intros. - unfold CReal_minus. rewrite Rplus_opp_r. - split. rewrite <- Ropp_0. - apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. unfold IQR. rewrite Rmult_1_l. - apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. unfold IQR. rewrite Rmult_1_l. - apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. + intros. destruct (Rarchimedean x) as [p [maj _]]. + destruct p. + - exists O. apply maj. + - exists (Pos.to_nat p). rewrite INR_IPR. apply maj. + - exists O. apply (CRealLt_trans _ (IZR (Z.neg p)) _ maj). + apply (IZR_lt _ 0). reflexivity. Qed. -(** Unicity of limit for convergent sequences *) -Lemma UL_sequence_mod : - forall (Un:nat -> CReal) (l1 l2:CReal), - Un_cv_mod Un l1 -> Un_cv_mod Un l2 -> l1 == l2. +(* A point in an archimedean field is the limit of a + sequence of rational numbers (n maps to the q between + a and a+1/n). This will yield a maximum + archimedean field, which is the field of real numbers. *) +Definition FQ_dense_pos (a b : CReal) + : 0 < b + -> a < b -> { q : Q & a < IQR q < b }. Proof. - assert (forall (Un:nat -> CReal) (l1 l2:CReal), - Un_cv_mod Un l1 -> Un_cv_mod Un l2 - -> l1 <= l2). - - intros Un l1 l2; unfold Un_cv_mod; intros. intro abs. - assert (0 < l1 - l2) as epsPos. - { apply Rgt_minus. apply abs. } - destruct (Rup_nat ((/(l1-l2)) (or_intror epsPos))) as [n nmaj]. - assert (lt 0 n) as nPos. - { apply (INR_lt 0). apply (Rlt_trans _ ((/ (l1 - l2)) (or_intror epsPos))). - 2: apply nmaj. apply Rinv_0_lt_compat. } - specialize (H (2*Pos.of_nat n)%positive) as [i imaj]. - specialize (H0 (2*Pos.of_nat n))%positive as [j jmaj]. - specialize (imaj (max i j) (Nat.le_max_l _ _)) as [imaj _]. - specialize (jmaj (max i j) (Nat.le_max_r _ _)) as [_ jmaj]. - apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar in imaj. rewrite Ropp_involutive in imaj. - unfold CReal_minus in imaj. rewrite Ropp_plus_distr in imaj. - rewrite Ropp_involutive in imaj. rewrite Rplus_comm in imaj. - apply (Rplus_lt_compat _ _ _ _ imaj) in jmaj. - clear imaj. - rewrite Rplus_assoc in jmaj. unfold CReal_minus in jmaj. - rewrite <- (Rplus_assoc (- Un (Init.Nat.max i j))) in jmaj. - rewrite Rplus_opp_l in jmaj. - rewrite <- double in jmaj. rewrite Rplus_0_l in jmaj. - rewrite (Rmult_plus_distr_r 1 1), Rmult_1_l, IQR_double_inv in jmaj. - unfold IQR in jmaj. rewrite Rmult_1_l in jmaj. - apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l (IPR (Pos.of_nat n))) in jmaj. - rewrite Rinv_r, <- INR_IPR, Nat2Pos.id in jmaj. - apply (Rmult_lt_compat_l (l1-l2)) in nmaj. - rewrite Rinv_r in nmaj. rewrite Rmult_comm in jmaj. - apply (CRealLt_asym 1 ((l1-l2)*INR n)); assumption. - right. apply epsPos. apply epsPos. - intro abss. subst n. inversion nPos. - right. apply IPR_pos. apply IPR_pos. - - intros. split; apply (H Un); assumption. + intros H H0. + assert (0 < b - a) as epsPos. + { apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-a)) in H0. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l, CReal_plus_comm in H0. + apply H0. } + pose proof (Rup_nat ((/(b-a)) (inr epsPos))) + as [n maj]. + destruct n as [|k]. + - exfalso. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l (b-a)) in maj. 2: apply epsPos. + rewrite CReal_mult_0_r in maj. rewrite CReal_inv_r in maj. + apply (CRealLt_asym 0 1). apply CRealLt_0_1. apply maj. + - (* 0 < n *) + pose (Pos.of_nat (S k)) as n. + destruct (Rfloor (IZR (2 * Z.pos n) * b)) as [p maj2]. + exists (p # (2*n))%Q. split. + + apply (CRealLt_trans a (b - IQR (1 # n))). + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1#n))). + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite CReal_plus_assoc. rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l. + rewrite CReal_plus_0_r. apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (-a)). + rewrite <- CReal_plus_assoc, CReal_plus_opp_l, CReal_plus_0_l. + rewrite CReal_plus_comm. unfold IQR. + rewrite CReal_mult_1_l. apply (CReal_mult_lt_reg_l (IPR n)). + apply IPR_pos. rewrite CReal_inv_r. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_compat_l (b-a)) in maj. + rewrite CReal_inv_r, CReal_mult_comm in maj. + rewrite <- INR_IPR. unfold n. rewrite Nat2Pos.id. + apply maj. discriminate. exact epsPos. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1 # n))). + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite CReal_plus_assoc, CReal_plus_opp_l. + rewrite CReal_plus_0_r. rewrite <- plus_IQR. + destruct maj2 as [_ maj2]. + setoid_replace ((p # 2 * n) + (1 # n))%Q + with ((p + 2 # 2 * n))%Q. unfold IQR. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_reg_r (IZR (Z.pos (2 * n)))). + apply (IZR_lt 0). reflexivity. rewrite CReal_mult_assoc. + rewrite CReal_inv_l. rewrite CReal_mult_1_r. rewrite CReal_mult_comm. + rewrite plus_IZR. apply maj2. + setoid_replace (1#n)%Q with (2#2*n)%Q. 2: reflexivity. + apply Qinv_plus_distr. + + destruct maj2 as [maj2 _]. unfold IQR. + apply (CReal_mult_lt_reg_r (IZR (Z.pos (2 * n)))). + apply (IZR_lt 0). apply Pos2Z.is_pos. rewrite CReal_mult_assoc, CReal_inv_l. + rewrite CReal_mult_1_r, CReal_mult_comm. apply maj2. Qed. -Definition Un_cauchy_mod (un : nat -> CReal) : Set - := forall n : positive, - { p : nat | forall i j:nat, le p i - -> le p j - -> -IQR (1#n) < un i - un j < IQR (1#n) }. +Definition FQ_dense (a b : CReal) + : a < b + -> { q : Q & a < IQR q < b }. +Proof. + intros H. destruct (linear_order_T a 0 b). apply H. + - destruct (FQ_dense_pos (-b) (-a)) as [q maj]. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-a)) in c. rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l in c. + rewrite CReal_plus_0_r in c. apply c. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-a)) in H. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l, CReal_plus_comm in H. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-b)) in H. rewrite <- CReal_plus_assoc in H. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l in H. rewrite CReal_plus_0_l in H. + rewrite CReal_plus_0_r in H. apply H. + exists (-q)%Q. split. + + destruct maj as [_ maj]. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-IQR q)) in maj. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l, <- opp_IQR, CReal_plus_comm in maj. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l a) in maj. rewrite <- CReal_plus_assoc in maj. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_r, CReal_plus_0_l in maj. + rewrite CReal_plus_0_r in maj. apply maj. + + destruct maj as [maj _]. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (-IQR q)) in maj. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l, <- opp_IQR, CReal_plus_comm in maj. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l b) in maj. rewrite <- CReal_plus_assoc in maj. + rewrite CReal_plus_opp_r in maj. rewrite CReal_plus_0_l in maj. + rewrite CReal_plus_0_r in maj. apply maj. + - apply FQ_dense_pos. apply c. apply H. +Qed. Definition RQ_limit : forall (x : CReal) (n:nat), - { q:Q | x < IQR q < x + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat n) }. + { q:Q & x < IQR q < x + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat n) }. Proof. intros x n. apply (FQ_dense x (x + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat n))). - rewrite <- (Rplus_0_r x). rewrite Rplus_assoc. - apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. rewrite Rplus_0_l. apply IQR_pos. + rewrite <- (CReal_plus_0_r x). rewrite CReal_plus_assoc. + apply CReal_plus_lt_compat_l. rewrite CReal_plus_0_l. apply IQR_pos. reflexivity. Qed. @@ -160,7 +231,7 @@ Definition Un_cauchy_Q (xn : nat -> Q) : Set Lemma Rdiag_cauchy_sequence : forall (xn : nat -> CReal), Un_cauchy_mod xn - -> Un_cauchy_Q (fun n => proj1_sig (RQ_limit (xn n) n)). + -> Un_cauchy_Q (fun n => let (l,_) := RQ_limit (xn n) n in l). Proof. intros xn H p. specialize (H (2 * p)%positive) as [k cv]. exists (max k (2 * Pos.to_nat p)). intros. @@ -171,60 +242,71 @@ Proof. apply Nat.le_max_l. apply H0. split. - apply lt_IQR. unfold Qminus. - apply (Rlt_trans _ (xn p0 - (xn q + IQR (1 # 2 * p)))). - + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite Ropp_plus_distr. unfold CReal_minus. - rewrite <- Rplus_assoc. - apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). - rewrite Rplus_assoc. rewrite Rplus_opp_l. rewrite Rplus_0_r. + apply (CRealLt_trans _ (xn p0 - (xn q + IQR (1 # 2 * p)))). + + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite CReal_opp_plus_distr. unfold CReal_minus. + rewrite <- CReal_plus_assoc. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). + rewrite CReal_plus_assoc. rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l. rewrite CReal_plus_0_r. rewrite <- plus_IQR. setoid_replace (- (1 # p) + (1 # 2 * p))%Q with (- (1 # 2 * p))%Q. - rewrite opp_IQR. exact H1. + rewrite opp_IQR. exact c. rewrite Qplus_comm. setoid_replace (1#p)%Q with (2 # 2 *p)%Q. rewrite Qinv_minus_distr. reflexivity. reflexivity. - + rewrite plus_IQR. apply Rplus_lt_compat. - destruct (RQ_limit (xn p0) p0); simpl. apply a. + + rewrite plus_IQR. apply CReal_plus_le_lt_compat. + apply CRealLt_asym. + destruct (RQ_limit (xn p0) p0); simpl. apply p1. destruct (RQ_limit (xn q) q); unfold proj1_sig. - rewrite opp_IQR. apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. - apply (Rlt_le_trans _ (xn q + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat q))). - apply a. apply Rplus_le_compat_l. apply IQR_le. + rewrite opp_IQR. apply CReal_opp_gt_lt_contravar. + apply (CRealLt_Le_trans _ (xn q + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat q))). + apply p1. apply CReal_plus_le_compat_l. apply IQR_le. apply Z2Nat.inj_le. discriminate. discriminate. simpl. assert ((Pos.to_nat p~0 <= q)%nat). { apply (le_trans _ (Init.Nat.max k (2 * Pos.to_nat p))). 2: apply H0. replace (p~0)%positive with (2*p)%positive. 2: reflexivity. rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_mul. apply Nat.le_max_r. } - rewrite Nat2Pos.id. apply H3. intro abs. subst q. - inversion H3. pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos (p~0)). - rewrite H5 in H4. inversion H4. + rewrite Nat2Pos.id. apply H1. intro abs. subst q. + inversion H1. pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos (p~0)). + rewrite H3 in H2. inversion H2. - apply lt_IQR. unfold Qminus. - apply (Rlt_trans _ (xn p0 + IQR (1 # 2 * p) - xn q)). - + rewrite plus_IQR. apply Rplus_lt_compat. + apply (CRealLt_trans _ (xn p0 + IQR (1 # 2 * p) - xn q)). + + rewrite plus_IQR. apply CReal_plus_le_lt_compat. + apply CRealLt_asym. destruct (RQ_limit (xn p0) p0); unfold proj1_sig. - apply (Rlt_le_trans _ (xn p0 + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat p0))). - apply a. apply Rplus_le_compat_l. apply IQR_le. + apply (CRealLt_Le_trans _ (xn p0 + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat p0))). + apply p1. apply CReal_plus_le_compat_l. apply IQR_le. apply Z2Nat.inj_le. discriminate. discriminate. simpl. assert ((Pos.to_nat p~0 <= p0)%nat). { apply (le_trans _ (Init.Nat.max k (2 * Pos.to_nat p))). 2: apply H. replace (p~0)%positive with (2*p)%positive. 2: reflexivity. rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_mul. apply Nat.le_max_r. } - rewrite Nat2Pos.id. apply H3. intro abs. subst p0. - inversion H3. pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos (p~0)). - rewrite H5 in H4. inversion H4. - rewrite opp_IQR. apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. - destruct (RQ_limit (xn q) q); simpl. apply a. - + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite (Rplus_comm (xn p0)). - rewrite Rplus_assoc. - apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l (- IQR (1 # 2 * p))). - rewrite <- Rplus_assoc. rewrite Rplus_opp_l. rewrite Rplus_0_l. + rewrite Nat2Pos.id. apply H1. intro abs. subst p0. + inversion H1. pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos (p~0)). + rewrite H3 in H2. inversion H2. + rewrite opp_IQR. apply CReal_opp_gt_lt_contravar. + destruct (RQ_limit (xn q) q); simpl. apply p1. + + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite (CReal_plus_comm (xn p0)). + rewrite CReal_plus_assoc. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (- IQR (1 # 2 * p))). + rewrite <- CReal_plus_assoc. rewrite CReal_plus_opp_l. rewrite CReal_plus_0_l. rewrite <- opp_IQR. rewrite <- plus_IQR. setoid_replace (- (1 # 2 * p) + (1 # p))%Q with (1 # 2 * p)%Q. - exact H2. rewrite Qplus_comm. + exact c0. rewrite Qplus_comm. setoid_replace (1#p)%Q with (2 # 2*p)%Q. rewrite Qinv_minus_distr. reflexivity. reflexivity. Qed. +Lemma doubleLtCovariant : forall a b c d e f : CReal, + a == b -> c == d -> e == f + -> (a < c < e) + -> (b < d < f). +Proof. + split. rewrite <- H. rewrite <- H0. apply H2. + rewrite <- H0. rewrite <- H1. apply H2. +Qed. + (* An element of CReal is a Cauchy sequence of rational numbers, show that it converges to itself in CReal. *) Lemma CReal_cv_self : forall (qn : nat -> Q) (x : CReal) (cvmod : positive -> nat), @@ -233,11 +315,12 @@ Lemma CReal_cv_self : forall (qn : nat -> Q) (x : CReal) (cvmod : positive -> na Proof. intros qn x cvmod H p. specialize (H (2*p)%positive). exists (cvmod (2*p)%positive). - intros p0 H0. unfold CReal_minus. rewrite FinjectQ_CReal. - setoid_replace (IQR (qn p0)) with (inject_Q (qn p0)). - 2: apply FinjectQ_CReal. - apply CReal_absSmall. - exists (Pos.max (4 * p)%positive (Pos.of_nat (cvmod (2 * p)%positive))). + intros p0 H0. unfold absSmall, CReal_minus. + apply (doubleLtCovariant (-inject_Q (1#p)) _ (inject_Q (qn p0) - x) _ (inject_Q (1#p))). + rewrite FinjectQ_CReal. reflexivity. + rewrite FinjectQ_CReal. reflexivity. + rewrite FinjectQ_CReal. reflexivity. + apply (CReal_absSmall _ _ (Pos.max (4 * p)%positive (Pos.of_nat (cvmod (2 * p)%positive)))). setoid_replace (proj1_sig (inject_Q (1 # p)) (Pos.to_nat (Pos.max (4 * p) (Pos.of_nat (cvmod (2 * p)%positive))))) with (1 # p)%Q. 2: reflexivity. @@ -246,12 +329,15 @@ Proof. 2: destruct x; reflexivity. apply (Qle_lt_trans _ (1 # 2 * p)). unfold Qle; simpl. rewrite Pos2Z.inj_max. apply Z.le_max_l. - rewrite <- (Qplus_lt_r _ _ (-(1#p))). unfold Qminus. rewrite Qplus_assoc. - rewrite (Qplus_comm _ (1#p)). rewrite Qplus_opp_r. rewrite Qplus_0_l. - setoid_replace (- (1 # p) + (1 # 2 * p))%Q with (-(1 # 2 * p))%Q. - apply Qopp_lt_compat. apply H. apply H0. - - rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_max. + rewrite <- (Qplus_lt_r + _ _ (Qabs + (qn p0 - + proj1_sig x + (2 * Pos.to_nat (Pos.max (4 * p) (Pos.of_nat (cvmod (2 * p)%positive))))%nat) + -(1#2*p))). + ring_simplify. + setoid_replace (-1 * (1 # 2 * p) + (1 # p))%Q with (1 # 2 * p)%Q. + apply H. apply H0. rewrite Pos2Nat.inj_max. apply (le_trans _ (1 * Nat.max (Pos.to_nat (4 * p)) (Pos.to_nat (Pos.of_nat (cvmod (2 * p)%positive))))). destruct (cvmod (2*p)%positive). apply le_0_n. rewrite mult_1_l. rewrite Nat2Pos.id. 2: discriminate. apply Nat.le_max_r. @@ -267,7 +353,8 @@ Lemma Un_cv_extens : forall (xn yn : nat -> CReal) (l : CReal), -> Un_cv_mod yn l. Proof. intros. intro p. destruct (H p) as [n cv]. exists n. - intros. unfold CReal_minus. rewrite <- (H0 i). apply cv. apply H1. + intros. unfold absSmall, CReal_minus. + split; rewrite <- (H0 i); apply cv; apply H1. Qed. (* Q is dense in Archimedean fields, so all real numbers @@ -284,8 +371,8 @@ Proof. - intros p n k H0 H1. destruct (H p); simpl in H0,H1. specialize (a n k H0 H1). apply Qabs_case. intros _. apply a. intros _. - rewrite <- (Qopp_involutive (1#p)). apply Qopp_lt_compat. - apply a. + apply (Qplus_lt_r _ _ (qn n -qn k-(1#p))). ring_simplify. + destruct a. ring_simplify in H2. exact H2. - exists (exist _ (fun n : nat => qn (increasing_modulus (fun p : positive => proj1_sig (H p)) n)) H0). apply (Un_cv_extens (fun n : nat => IQR (qn n))). @@ -300,28 +387,29 @@ Lemma Rcauchy_complete : forall (xn : nat -> CReal), -> { l : CReal & Un_cv_mod xn l }. Proof. intros xn cau. - destruct (R_has_all_rational_limits (fun n => proj1_sig (RQ_limit (xn n) n)) + destruct (R_has_all_rational_limits (fun n => let (l,_) := RQ_limit (xn n) n in l) (Rdiag_cauchy_sequence xn cau)) as [l cv]. exists l. intro p. specialize (cv (2*p)%positive) as [k cv]. exists (max k (2 * Pos.to_nat p)). intros p0 H. specialize (cv p0). - destruct cv. apply (le_trans _ (max k (2 * Pos.to_nat p))). + destruct cv as [H0 H1]. apply (le_trans _ (max k (2 * Pos.to_nat p))). apply Nat.le_max_l. apply H. destruct (RQ_limit (xn p0) p0) as [q maj]; unfold proj1_sig in H0,H1. split. - - apply (Rlt_trans _ (IQR q - IQR (1 # 2 * p) - l)). - + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite (Rplus_comm (IQR q)). - apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). + - apply (CRealLt_trans _ (IQR q - IQR (1 # 2 * p) - l)). + + unfold CReal_minus. rewrite (CReal_plus_comm (IQR q)). + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). ring_simplify. unfold CReal_minus. rewrite <- opp_IQR. rewrite <- plus_IQR. setoid_replace ((1 # 2 * p) + - (1 # p))%Q with (-(1#2*p))%Q. rewrite opp_IQR. apply H0. setoid_replace (1#p)%Q with (2 # 2*p)%Q. rewrite Qinv_minus_distr. reflexivity. reflexivity. - + unfold CReal_minus. apply Rplus_lt_compat_r. - apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). - ring_simplify. rewrite Rplus_comm. - apply (Rlt_le_trans _ (xn p0 + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat p0))). - apply maj. apply Rplus_le_compat_l. + + unfold CReal_minus. + do 2 rewrite <- (CReal_plus_comm (-l)). apply CReal_plus_lt_compat_l. + apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_r (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). + ring_simplify. rewrite CReal_plus_comm. + apply (CRealLt_Le_trans _ (xn p0 + IQR (1 # Pos.of_nat p0))). + apply maj. apply CReal_plus_le_compat_l. apply IQR_le. apply Z2Nat.inj_le. discriminate. discriminate. simpl. assert ((Pos.to_nat p~0 <= p0)%nat). @@ -332,12 +420,13 @@ Proof. rewrite Nat2Pos.id. apply H2. intro abs. subst p0. inversion H2. pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos (p~0)). rewrite H4 in H3. inversion H3. - - apply (Rlt_trans _ (IQR q - l)). - + apply Rplus_lt_compat_r. apply maj. - + apply (Rlt_trans _ (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). + - apply (CRealLt_trans _ (IQR q - l)). + + unfold CReal_minus. do 2 rewrite <- (CReal_plus_comm (-l)). + apply CReal_plus_lt_compat_l. apply maj. + + apply (CRealLt_trans _ (IQR (1 # 2 * p))). apply H1. apply IQR_lt. rewrite <- Qplus_0_r. setoid_replace (1#p)%Q with ((1#2*p)+(1#2*p))%Q. apply Qplus_lt_r. reflexivity. - rewrite Qplus_same_denom. reflexivity. + rewrite Qinv_plus_distr. reflexivity. Qed. diff --git a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveReals.v b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveReals.v new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fc3d6afe15 --- /dev/null +++ b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveReals.v @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +(************************************************************************) +(* * The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team *) +(* v * INRIA, CNRS and contributors - Copyright 1999-2019 *) +(* <O___,, * (see CREDITS file for the list of authors) *) +(* \VV/ **************************************************************) +(* // * This file is distributed under the terms of the *) +(* * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 *) +(* * (see LICENSE file for the text of the license) *) +(************************************************************************) +(************************************************************************) + +(* An interface for constructive and computable real numbers. + All of its instances are isomorphic, for example it contains + the Cauchy reals implemented in file ConstructivecauchyReals + and the sumbool-based Dedekind reals defined by + +Structure R := { + (* The cuts are represented as propositional functions, rather than subsets, + as there are no subsets in type theory. *) + lower : Q -> Prop; + upper : Q -> Prop; + (* The cuts respect equality on Q. *) + lower_proper : Proper (Qeq ==> iff) lower; + upper_proper : Proper (Qeq ==> iff) upper; + (* The cuts are inhabited. *) + lower_bound : { q : Q | lower q }; + upper_bound : { r : Q | upper r }; + (* The lower cut is a lower set. *) + lower_lower : forall q r, q < r -> lower r -> lower q; + (* The lower cut is open. *) + lower_open : forall q, lower q -> exists r, q < r /\ lower r; + (* The upper cut is an upper set. *) + upper_upper : forall q r, q < r -> upper q -> upper r; + (* The upper cut is open. *) + upper_open : forall r, upper r -> exists q, q < r /\ upper q; + (* The cuts are disjoint. *) + disjoint : forall q, ~ (lower q /\ upper q); + (* There is no gap between the cuts. *) + located : forall q r, q < r -> { lower q } + { upper r } +}. + + see github.com/andrejbauer/dedekind-reals for the Prop-based + version of those Dedekind reals (although Prop fails to make + them an instance of ConstructiveReals). *) + +Require Import QArith. + +Definition isLinearOrder (X : Set) (Xlt : X -> X -> Set) : Set + := (forall x y:X, Xlt x y -> Xlt y x -> False) + * (forall x y z : X, Xlt x y -> Xlt y z -> Xlt x z) + * (forall x y z : X, Xlt x z -> Xlt x y + Xlt y z). + +Definition orderEq (X : Set) (Xlt : X -> X -> Set) (x y : X) : Prop + := (Xlt x y -> False) /\ (Xlt y x -> False). + +Definition orderAppart (X : Set) (Xlt : X -> X -> Set) (x y : X) : Set + := Xlt x y + Xlt y x. + +Definition sig_forall_dec_T : Type + := forall (P : nat -> Prop), (forall n, {P n} + {~P n}) + -> {n | ~P n} + {forall n, P n}. + +Definition sig_not_dec_T : Type := forall P : Prop, { ~~P } + { ~P }. + +Record ConstructiveReals : Type := + { + CRcarrier : Set; + CRlt : CRcarrier -> CRcarrier -> Set; + CRltLinear : isLinearOrder CRcarrier CRlt; + + CRltProp : CRcarrier -> CRcarrier -> Prop; + (* This choice algorithm can be slow, keep it for the classical + quotient of the reals, where computations are blocked by + axioms like LPO. *) + CRltEpsilon : forall x y : CRcarrier, CRltProp x y -> CRlt x y; + CRltForget : forall x y : CRcarrier, CRlt x y -> CRltProp x y; + CRltDisjunctEpsilon : forall a b c d : CRcarrier, + (CRltProp a b \/ CRltProp c d) -> CRlt a b + CRlt c d; + + (* Constants *) + CRzero : CRcarrier; + CRone : CRcarrier; + + (* Addition and multiplication *) + CRplus : CRcarrier -> CRcarrier -> CRcarrier; + CRopp : CRcarrier -> CRcarrier; (* Computable opposite, + stronger than Prop-existence of opposite *) + CRmult : CRcarrier -> CRcarrier -> CRcarrier; + + CRisRing : ring_theory CRzero CRone CRplus CRmult + (fun x y => CRplus x (CRopp y)) CRopp (orderEq CRcarrier CRlt); + CRisRingExt : ring_eq_ext CRplus CRmult CRopp (orderEq CRcarrier CRlt); + + (* Compatibility with order *) + CRzero_lt_one : CRlt CRzero CRone; (* 0 # 1 would only allow 0 < 1 because + of Fmult_lt_0_compat so request 0 < 1 directly. *) + CRplus_lt_compat_l : forall r r1 r2 : CRcarrier, + CRlt r1 r2 -> CRlt (CRplus r r1) (CRplus r r2); + CRplus_lt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2 : CRcarrier, + CRlt (CRplus r r1) (CRplus r r2) -> CRlt r1 r2; + CRmult_lt_0_compat : forall x y : CRcarrier, + CRlt CRzero x -> CRlt CRzero y -> CRlt CRzero (CRmult x y); + + (* A constructive total inverse function on F would need to be continuous, + which is impossible because we cannot connect plus and minus infinities. + Therefore it has to be a partial function, defined on non zero elements. + For this reason we cannot use Coq's field_theory and field tactic. + + To implement Finv by Cauchy sequences we need orderAppart, + ~orderEq is not enough. *) + CRinv : forall x : CRcarrier, orderAppart _ CRlt x CRzero -> CRcarrier; + CRinv_l : forall (r:CRcarrier) (rnz : orderAppart _ CRlt r CRzero), + orderEq _ CRlt (CRmult (CRinv r rnz) r) CRone; + CRinv_0_lt_compat : forall (r : CRcarrier) (rnz : orderAppart _ CRlt r CRzero), + CRlt CRzero r -> CRlt CRzero (CRinv r rnz); + + CRarchimedean : forall x : CRcarrier, + { k : Z & CRlt x (gen_phiZ CRzero CRone CRplus CRmult CRopp k) }; + + CRminus (x y : CRcarrier) : CRcarrier + := CRplus x (CRopp y); + CR_cv (un : nat -> CRcarrier) (l : CRcarrier) : Set + := forall eps:CRcarrier, + CRlt CRzero eps + -> { p : nat & forall i:nat, le p i -> CRlt (CRopp eps) (CRminus (un i) l) + * CRlt (CRminus (un i) l) eps }; + CR_cauchy (un : nat -> CRcarrier) : Set + := forall eps:CRcarrier, + CRlt CRzero eps + -> { p : nat & forall i j:nat, le p i -> le p j -> + CRlt (CRopp eps) (CRminus (un i) (un j)) + * CRlt (CRminus (un i) (un j)) eps }; + + CR_complete : + forall xn : nat -> CRcarrier, CR_cauchy xn -> { l : CRcarrier & CR_cv xn l }; + + (* Those are redundant, they could be proved from the previous hypotheses *) + CRis_upper_bound (E:CRcarrier -> Prop) (m:CRcarrier) + := forall x:CRcarrier, E x -> CRlt m x -> False; + + CR_sig_lub : + forall (E:CRcarrier -> Prop), + sig_forall_dec_T + -> sig_not_dec_T + -> (exists x : CRcarrier, E x) + -> (exists x : CRcarrier, CRis_upper_bound E x) + -> { u : CRcarrier | CRis_upper_bound E u /\ + forall y:CRcarrier, CRis_upper_bound E y -> CRlt y u -> False }; + }. diff --git a/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRealsLUB.v b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRealsLUB.v new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f5c447f7db --- /dev/null +++ b/theories/Reals/ConstructiveRealsLUB.v @@ -0,0 +1,276 @@ +(************************************************************************) +(* * The Coq Proof Assistant / The Coq Development Team *) +(* v * INRIA, CNRS and contributors - Copyright 1999-2019 *) +(* <O___,, * (see CREDITS file for the list of authors) *) +(* \VV/ **************************************************************) +(* // * This file is distributed under the terms of the *) +(* * GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 *) +(* * (see LICENSE file for the text of the license) *) +(************************************************************************) +(************************************************************************) + +(* Proof that LPO and the excluded middle for negations imply + the existence of least upper bounds for all non-empty and bounded + subsets of the real numbers. *) + +Require Import QArith_base. +Require Import Qabs. +Require Import ConstructiveCauchyReals. +Require Import ConstructiveRcomplete. +Require Import Logic.ConstructiveEpsilon. + +Local Open Scope CReal_scope. + +Definition sig_forall_dec_T : Type + := forall (P : nat -> Prop), (forall n, {P n} + {~P n}) + -> {n | ~P n} + {forall n, P n}. + +Definition sig_not_dec_T : Type := forall P : Prop, { ~~P } + { ~P }. + +Definition is_upper_bound (E:CReal -> Prop) (m:CReal) + := forall x:CReal, E x -> x <= m. + +Definition is_lub (E:CReal -> Prop) (m:CReal) := + is_upper_bound E m /\ (forall b:CReal, is_upper_bound E b -> m <= b). + +Lemma is_upper_bound_dec : + forall (E:CReal -> Prop) (x:CReal), + sig_forall_dec_T + -> sig_not_dec_T + -> { is_upper_bound E x } + { ~is_upper_bound E x }. +Proof. + intros E x lpo sig_not_dec. + destruct (sig_not_dec (~exists y:CReal, E y /\ CRealLtProp x y)). + - left. intros y H. + destruct (CRealLt_lpo_dec x y lpo). 2: exact f. + exfalso. apply n. intro abs. apply abs. + exists y. split. exact H. destruct c. exists x0. exact q. + - right. intro abs. apply n. intros [y [H H0]]. + specialize (abs y H). apply CRealLtEpsilon in H0. contradiction. +Qed. + +Lemma is_upper_bound_epsilon : + forall (E:CReal -> Prop), + sig_forall_dec_T + -> sig_not_dec_T + -> (exists x:CReal, is_upper_bound E x) + -> { n:nat | is_upper_bound E (INR n) }. +Proof. + intros E lpo sig_not_dec Ebound. + apply constructive_indefinite_ground_description_nat. + - intro n. apply is_upper_bound_dec. exact lpo. exact sig_not_dec. + - destruct Ebound as [x H]. destruct (Rup_nat x). exists x0. + intros y ey. specialize (H y ey). + apply CRealLt_asym. apply (CRealLe_Lt_trans _ x); assumption. +Qed. + +Lemma is_upper_bound_not_epsilon : + forall E:CReal -> Prop, + sig_forall_dec_T + -> sig_not_dec_T + -> (exists x : CReal, E x) + -> { m:nat | ~is_upper_bound E (-INR m) }. +Proof. + intros E lpo sig_not_dec H. + apply constructive_indefinite_ground_description_nat. + - intro n. destruct (is_upper_bound_dec E (-INR n) lpo sig_not_dec). + right. intro abs. contradiction. left. exact n0. + - destruct H as [x H]. destruct (Rup_nat (-x)) as [n H0]. + exists n. intro abs. specialize (abs x H). + apply abs. apply (CReal_plus_lt_reg_l (INR n-x)). + ring_simplify. exact H0. +Qed. + +(* Decidable Dedekind cuts are Cauchy reals. *) +Record DedekindDecCut : Type := + { + DDupcut : Q -> Prop; + DDproper : forall q r : Q, (q == r -> DDupcut q -> DDupcut r)%Q; + DDlow : Q; + DDhigh : Q; + DDdec : forall q:Q, { DDupcut q } + { ~DDupcut q }; + DDinterval : forall q r : Q, Qle q r -> DDupcut q -> DDupcut r; + DDhighProp : DDupcut DDhigh; + DDlowProp : ~DDupcut DDlow; + }. + +Lemma DDlow_below_up : forall (upcut : DedekindDecCut) (a b : Q), + DDupcut upcut a -> ~DDupcut upcut b -> Qlt b a. +Proof. + intros. destruct (Qlt_le_dec b a). exact q. + exfalso. apply H0. apply (DDinterval upcut a). + exact q. exact H. +Qed. + +Fixpoint DDcut_limit_fix (upcut : DedekindDecCut) (r : Q) (n : nat) : + Qlt 0 r + -> (DDupcut upcut (DDlow upcut + (Z.of_nat n#1) * r)) + -> { q : Q | DDupcut upcut q /\ ~DDupcut upcut (q - r) }. +Proof. + destruct n. + - intros. exfalso. simpl in H0. + apply (DDproper upcut _ (DDlow upcut)) in H0. 2: ring. + exact (DDlowProp upcut H0). + - intros. destruct (DDdec upcut (DDlow upcut + (Z.of_nat n # 1) * r)). + + exact (DDcut_limit_fix upcut r n H d). + + exists (DDlow upcut + (Z.of_nat (S n) # 1) * r)%Q. split. + exact H0. intro abs. + apply (DDproper upcut _ (DDlow upcut + (Z.of_nat n # 1) * r)) in abs. + contradiction. + rewrite Nat2Z.inj_succ. unfold Z.succ. rewrite <- Qinv_plus_distr. + ring. +Qed. + +Lemma DDcut_limit : forall (upcut : DedekindDecCut) (r : Q), + Qlt 0 r + -> { q : Q | DDupcut upcut q /\ ~DDupcut upcut (q - r) }. +Proof. + intros. + destruct (Qarchimedean ((DDhigh upcut - DDlow upcut)/r)) as [n nmaj]. + apply (DDcut_limit_fix upcut r (Pos.to_nat n) H). + apply (Qmult_lt_r _ _ r) in nmaj. 2: exact H. + unfold Qdiv in nmaj. + rewrite <- Qmult_assoc, (Qmult_comm (/r)), Qmult_inv_r, Qmult_1_r in nmaj. + apply (DDinterval upcut (DDhigh upcut)). 2: exact (DDhighProp upcut). + apply Qlt_le_weak. apply (Qplus_lt_r _ _ (-DDlow upcut)). + rewrite Qplus_assoc, <- (Qplus_comm (DDlow upcut)), Qplus_opp_r, + Qplus_0_l, Qplus_comm. + rewrite positive_nat_Z. exact nmaj. + intros abs. rewrite abs in H. exact (Qlt_irrefl 0 H). +Qed. + +Lemma glb_dec_Q : forall upcut : DedekindDecCut, + { x : CReal | forall r:Q, (x < IQR r -> DDupcut upcut r) + /\ (IQR r < x -> ~DDupcut upcut r) }. +Proof. + intros. + assert (forall a b : Q, Qle a b -> Qle (-b) (-a)). + { intros. apply (Qplus_le_l _ _ (a+b)). ring_simplify. exact H. } + assert (QCauchySeq (fun n:nat => proj1_sig (DDcut_limit + upcut (1#Pos.of_nat n) (eq_refl _))) + Pos.to_nat). + { intros p i j pi pj. + destruct (DDcut_limit upcut (1 # Pos.of_nat i) eq_refl), + (DDcut_limit upcut (1 # Pos.of_nat j) eq_refl); unfold proj1_sig. + apply Qabs_case. intros. + apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ (x0- (1#p))). ring_simplify. + setoid_replace (x + -1 * (1 # p))%Q with (x - (1 # p))%Q. + 2: ring. apply (Qle_lt_trans _ (x- (1#Pos.of_nat i))). + apply Qplus_le_r. apply H. + apply Z2Nat.inj_le. discriminate. discriminate. simpl. + rewrite Nat2Pos.id. exact pi. intro abs. + subst i. inversion pi. pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos p). + rewrite H2 in H1. inversion H1. + apply (DDlow_below_up upcut). apply a0. apply a. + intros. + apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ (x- (1#p))). ring_simplify. + setoid_replace (x0 + -1 * (1 # p))%Q with (x0 - (1 # p))%Q. + 2: ring. apply (Qle_lt_trans _ (x0- (1#Pos.of_nat j))). + apply Qplus_le_r. apply H. + apply Z2Nat.inj_le. discriminate. discriminate. simpl. + rewrite Nat2Pos.id. exact pj. intro abs. + subst j. inversion pj. pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos p). + rewrite H2 in H1. inversion H1. + apply (DDlow_below_up upcut). apply a. apply a0. } + pose (exist (fun qn => QSeqEquiv qn qn Pos.to_nat) _ H0) as l. + exists l. split. + - intros. (* find an upper point between the limit and r *) + rewrite FinjectQ_CReal in H1. destruct H1 as [p pmaj]. + unfold l,proj1_sig in pmaj. + destruct (DDcut_limit upcut (1 # Pos.of_nat (Pos.to_nat p)) eq_refl) as [q qmaj] + ; simpl in pmaj. + apply (DDinterval upcut q). 2: apply qmaj. + apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ q) in pmaj. ring_simplify in pmaj. + apply (Qle_trans _ ((2#p) + q)). + apply (Qplus_le_l _ _ (-q)). ring_simplify. discriminate. + apply Qlt_le_weak. exact pmaj. + - intros H1 abs. + rewrite FinjectQ_CReal in H1. destruct H1 as [p pmaj]. + unfold l,proj1_sig in pmaj. + destruct (DDcut_limit upcut (1 # Pos.of_nat (Pos.to_nat p)) eq_refl) as [q qmaj] + ; simpl in pmaj. + rewrite Pos2Nat.id in qmaj. + apply (Qplus_lt_r _ _ (r - (2#p))) in pmaj. ring_simplify in pmaj. + destruct qmaj. apply H2. + apply (DDinterval upcut r). 2: exact abs. + apply Qlt_le_weak, (Qlt_trans _ (-1*(2#p) + q) _ pmaj). + apply (Qplus_lt_l _ _ ((2#p) -q)). ring_simplify. + setoid_replace (-1 * (1 # p))%Q with (-(1#p))%Q. + 2: ring. rewrite Qinv_minus_distr. reflexivity. +Qed. + +Lemma is_upper_bound_glb : + forall (E:CReal -> Prop), + sig_not_dec_T + -> sig_forall_dec_T + -> (exists x : CReal, E x) + -> (exists x : CReal, is_upper_bound E x) + -> { x : CReal | forall r:Q, (x < IQR r -> is_upper_bound E (IQR r)) + /\ (IQR r < x -> ~is_upper_bound E (IQR r)) }. +Proof. + intros E sig_not_dec lpo Einhab Ebound. + destruct (is_upper_bound_epsilon E lpo sig_not_dec Ebound) as [a luba]. + destruct (is_upper_bound_not_epsilon E lpo sig_not_dec Einhab) as [b glbb]. + pose (fun q => is_upper_bound E (IQR q)) as upcut. + assert (forall q:Q, { upcut q } + { ~upcut q } ). + { intro q. apply is_upper_bound_dec. exact lpo. exact sig_not_dec. } + assert (forall q r : Q, (q <= r)%Q -> upcut q -> upcut r). + { intros. intros x Ex. specialize (H1 x Ex). intro abs. + apply H1. apply (CRealLe_Lt_trans _ (IQR r)). 2: exact abs. + apply IQR_le. exact H0. } + assert (upcut (Z.of_nat a # 1)%Q). + { intros x Ex. unfold IQR. rewrite CReal_inv_1, CReal_mult_1_r. + specialize (luba x Ex). rewrite <- INR_IZR_INZ. exact luba. } + assert (~upcut (- Z.of_nat b # 1)%Q). + { intros abs. apply glbb. intros x Ex. + specialize (abs x Ex). unfold IQR in abs. + rewrite CReal_inv_1, CReal_mult_1_r, opp_IZR, <- INR_IZR_INZ in abs. + exact abs. } + assert (forall q r : Q, (q == r)%Q -> upcut q -> upcut r). + { intros. intros x Ex. specialize (H4 x Ex). rewrite <- H3. exact H4. } + destruct (glb_dec_Q (Build_DedekindDecCut + upcut H3 (-Z.of_nat b # 1)%Q (Z.of_nat a # 1) + H H0 H1 H2)). + simpl in a0. exists x. intro r. split. + - intros. apply a0. exact H4. + - intros H6 abs. specialize (a0 r) as [_ a0]. apply a0. + exact H6. exact abs. +Qed. + +Lemma is_upper_bound_closed : + forall (E:CReal -> Prop) (sig_forall_dec : sig_forall_dec_T) + (sig_not_dec : sig_not_dec_T) + (Einhab : exists x : CReal, E x) + (Ebound : exists x : CReal, is_upper_bound E x), + is_lub + E (proj1_sig (is_upper_bound_glb + E sig_not_dec sig_forall_dec Einhab Ebound)). +Proof. + intros. split. + - intros x Ex. + destruct (is_upper_bound_glb E sig_not_dec sig_forall_dec Einhab Ebound); simpl. + intro abs. destruct (FQ_dense x0 x abs) as [q [qmaj H]]. + specialize (a q) as [a _]. specialize (a qmaj x Ex). + contradiction. + - intros. + destruct (is_upper_bound_glb E sig_not_dec sig_forall_dec Einhab Ebound); simpl. + intro abs. destruct (FQ_dense b x abs) as [q [qmaj H0]]. + specialize (a q) as [_ a]. apply a. exact H0. + intros y Ey. specialize (H y Ey). intro abs2. + apply H. exact (CRealLt_trans _ (IQR q) _ qmaj abs2). +Qed. + +Lemma sig_lub : + forall (E:CReal -> Prop), + sig_forall_dec_T + -> sig_not_dec_T + -> (exists x : CReal, E x) + -> (exists x : CReal, is_upper_bound E x) + -> { u : CReal | is_lub E u }. +Proof. + intros E sig_forall_dec sig_not_dec Einhab Ebound. + pose proof (is_upper_bound_closed E sig_forall_dec sig_not_dec Einhab Ebound). + destruct (is_upper_bound_glb + E sig_not_dec sig_forall_dec Einhab Ebound); simpl in H. + exists x. exact H. +Qed. diff --git a/theories/Reals/RIneq.v b/theories/Reals/RIneq.v index 72475b79d7..75298855b2 100644 --- a/theories/Reals/RIneq.v +++ b/theories/Reals/RIneq.v @@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ Lemma Rmult_eq_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, r * r1 = r * r2 -> r <> 0 -> r1 = r2. Proof. intros. apply Rquot1. apply (Rmult_eq_reg_l (Rrepr r)). rewrite <- Rrepr_mult, <- Rrepr_mult, H. reflexivity. - rewrite Rrepr_appart, Rrepr_0 in H0. exact H0. + apply Rrepr_appart in H0. rewrite Rrepr_0 in H0. exact H0. Qed. Lemma Rmult_eq_reg_r : forall r r1 r2, r1 * r = r2 * r -> r <> 0 -> r1 = r2. @@ -996,15 +996,16 @@ Qed. Lemma Rplus_lt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, r + r1 < r + r2 -> r1 < r2. Proof. - intros. rewrite Rlt_def. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l (Rrepr r)). + intros. rewrite Rlt_def. apply Rlt_forget. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_l (Rrepr r)). rewrite <- Rrepr_plus, <- Rrepr_plus. - rewrite Rlt_def in H. exact H. + rewrite Rlt_def in H. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. Lemma Rplus_lt_reg_r : forall r r1 r2, r1 + r < r2 + r -> r1 < r2. Proof. - intros. rewrite Rlt_def. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (Rrepr r)). - rewrite <- Rrepr_plus, <- Rrepr_plus. rewrite Rlt_def in H. exact H. + intros. rewrite Rlt_def. apply Rlt_forget. apply (Rplus_lt_reg_r (Rrepr r)). + rewrite <- Rrepr_plus, <- Rrepr_plus. rewrite Rlt_def in H. + apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. Lemma Rplus_le_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, r + r1 <= r + r2 -> r1 <= r2. @@ -1075,15 +1076,18 @@ Qed. Lemma Ropp_gt_lt_contravar : forall r1 r2, r1 > r2 -> - r1 < - r2. Proof. intros. rewrite Rlt_def. rewrite Rrepr_opp, Rrepr_opp. + apply Rlt_forget. apply Ropp_gt_lt_contravar. unfold Rgt in H. - rewrite Rlt_def in H. exact H. + rewrite Rlt_def in H. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. Hint Resolve Ropp_gt_lt_contravar : core. Lemma Ropp_lt_gt_contravar : forall r1 r2, r1 < r2 -> - r1 > - r2. Proof. intros. unfold Rgt. rewrite Rlt_def. rewrite Rrepr_opp, Rrepr_opp. - apply Ropp_lt_gt_contravar. rewrite Rlt_def in H. exact H. + apply Rlt_forget. + apply Ropp_lt_gt_contravar. rewrite Rlt_def in H. + apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. Hint Resolve Ropp_lt_gt_contravar: real. @@ -1303,18 +1307,18 @@ Qed. Lemma Rmult_lt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, 0 < r -> r * r1 < r * r2 -> r1 < r2. Proof. - intros. rewrite Rlt_def in H,H0. rewrite Rlt_def. + intros. rewrite Rlt_def in H,H0. rewrite Rlt_def. apply Rlt_forget. apply (Rmult_lt_reg_l (Rrepr r)). - rewrite <- Rrepr_0. exact H. - rewrite <- Rrepr_mult, <- Rrepr_mult. exact H0. + rewrite <- Rrepr_0. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. + rewrite <- Rrepr_mult, <- Rrepr_mult. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H0. Qed. Lemma Rmult_lt_reg_r : forall r r1 r2 : R, 0 < r -> r1 * r < r2 * r -> r1 < r2. Proof. intros. rewrite Rlt_def. rewrite Rlt_def in H, H0. - apply (Rmult_lt_reg_r (Rrepr r)). - rewrite <- Rrepr_0. exact H. - rewrite <- Rrepr_mult, <- Rrepr_mult. exact H0. + apply Rlt_forget. apply (Rmult_lt_reg_r (Rrepr r)). + rewrite <- Rrepr_0. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. + rewrite <- Rrepr_mult, <- Rrepr_mult. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H0. Qed. Lemma Rmult_gt_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, 0 < r -> r * r1 < r * r2 -> r1 < r2. @@ -1323,7 +1327,7 @@ Proof. eauto using Rmult_lt_reg_l with rorders. Qed. Lemma Rmult_le_reg_l : forall r r1 r2, 0 < r -> r * r1 <= r * r2 -> r1 <= r2. Proof. intros. rewrite Rrepr_le. rewrite Rlt_def in H. apply (Rmult_le_reg_l (Rrepr r)). - rewrite <- Rrepr_0. exact H. + rewrite <- Rrepr_0. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. rewrite <- Rrepr_mult, <- Rrepr_mult. rewrite <- Rrepr_le. exact H0. Qed. @@ -1642,7 +1646,7 @@ Hint Resolve pos_INR: real. Lemma INR_lt : forall n m:nat, INR n < INR m -> (n < m)%nat. Proof. intros. apply INR_lt. rewrite Rlt_def in H. - rewrite Rrepr_INR, Rrepr_INR in H. exact H. + rewrite Rrepr_INR, Rrepr_INR in H. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. Hint Resolve INR_lt: real. @@ -1676,7 +1680,7 @@ Hint Resolve not_0_INR: real. Lemma not_INR : forall n m:nat, n <> m -> INR n <> INR m. Proof. - intros. rewrite Rrepr_appart, Rrepr_INR, Rrepr_INR. + intros. apply Rappart_repr. rewrite Rrepr_INR, Rrepr_INR. apply not_INR. exact H. Qed. Hint Resolve not_INR: real. @@ -1753,8 +1757,8 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma Rrepr_pow : forall (x : R) (n : nat), - (ConstructiveCauchyReals.CRealEq (Rrepr (pow x n)) - (ConstructiveCauchyReals.pow (Rrepr x) n)). + (ConstructiveRIneq.Req (Rrepr (pow x n)) + (ConstructiveRIneq.pow (Rrepr x) n)). Proof. intro x. induction n. - apply Rrepr_1. @@ -1801,14 +1805,15 @@ Qed. Lemma lt_0_IZR : forall n:Z, 0 < IZR n -> (0 < n)%Z. Proof. intros. apply lt_0_IZR. rewrite <- Rrepr_0, <- Rrepr_IZR. - rewrite Rlt_def in H. exact H. + rewrite Rlt_def in H. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. (**********) Lemma lt_IZR : forall n m:Z, IZR n < IZR m -> (n < m)%Z. Proof. intros. apply lt_IZR. - rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_IZR. rewrite Rlt_def in H. exact H. + rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_IZR. rewrite Rlt_def in H. + apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. (**********) @@ -1892,17 +1897,18 @@ Hint Extern 0 (IZR _ <> IZR _) => apply IZR_neq, Zeq_bool_neq, eq_refl : real. Lemma one_IZR_lt1 : forall n:Z, -1 < IZR n < 1 -> n = 0%Z. Proof. intros. apply one_IZR_lt1. do 2 rewrite Rlt_def in H. split. - rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_1, <- Rrepr_opp. apply H. - rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_1. apply H. + rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_1, <- Rrepr_opp. + apply Rlt_epsilon. apply H. + rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_1. apply Rlt_epsilon. apply H. Qed. Lemma one_IZR_r_R1 : forall r (n m:Z), r < IZR n <= r + 1 -> r < IZR m <= r + 1 -> n = m. Proof. intros. rewrite Rlt_def in H, H0. apply (one_IZR_r_R1 (Rrepr r)); split. - rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR. apply H. + rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR. apply Rlt_epsilon. apply H. rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_1, <- Rrepr_plus, <- Rrepr_le. - apply H. rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR. apply H0. + apply H. rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR. apply Rlt_epsilon. apply H0. rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR, <- Rrepr_1, <- Rrepr_plus, <- Rrepr_le. apply H0. Qed. @@ -1939,8 +1945,10 @@ Lemma Rinv_le_contravar : Proof. intros. apply Rrepr_le. assert (y <> 0). intro abs. subst y. apply (Rlt_irrefl 0). exact (Rlt_le_trans 0 x 0 H H0). - rewrite Rrepr_appart, Rrepr_0 in H1. rewrite Rlt_def in H. rewrite Rrepr_0 in H. - rewrite (Rrepr_inv y H1), (Rrepr_inv x (or_intror H)). + apply Rrepr_appart in H1. + rewrite Rrepr_0 in H1. rewrite Rlt_def in H. rewrite Rrepr_0 in H. + apply Rlt_epsilon in H. + rewrite (Rrepr_inv y H1), (Rrepr_inv x (inr H)). apply Rinv_le_contravar. rewrite <- Rrepr_le. exact H0. Qed. @@ -2008,7 +2016,7 @@ Proof. intros. rewrite Rrepr_le. apply le_epsilon. intros. rewrite <- (Rquot2 eps), <- Rrepr_plus. rewrite <- Rrepr_le. apply H. rewrite Rlt_def. - rewrite Rquot2, Rrepr_0. exact H0. + rewrite Rquot2, Rrepr_0. apply Rlt_forget. exact H0. Qed. (**********) diff --git a/theories/Reals/Raxioms.v b/theories/Reals/Raxioms.v index 8379829037..f03b0ccea3 100644 --- a/theories/Reals/Raxioms.v +++ b/theories/Reals/Raxioms.v @@ -8,12 +8,19 @@ (* * (see LICENSE file for the text of the license) *) (************************************************************************) +(* This file continues Rdefinitions, with more properties of the + classical reals, including the existence of least upper bounds + for non-empty and bounded subsets. + The name "Raxioms" and its contents are kept for backward compatibility, + when the classical reals were axiomatized. Otherwise we would + have merged this file into RIneq. *) + (*********************************************************) (** Lifts of basic operations for classical reals *) (*********************************************************) Require Export ZArith_base. -Require Import ConstructiveCauchyReals. +Require Import ConstructiveRIneq. Require Export Rdefinitions. Declare Scope R_scope. Local Open Scope R_scope. @@ -26,75 +33,88 @@ Local Open Scope R_scope. (** ** Addition *) (*********************************************************) -Lemma Rrepr_0 : (Rrepr 0 == 0)%CReal. +Open Scope R_scope_constr. + +Lemma Rrepr_0 : Rrepr 0 == 0. Proof. intros. unfold IZR. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def, (Rquot2 0). reflexivity. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_1 : (Rrepr 1 == 1)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_1 : Rrepr 1 == 1. Proof. intros. unfold IZR, IPR. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def, (Rquot2 1). reflexivity. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_plus : forall x y:R, (Rrepr (x + y) == Rrepr x + Rrepr y)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_plus : forall x y:R, Rrepr (x + y) == Rrepr x + Rrepr y. Proof. intros. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rplus_def, Rquot2. reflexivity. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_opp : forall x:R, (Rrepr (- x) == - Rrepr x)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_opp : forall x:R, Rrepr (- x) == - Rrepr x. Proof. intros. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Ropp_def, Rquot2. reflexivity. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_minus : forall x y:R, (Rrepr (x - y) == Rrepr x - Rrepr y)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_minus : forall x y:R, Rrepr (x - y) == Rrepr x - Rrepr y. Proof. - intros. unfold Rminus, CReal_minus. + intros. unfold Rminus, CRminus. rewrite Rrepr_plus, Rrepr_opp. reflexivity. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_mult : forall x y:R, (Rrepr (x * y) == Rrepr x * Rrepr y)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_mult : forall x y:R, Rrepr (x * y) == Rrepr x * Rrepr y. Proof. intros. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rmult_def. rewrite Rquot2. reflexivity. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_inv : forall (x:R) (xnz : (Rrepr x # 0)%CReal), - (Rrepr (/ x) == (/ Rrepr x) xnz)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_inv : forall (x:R) (xnz : Rrepr x # 0), + Rrepr (/ x) == (/ Rrepr x) xnz. Proof. intros. rewrite RinvImpl.Rinv_def. destruct (Req_appart_dec x R0). - exfalso. subst x. destruct xnz. - rewrite Rrepr_0 in H. exact (CRealLt_irrefl 0 H). - rewrite Rrepr_0 in H. exact (CRealLt_irrefl 0 H). - - rewrite Rquot2. apply (CReal_mult_eq_reg_l (Rrepr x) _ _ xnz). - rewrite CReal_mult_comm, (CReal_mult_comm (Rrepr x)), CReal_inv_l, CReal_inv_l. + rewrite Rrepr_0 in c. exact (Rlt_irrefl 0 c). + rewrite Rrepr_0 in c. exact (Rlt_irrefl 0 c). + - rewrite Rquot2. apply (Rmult_eq_reg_l (Rrepr x)). 2: exact xnz. + rewrite Rmult_comm, (Rmult_comm (Rrepr x)), Rinv_l, Rinv_l. reflexivity. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_le : forall x y:R, x <= y <-> (Rrepr x <= Rrepr y)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_le : forall x y:R, (x <= y)%R <-> Rrepr x <= Rrepr y. Proof. split. - intros [H|H] abs. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in H. - exact (CRealLt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y) H abs). - destruct H. exact (CRealLt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr x) abs abs). + apply Rlt_epsilon in H. + exact (Rlt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y) H abs). + destruct H. exact (Rlt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr x) abs abs). - intros. destruct (total_order_T x y). destruct s. - left. exact r. right. exact e. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r. contradiction. + left. exact r. right. exact e. + rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r. apply Rlt_epsilon in r. contradiction. Qed. -Lemma Rrepr_appart : forall x y:R, x <> y <-> (Rrepr x # Rrepr y)%CReal. +Lemma Rrepr_appart : forall x y:R, + (x <> y)%R -> Rrepr x # Rrepr y. Proof. - split. - - intros. destruct (total_order_T x y). destruct s. - left. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r. exact r. contradiction. - right. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r. exact r. - - intros [H|H] abs. - destruct abs. exact (CRealLt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr x) H H). - destruct abs. exact (CRealLt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr x) H H). + intros. destruct (total_order_T x y). destruct s. + left. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r. + apply Rlt_epsilon. exact r. contradiction. + right. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r. + apply Rlt_epsilon. exact r. Qed. +Lemma Rappart_repr : forall x y:R, + Rrepr x # Rrepr y -> (x <> y)%R. +Proof. + intros x y [H|H] abs. + destruct abs. exact (Rlt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr x) H H). + destruct abs. exact (Rlt_asym (Rrepr x) (Rrepr x) H H). +Qed. + +Close Scope R_scope_constr. + (**********) Lemma Rplus_comm : forall r1 r2:R, r1 + r2 = r2 + r1. Proof. - intros. apply Rquot1. do 2 rewrite Rrepr_plus. apply CReal_plus_comm. + intros. apply Rquot1. do 2 rewrite Rrepr_plus. apply Rplus_comm. Qed. Hint Resolve Rplus_comm: real. @@ -102,7 +122,7 @@ Hint Resolve Rplus_comm: real. Lemma Rplus_assoc : forall r1 r2 r3:R, r1 + r2 + r3 = r1 + (r2 + r3). Proof. intros. apply Rquot1. repeat rewrite Rrepr_plus. - apply CReal_plus_assoc. + apply Rplus_assoc. Qed. Hint Resolve Rplus_assoc: real. @@ -110,7 +130,7 @@ Hint Resolve Rplus_assoc: real. Lemma Rplus_opp_r : forall r:R, r + - r = 0. Proof. intros. apply Rquot1. rewrite Rrepr_plus, Rrepr_opp, Rrepr_0. - apply CReal_plus_opp_r. + apply Rplus_opp_r. Qed. Hint Resolve Rplus_opp_r: real. @@ -118,7 +138,7 @@ Hint Resolve Rplus_opp_r: real. Lemma Rplus_0_l : forall r:R, 0 + r = r. Proof. intros. apply Rquot1. rewrite Rrepr_plus, Rrepr_0. - apply CReal_plus_0_l. + apply Rplus_0_l. Qed. Hint Resolve Rplus_0_l: real. @@ -129,7 +149,7 @@ Hint Resolve Rplus_0_l: real. (**********) Lemma Rmult_comm : forall r1 r2:R, r1 * r2 = r2 * r1. Proof. - intros. apply Rquot1. do 2 rewrite Rrepr_mult. apply CReal_mult_comm. + intros. apply Rquot1. do 2 rewrite Rrepr_mult. apply Rmult_comm. Qed. Hint Resolve Rmult_comm: real. @@ -137,7 +157,7 @@ Hint Resolve Rmult_comm: real. Lemma Rmult_assoc : forall r1 r2 r3:R, r1 * r2 * r3 = r1 * (r2 * r3). Proof. intros. apply Rquot1. repeat rewrite Rrepr_mult. - apply CReal_mult_assoc. + apply Rmult_assoc. Qed. Hint Resolve Rmult_assoc: real. @@ -146,7 +166,7 @@ Lemma Rinv_l : forall r:R, r <> 0 -> / r * r = 1. Proof. intros. rewrite RinvImpl.Rinv_def; destruct (Req_appart_dec r R0). - contradiction. - - apply Rquot1. rewrite Rrepr_mult, Rquot2, Rrepr_1. apply CReal_inv_l. + - apply Rquot1. rewrite Rrepr_mult, Rquot2, Rrepr_1. apply Rinv_l. Qed. Hint Resolve Rinv_l: real. @@ -154,7 +174,7 @@ Hint Resolve Rinv_l: real. Lemma Rmult_1_l : forall r:R, 1 * r = r. Proof. intros. apply Rquot1. rewrite Rrepr_mult, Rrepr_1. - apply CReal_mult_1_l. + apply Rmult_1_l. Qed. Hint Resolve Rmult_1_l: real. @@ -162,16 +182,17 @@ Hint Resolve Rmult_1_l: real. Lemma R1_neq_R0 : 1 <> 0. Proof. intro abs. - assert (1 == 0)%CReal. + assert (Req (CRone CR) (CRzero CR)). { transitivity (Rrepr 1). symmetry. - replace 1 with (Rabst 1). 2: unfold IZR,IPR; rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def; reflexivity. + replace 1%R with (Rabst (CRone CR)). + 2: unfold IZR,IPR; rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def; reflexivity. rewrite Rquot2. reflexivity. transitivity (Rrepr 0). rewrite abs. reflexivity. - replace 0 with (Rabst 0). + replace 0%R with (Rabst (CRzero CR)). 2: unfold IZR; rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def; reflexivity. rewrite Rquot2. reflexivity. } - pose proof (CRealLt_morph 0 0 (CRealEq_refl _) 1 0 H). - apply (CRealLt_irrefl 0). apply H0. apply CRealLt_0_1. + pose proof (Rlt_morph (CRzero CR) (CRzero CR) (Req_refl _) (CRone CR) (CRzero CR) H). + apply (Rlt_irrefl (CRzero CR)). apply H0. apply Rlt_0_1. Qed. Hint Resolve R1_neq_R0: real. @@ -185,7 +206,7 @@ Lemma Proof. intros. apply Rquot1. rewrite Rrepr_mult, Rrepr_plus, Rrepr_plus, Rrepr_mult, Rrepr_mult. - apply CReal_mult_plus_distr_l. + apply Rmult_plus_distr_l. Qed. Hint Resolve Rmult_plus_distr_l: real. @@ -201,30 +222,35 @@ Hint Resolve Rmult_plus_distr_l: real. Lemma Rlt_asym : forall r1 r2:R, r1 < r2 -> ~ r2 < r1. Proof. intros. intro abs. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in H, abs. - apply (CRealLt_asym (Rrepr r1) (Rrepr r2)); assumption. + apply Rlt_epsilon in H. apply Rlt_epsilon in abs. + apply (Rlt_asym (Rrepr r1) (Rrepr r2)); assumption. Qed. (**********) Lemma Rlt_trans : forall r1 r2 r3:R, r1 < r2 -> r2 < r3 -> r1 < r3. Proof. intros. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in H, H0. - apply (CRealLt_trans (Rrepr r1) (Rrepr r2) (Rrepr r3)); assumption. + apply Rlt_epsilon in H. apply Rlt_epsilon in H0. + apply Rlt_forget. + apply (Rlt_trans (Rrepr r1) (Rrepr r2) (Rrepr r3)); assumption. Qed. (**********) Lemma Rplus_lt_compat_l : forall r r1 r2:R, r1 < r2 -> r + r1 < r + r2. Proof. intros. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in H. - do 2 rewrite Rrepr_plus. apply CReal_plus_lt_compat_l. exact H. + do 2 rewrite Rrepr_plus. apply Rlt_forget. + apply Rplus_lt_compat_l. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. Qed. (**********) Lemma Rmult_lt_compat_l : forall r r1 r2:R, 0 < r -> r1 < r2 -> r * r1 < r * r2. Proof. intros. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in H. - do 2 rewrite Rrepr_mult. apply CReal_mult_lt_compat_l. - rewrite <- (Rquot2 0). unfold IZR in H. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def in H. exact H. - rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in H0. exact H0. + do 2 rewrite Rrepr_mult. apply Rlt_forget. apply Rmult_lt_compat_l. + rewrite <- (Rquot2 (CRzero CR)). unfold IZR in H. + rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def in H. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H. + rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in H0. apply Rlt_epsilon. exact H0. Qed. Hint Resolve Rlt_asym Rplus_lt_compat_l Rmult_lt_compat_l: real. @@ -247,7 +273,7 @@ Arguments INR n%nat. (**********************************************************) Lemma Rrepr_INR : forall n : nat, - (Rrepr (INR n) == ConstructiveCauchyReals.INR n)%CReal. + Req (Rrepr (INR n)) (ConstructiveRIneq.INR n). Proof. induction n. - apply Rrepr_0. @@ -256,41 +282,41 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma Rrepr_IPR2 : forall n : positive, - (Rrepr (IPR_2 n) == ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR_2 n)%CReal. + Req (Rrepr (IPR_2 n)) (ConstructiveRIneq.IPR_2 n). Proof. induction n. - - unfold IPR_2, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR_2. + - unfold IPR_2, ConstructiveRIneq.IPR_2. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def, Rrepr_mult, Rrepr_plus, Rrepr_plus, <- IHn. unfold IPR_2. rewrite Rquot2. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def. reflexivity. - - unfold IPR_2, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR_2. + - unfold IPR_2, ConstructiveRIneq.IPR_2. rewrite Rrepr_mult, Rrepr_plus, <- IHn. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def. rewrite Rquot2. unfold IPR_2. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def. reflexivity. - - unfold IPR_2, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR_2. + - unfold IPR_2, ConstructiveRIneq.IPR_2. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def. rewrite Rrepr_plus, Rquot2. reflexivity. Qed. Lemma Rrepr_IPR : forall n : positive, - (Rrepr (IPR n) == ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR n)%CReal. + Req (Rrepr (IPR n)) (ConstructiveRIneq.IPR n). Proof. intro n. destruct n. - - unfold IPR, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR. + - unfold IPR, ConstructiveRIneq.IPR. rewrite Rrepr_plus, <- Rrepr_IPR2. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def. rewrite Rquot2. reflexivity. - - unfold IPR, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR. + - unfold IPR, ConstructiveRIneq.IPR. apply Rrepr_IPR2. - unfold IPR. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def. apply Rquot2. Qed. Lemma Rrepr_IZR : forall n : Z, - (Rrepr (IZR n) == ConstructiveCauchyReals.IZR n)%CReal. + Req (Rrepr (IZR n)) (ConstructiveRIneq.IZR n). Proof. intros [|p|n]. - unfold IZR. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def. apply Rquot2. - apply Rrepr_IPR. - - unfold IZR, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IZR. + - unfold IZR, ConstructiveRIneq.IZR. rewrite <- Rrepr_IPR, Rrepr_opp. reflexivity. Qed. @@ -300,38 +326,66 @@ Proof. intro r. unfold up. destruct (Rarchimedean (Rrepr r)) as [n nmaj], (total_order_T (IZR n - r) R1). destruct s. - - split. unfold Rgt. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite Rrepr_IZR. apply nmaj. + - split. unfold Rgt. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite Rrepr_IZR. + apply Rlt_forget. apply nmaj. unfold Rle. left. exact r0. - - split. unfold Rgt. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite Rrepr_IZR. apply nmaj. - right. exact e. + - split. unfold Rgt. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. + rewrite Rrepr_IZR. apply Rlt_forget. apply nmaj. right. exact e. - split. - + unfold Rgt, Z.pred. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite Rrepr_IZR, plus_IZR. + + unfold Rgt, Z.pred. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. + rewrite Rrepr_IZR, plus_IZR. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r0. rewrite Rrepr_minus in r0. rewrite <- (Rrepr_IZR n). - unfold ConstructiveCauchyReals.IZR, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR. - apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (Rrepr r - Rrepr R1)) in r0. - ring_simplify in r0. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def in r0. rewrite Rquot2 in r0. - rewrite CReal_plus_comm. exact r0. + unfold ConstructiveRIneq.IZR, ConstructiveRIneq.IPR. + apply Rlt_forget. apply Rlt_epsilon in r0. + unfold ConstructiveRIneq.Rminus in r0. + apply (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_lt_compat_l + (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus (Rrepr r) (ConstructiveRIneq.Ropp (Rrepr R1)))) + in r0. + rewrite ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_assoc, + ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_opp_l, + ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_0_r, + RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def, Rquot2, + ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_comm, + ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_assoc, + <- (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_assoc (ConstructiveRIneq.Ropp (Rrepr r))), + ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_opp_l, + ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_0_l + in r0. + exact r0. + destruct (total_order_T (IZR (Z.pred n) - r) 1). destruct s. left. exact r1. right. exact e. - exfalso. rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR in nmaj. + exfalso. destruct nmaj as [_ nmaj]. rewrite <- Rrepr_IZR in nmaj. apply (Rlt_asym (IZR n) (r + 2)). rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. rewrite Rrepr_plus. rewrite (Rrepr_plus 1 1). - apply (CRealLt_Le_trans _ (Rrepr r + 2)). apply nmaj. - unfold IZR, IPR. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def, Rquot2. apply CRealLe_refl. + apply Rlt_forget. + apply (ConstructiveRIneq.Rlt_le_trans + _ (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus (Rrepr r) (ConstructiveRIneq.IZR 2))). + apply nmaj. + unfold IZR, IPR. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def, Rquot2. apply Rle_refl. clear nmaj. unfold Z.pred in r1. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def in r1. rewrite Rrepr_minus, (Rrepr_IZR (n + -1)), plus_IZR, <- (Rrepr_IZR n) in r1. - unfold ConstructiveCauchyReals.IZR, ConstructiveCauchyReals.IPR in r1. + unfold ConstructiveRIneq.IZR, ConstructiveRIneq.IPR in r1. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def, Rrepr_plus. - apply (CReal_plus_lt_compat_l (Rrepr r + 1)) in r1. - ring_simplify in r1. - apply (CRealLe_Lt_trans _ (Rrepr r + Rrepr 1 + 1)). 2: apply r1. + apply Rlt_epsilon in r1. + apply (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_lt_compat_l + (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus (Rrepr r) (CRone CR))) in r1. + apply Rlt_forget. + apply (ConstructiveRIneq.Rle_lt_trans + _ (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus (Rrepr r) (Rrepr 1)) (CRone CR))). rewrite (Rrepr_plus 1 1). unfold IZR, IPR. - rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def, (Rquot2 1), <- CReal_plus_assoc. - apply CRealLe_refl. + rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.R1_def, (Rquot2 (CRone CR)), <- ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_assoc. + apply Rle_refl. + rewrite <- (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_comm (Rrepr 1)), + <- ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_assoc, + (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus_comm (Rrepr 1)) + in r1. + apply (ConstructiveRIneq.Rlt_le_trans _ _ _ r1). + unfold ConstructiveRIneq.Rminus. + ring_simplify. apply ConstructiveRIneq.Rle_refl. Qed. (**********************************************************) @@ -349,12 +403,30 @@ Definition is_lub (E:R -> Prop) (m:R) := is_upper_bound E m /\ (forall b:R, is_upper_bound E b -> m <= b). (**********) -(* This axiom can be proved by excluded middle in sort Set. - For this, define a sequence by dichotomy, using excluded middle - to know whether the current point majorates E or not. - Then conclude by the Cauchy-completeness of R, which is proved - constructively. *) -Axiom - completeness : +Lemma completeness : forall E:R -> Prop, bound E -> (exists x : R, E x) -> { m:R | is_lub E m }. +Proof. + intros. pose (fun x:ConstructiveRIneq.R => E (Rabst x)) as Er. + assert (exists x : ConstructiveRIneq.R, Er x) as Einhab. + { destruct H0. exists (Rrepr x). unfold Er. + replace (Rabst (Rrepr x)) with x. exact H0. + apply Rquot1. rewrite Rquot2. reflexivity. } + assert (exists x : ConstructiveRIneq.R, + (forall y:ConstructiveRIneq.R, Er y -> ConstructiveRIneq.Rle y x)) + as Ebound. + { destruct H. exists (Rrepr x). intros y Ey. rewrite <- (Rquot2 y). + apply Rrepr_le. apply H. exact Ey. } + destruct (CR_sig_lub CR + Er sig_forall_dec sig_not_dec Einhab Ebound). + exists (Rabst x). split. + intros y Ey. apply Rrepr_le. rewrite Rquot2. + unfold ConstructiveRIneq.Rle. apply a. + unfold Er. replace (Rabst (Rrepr y)) with y. exact Ey. + apply Rquot1. rewrite Rquot2. reflexivity. + intros. destruct a. apply Rrepr_le. rewrite Rquot2. + unfold ConstructiveRIneq.Rle. apply H3. intros y Ey. + intros. rewrite <- (Rquot2 y) in H4. + apply Rrepr_le in H4. exact H4. + apply H1, Ey. +Qed. diff --git a/theories/Reals/Rdefinitions.v b/theories/Reals/Rdefinitions.v index 03eb6c8b44..b1ce8109ca 100644 --- a/theories/Reals/Rdefinitions.v +++ b/theories/Reals/Rdefinitions.v @@ -8,11 +8,15 @@ (* * (see LICENSE file for the text of the license) *) (************************************************************************) -(* Classical quotient of the constructive Cauchy real numbers. *) +(* Classical quotient of the constructive Cauchy real numbers. + This file contains the definition of the classical real numbers + type R, its algebraic operations, its order and the proof that + it is total, and the proof that R is archimedean (up). + It also defines IZR, the ring morphism from Z to R. *) Require Export ZArith_base. Require Import QArith_base. -Require Import ConstructiveCauchyReals. +Require Import ConstructiveRIneq. Parameter R : Set. @@ -30,13 +34,16 @@ Local Open Scope R_scope. (* The limited principle of omniscience *) Axiom sig_forall_dec - : forall (P : nat -> Prop), (forall n, {P n} + {~P n}) - -> {n | ~P n} + {forall n, P n}. + : forall (P : nat -> Prop), + (forall n, {P n} + {~P n}) + -> {n | ~P n} + {forall n, P n}. -Axiom Rabst : CReal -> R. -Axiom Rrepr : R -> CReal. -Axiom Rquot1 : forall x y:R, CRealEq (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y) -> x = y. -Axiom Rquot2 : forall x:CReal, CRealEq (Rrepr (Rabst x)) x. +Axiom sig_not_dec : forall P : Prop, { ~~P } + { ~P }. + +Axiom Rabst : ConstructiveRIneq.R -> R. +Axiom Rrepr : R -> ConstructiveRIneq.R. +Axiom Rquot1 : forall x y:R, Req (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y) -> x = y. +Axiom Rquot2 : forall x:ConstructiveRIneq.R, Req (Rrepr (Rabst x)) x. (* Those symbols must be kept opaque, for backward compatibility. *) Module Type RbaseSymbolsSig. @@ -47,29 +54,29 @@ Module Type RbaseSymbolsSig. Parameter Ropp : R -> R. Parameter Rlt : R -> R -> Prop. - Parameter R0_def : R0 = Rabst 0%CReal. - Parameter R1_def : R1 = Rabst 1%CReal. + Parameter R0_def : R0 = Rabst (CRzero CR). + Parameter R1_def : R1 = Rabst (CRone CR). Parameter Rplus_def : forall x y : R, - Rplus x y = Rabst (CReal_plus (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). + Rplus x y = Rabst (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). Parameter Rmult_def : forall x y : R, - Rmult x y = Rabst (CReal_mult (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). + Rmult x y = Rabst (ConstructiveRIneq.Rmult (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). Parameter Ropp_def : forall x : R, - Ropp x = Rabst (CReal_opp (Rrepr x)). + Ropp x = Rabst (ConstructiveRIneq.Ropp (Rrepr x)). Parameter Rlt_def : forall x y : R, - Rlt x y = CRealLt (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y). + Rlt x y = ConstructiveRIneq.RltProp (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y). End RbaseSymbolsSig. Module RbaseSymbolsImpl : RbaseSymbolsSig. - Definition R0 : R := Rabst 0%CReal. - Definition R1 : R := Rabst 1%CReal. + Definition R0 : R := Rabst (CRzero CR). + Definition R1 : R := Rabst (CRone CR). Definition Rplus : R -> R -> R - := fun x y : R => Rabst (CReal_plus (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). + := fun x y : R => Rabst (ConstructiveRIneq.Rplus (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). Definition Rmult : R -> R -> R - := fun x y : R => Rabst (CReal_mult (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). + := fun x y : R => Rabst (ConstructiveRIneq.Rmult (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y)). Definition Ropp : R -> R - := fun x : R => Rabst (CReal_opp (Rrepr x)). + := fun x : R => Rabst (ConstructiveRIneq.Ropp (Rrepr x)). Definition Rlt : R -> R -> Prop - := fun x y : R => CRealLt (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y). + := fun x y : R => ConstructiveRIneq.RltProp (Rrepr x) (Rrepr y). Definition R0_def := eq_refl R0. Definition R1_def := eq_refl R1. @@ -151,31 +158,13 @@ Definition IZR (z:Z) : R := end. Arguments IZR z%Z : simpl never. -Lemma CRealLt_dec : forall x y : CReal, { CRealLt x y } + { ~CRealLt x y }. -Proof. - intros. - destruct (sig_forall_dec - (fun n:nat => Qle (proj1_sig y (S n) - proj1_sig x (S n)) (2 # Pos.of_nat (S n)))). - - intro n. destruct (Qlt_le_dec (2 # Pos.of_nat (S n)) - (proj1_sig y (S n) - proj1_sig x (S n))). - right. apply Qlt_not_le. exact q. left. exact q. - - left. destruct s as [n nmaj]. exists (Pos.of_nat (S n)). - rewrite Nat2Pos.id. apply Qnot_le_lt. exact nmaj. discriminate. - - right. intro abs. destruct abs as [n majn]. - specialize (q (pred (Pos.to_nat n))). - replace (S (pred (Pos.to_nat n))) with (Pos.to_nat n) in q. - rewrite Pos2Nat.id in q. - pose proof (Qle_not_lt _ _ q). contradiction. - symmetry. apply Nat.succ_pred. intro abs. - pose proof (Pos2Nat.is_pos n). rewrite abs in H. inversion H. -Qed. - Lemma total_order_T : forall r1 r2:R, {Rlt r1 r2} + {r1 = r2} + {Rlt r2 r1}. Proof. - intros. destruct (CRealLt_dec (Rrepr r1) (Rrepr r2)). - - left. left. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. exact c. - - destruct (CRealLt_dec (Rrepr r2) (Rrepr r1)). - + right. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. exact c. + intros. destruct (Rlt_lpo_dec (Rrepr r1) (Rrepr r2) sig_forall_dec). + - left. left. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. + apply Rlt_forget. exact r. + - destruct (Rlt_lpo_dec (Rrepr r2) (Rrepr r1) sig_forall_dec). + + right. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def. apply Rlt_forget. exact r0. + left. right. apply Rquot1. split; assumption. Qed. @@ -189,10 +178,13 @@ Proof. Qed. Lemma Rrepr_appart_0 : forall x:R, - (x < R0 \/ R0 < x) -> (Rrepr x # 0)%CReal. + (x < R0 \/ R0 < x) -> Rappart (Rrepr x) (CRzero CR). Proof. - intros. destruct H. left. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def, RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def, Rquot2 in H. exact H. - right. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def, RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def, Rquot2 in H. exact H. + intros. apply CRltDisjunctEpsilon. destruct H. + left. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def, RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def, Rquot2 in H. + exact H. + right. rewrite RbaseSymbolsImpl.Rlt_def, RbaseSymbolsImpl.R0_def, Rquot2 in H. + exact H. Qed. Module Type RinvSig. @@ -200,7 +192,7 @@ Module Type RinvSig. Parameter Rinv_def : forall x : R, Rinv x = match Req_appart_dec x R0 with | left _ => R0 (* / 0 is undefined, we take 0 arbitrarily *) - | right r => Rabst ((CReal_inv (Rrepr x) (Rrepr_appart_0 x r))) + | right r => Rabst ((ConstructiveRIneq.Rinv (Rrepr x) (Rrepr_appart_0 x r))) end. End RinvSig. @@ -208,7 +200,7 @@ Module RinvImpl : RinvSig. Definition Rinv : R -> R := fun x => match Req_appart_dec x R0 with | left _ => R0 (* / 0 is undefined, we take 0 arbitrarily *) - | right r => Rabst ((CReal_inv (Rrepr x) (Rrepr_appart_0 x r))) + | right r => Rabst ((ConstructiveRIneq.Rinv (Rrepr x) (Rrepr_appart_0 x r))) end. Definition Rinv_def := fun x => eq_refl (Rinv x). End RinvImpl. |
