From fa35dd6e40d2f5089b3d0a18cb6337ade4eae760 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Théo Zimmermann Date: Wed, 10 Oct 2018 19:32:45 +0200 Subject: [doc] [sphinx] Fix title levels. --- doc/sphinx/credits-contents.rst | 1402 -------------------------------------- doc/sphinx/credits.html.rst | 7 - doc/sphinx/credits.latex.rst | 3 - doc/sphinx/credits.rst | 1406 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ doc/sphinx/index.html.rst | 5 - doc/sphinx/index.latex.rst | 16 +- doc/sphinx/license.rst | 3 + 7 files changed, 1417 insertions(+), 1425 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 doc/sphinx/credits-contents.rst delete mode 100644 doc/sphinx/credits.html.rst delete mode 100644 doc/sphinx/credits.latex.rst create mode 100644 doc/sphinx/credits.rst (limited to 'doc') diff --git a/doc/sphinx/credits-contents.rst b/doc/sphinx/credits-contents.rst deleted file mode 100644 index d1df0657aa..0000000000 --- a/doc/sphinx/credits-contents.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1402 +0,0 @@ -Coq is a proof assistant for higher-order logic, allowing the -development of computer programs consistent with their formal -specification. It is the result of about ten years of research of the -Coq project. We shall briefly survey here three main aspects: the -*logical language* in which we write our axiomatizations and -specifications, the *proof assistant* which allows the development of -verified mathematical proofs, and the *program extractor* which -synthesizes computer programs obeying their formal specifications, -written as logical assertions in the language. - -The logical language used by |Coq| is a variety of type theory, called the -*Calculus of Inductive Constructions*. Without going back to Leibniz and -Boole, we can date the creation of what is now called mathematical logic -to the work of Frege and Peano at the turn of the century. The discovery -of antinomies in the free use of predicates or comprehension principles -prompted Russell to restrict predicate calculus with a stratification of -*types*. This effort culminated with *Principia Mathematica*, the first -systematic attempt at a formal foundation of mathematics. A -simplification of this system along the lines of simply typed -:math:`\lambda`-calculus occurred with Church’s *Simple Theory of -Types*. The :math:`\lambda`-calculus notation, originally used for -expressing functionality, could also be used as an encoding of natural -deduction proofs. This Curry-Howard isomorphism was used by N. de Bruijn -in the *Automath* project, the first full-scale attempt to develop and -mechanically verify mathematical proofs. This effort culminated with -Jutting’s verification of Landau’s *Grundlagen* in the 1970’s. -Exploiting this Curry-Howard isomorphism, notable achievements in proof -theory saw the emergence of two type-theoretic frameworks; the first -one, Martin-Löf’s *Intuitionistic Theory of Types*, attempts a new -foundation of mathematics on constructive principles. The second one, -Girard’s polymorphic :math:`\lambda`-calculus :math:`F_\omega`, is a -very strong functional system in which we may represent higher-order -logic proof structures. Combining both systems in a higher-order -extension of the Automath language, T. Coquand presented in 1985 the -first version of the *Calculus of Constructions*, CoC. This strong -logical system allowed powerful axiomatizations, but direct inductive -definitions were not possible, and inductive notions had to be defined -indirectly through functional encodings, which introduced inefficiencies -and awkwardness. The formalism was extended in 1989 by T. Coquand and C. -Paulin with primitive inductive definitions, leading to the current -*Calculus of Inductive Constructions*. This extended formalism is not -rigorously defined here. Rather, numerous concrete examples are -discussed. We refer the interested reader to relevant research papers -for more information about the formalism, its meta-theoretic properties, -and semantics. However, it should not be necessary to understand this -theoretical material in order to write specifications. It is possible to -understand the Calculus of Inductive Constructions at a higher level, as -a mixture of predicate calculus, inductive predicate definitions -presented as typed PROLOG, and recursive function definitions close to -the language ML. - -Automated theorem-proving was pioneered in the 1960’s by Davis and -Putnam in propositional calculus. A complete mechanization (in the sense -of a semidecision procedure) of classical first-order logic was -proposed in 1965 by J.A. Robinson, with a single uniform inference rule -called *resolution*. Resolution relies on solving equations in free -algebras (i.e. term structures), using the *unification algorithm*. Many -refinements of resolution were studied in the 1970’s, but few convincing -implementations were realized, except of course that PROLOG is in some -sense issued from this effort. A less ambitious approach to proof -development is computer-aided proof-checking. The most notable -proof-checkers developed in the 1970’s were LCF, designed by R. Milner -and his colleagues at U. Edinburgh, specialized in proving properties -about denotational semantics recursion equations, and the Boyer and -Moore theorem-prover, an automation of primitive recursion over -inductive data types. While the Boyer-Moore theorem-prover attempted to -synthesize proofs by a combination of automated methods, LCF constructed -its proofs through the programming of *tactics*, written in a high-level -functional meta-language, ML. - -The salient feature which clearly distinguishes our proof assistant from -say LCF or Boyer and Moore’s, is its possibility to extract programs -from the constructive contents of proofs. This computational -interpretation of proof objects, in the tradition of Bishop’s -constructive mathematics, is based on a realizability interpretation, in -the sense of Kleene, due to C. Paulin. The user must just mark his -intention by separating in the logical statements the assertions stating -the existence of a computational object from the logical assertions -which specify its properties, but which may be considered as just -comments in the corresponding program. Given this information, the -system automatically extracts a functional term from a consistency proof -of its specifications. This functional term may be in turn compiled into -an actual computer program. This methodology of extracting programs from -proofs is a revolutionary paradigm for software engineering. Program -synthesis has long been a theme of research in artificial intelligence, -pioneered by R. Waldinger. The Tablog system of Z. Manna and R. -Waldinger allows the deductive synthesis of functional programs from -proofs in tableau form of their specifications, written in a variety of -first-order logic. Development of a systematic *programming logic*, -based on extensions of Martin-Löf’s type theory, was undertaken at -Cornell U. by the Nuprl team, headed by R. Constable. The first actual -program extractor, PX, was designed and implemented around 1985 by S. -Hayashi from Kyoto University. It allows the extraction of a LISP -program from a proof in a logical system inspired by the logical -formalisms of S. Feferman. Interest in this methodology is growing in -the theoretical computer science community. We can foresee the day when -actual computer systems used in applications will contain certified -modules, automatically generated from a consistency proof of their -formal specifications. We are however still far from being able to use -this methodology in a smooth interaction with the standard tools from -software engineering, i.e. compilers, linkers, run-time systems taking -advantage of special hardware, debuggers, and the like. We hope that |Coq| -can be of use to researchers interested in experimenting with this new -methodology. - -A first implementation of CoC was started in 1984 by G. Huet and T. -Coquand. Its implementation language was CAML, a functional programming -language from the ML family designed at INRIA in Rocquencourt. The core -of this system was a proof-checker for CoC seen as a typed -:math:`\lambda`-calculus, called the *Constructive Engine*. This engine -was operated through a high-level notation permitting the declaration of -axioms and parameters, the definition of mathematical types and objects, -and the explicit construction of proof objects encoded as -:math:`\lambda`-terms. A section mechanism, designed and implemented by -G. Dowek, allowed hierarchical developments of mathematical theories. -This high-level language was called the *Mathematical Vernacular*. -Furthermore, an interactive *Theorem Prover* permitted the incremental -construction of proof trees in a top-down manner, subgoaling recursively -and backtracking from dead-alleys. The theorem prover executed tactics -written in CAML, in the LCF fashion. A basic set of tactics was -predefined, which the user could extend by his own specific tactics. -This system (Version 4.10) was released in 1989. Then, the system was -extended to deal with the new calculus with inductive types by C. -Paulin, with corresponding new tactics for proofs by induction. A new -standard set of tactics was streamlined, and the vernacular extended for -tactics execution. A package to compile programs extracted from proofs -to actual computer programs in CAML or some other functional language -was designed and implemented by B. Werner. A new user-interface, relying -on a CAML-X interface by D. de Rauglaudre, was designed and implemented -by A. Felty. It allowed operation of the theorem-prover through the -manipulation of windows, menus, mouse-sensitive buttons, and other -widgets. This system (Version 5.6) was released in 1991. - -Coq was ported to the new implementation Caml-light of X. Leroy and D. -Doligez by D. de Rauglaudre (Version 5.7) in 1992. A new version of |Coq| -was then coordinated by C. Murthy, with new tools designed by C. Parent -to prove properties of ML programs (this methodology is dual to program -extraction) and a new user-interaction loop. This system (Version 5.8) -was released in May 1993. A Centaur interface CTCoq was then developed -by Y. Bertot from the Croap project from INRIA-Sophia-Antipolis. - -In parallel, G. Dowek and H. Herbelin developed a new proof engine, -allowing the general manipulation of existential variables consistently -with dependent types in an experimental version of |Coq| (V5.9). - -The version V5.10 of |Coq| is based on a generic system for manipulating -terms with binding operators due to Chet Murthy. A new proof engine -allows the parallel development of partial proofs for independent -subgoals. The structure of these proof trees is a mixed representation -of derivation trees for the Calculus of Inductive Constructions with -abstract syntax trees for the tactics scripts, allowing the navigation -in a proof at various levels of details. The proof engine allows generic -environment items managed in an object-oriented way. This new -architecture, due to C. Murthy, supports several new facilities which -make the system easier to extend and to scale up: - -- User-programmable tactics are allowed - -- It is possible to separately verify development modules, and to load - their compiled images without verifying them again - a quick - relocation process allows their fast loading - -- A generic parsing scheme allows user-definable notations, with a - symmetric table-driven pretty-printer - -- Syntactic definitions allow convenient abbreviations - -- A limited facility of meta-variables allows the automatic synthesis - of certain type expressions, allowing generic notations for e.g. - equality, pairing, and existential quantification. - -In the Fall of 1994, C. Paulin-Mohring replaced the structure of -inductively defined types and families by a new structure, allowing the -mutually recursive definitions. P. Manoury implemented a translation of -recursive definitions into the primitive recursive style imposed by the -internal recursion operators, in the style of the ProPre system. C. -Muñoz implemented a decision procedure for intuitionistic propositional -logic, based on results of R. Dyckhoff. J.C. Filliâtre implemented a -decision procedure for first-order logic without contraction, based on -results of J. Ketonen and R. Weyhrauch. Finally C. Murthy implemented a -library of inversion tactics, relieving the user from tedious -definitions of “inversion predicates”. - -| Rocquencourt, Feb. 1st 1995 -| Gérard Huet -| - -Credits: addendum for version 6.1 -================================= - -The present version 6.1 of |Coq| is based on the V5.10 architecture. It -was ported to the new language Objective Caml by Bruno Barras. The -underlying framework has slightly changed and allows more conversions -between sorts. - -The new version provides powerful tools for easier developments. - -Cristina Cornes designed an extension of the |Coq| syntax to allow -definition of terms using a powerful pattern matching analysis in the -style of ML programs. - -Amokrane Saïbi wrote a mechanism to simulate inheritance between types -families extending a proposal by Peter Aczel. He also developed a -mechanism to automatically compute which arguments of a constant may be -inferred by the system and consequently do not need to be explicitly -written. - -Yann Coscoy designed a command which explains a proof term using natural -language. Pierre Crégut built a new tactic which solves problems in -quantifier-free Presburger Arithmetic. Both functionalities have been -integrated to the |Coq| system by Hugo Herbelin. - -Samuel Boutin designed a tactic for simplification of commutative rings -using a canonical set of rewriting rules and equality modulo -associativity and commutativity. - -Finally the organisation of the |Coq| distribution has been supervised by -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre with the help of Judicaël Courant and Bruno -Barras. - -| Lyon, Nov. 18th 1996 -| Christine Paulin -| - -Credits: addendum for version 6.2 -================================= - -In version 6.2 of |Coq|, the parsing is done using camlp4, a preprocessor -and pretty-printer for CAML designed by Daniel de Rauglaudre at INRIA. -Daniel de Rauglaudre made the first adaptation of |Coq| for camlp4, this -work was continued by Bruno Barras who also changed the structure of |Coq| -abstract syntax trees and the primitives to manipulate them. The result -of these changes is a faster parsing procedure with greatly improved -syntax-error messages. The user-interface to introduce grammar or -pretty-printing rules has also changed. - -Eduardo Giménez redesigned the internal tactic libraries, giving uniform -names to Caml functions corresponding to |Coq| tactic names. - -Bruno Barras wrote new, more efficient reduction functions. - -Hugo Herbelin introduced more uniform notations in the |Coq| specification -language: the definitions by fixpoints and pattern matching have a more -readable syntax. Patrick Loiseleur introduced user-friendly notations -for arithmetic expressions. - -New tactics were introduced: Eduardo Giménez improved the mechanism to -introduce macros for tactics, and designed special tactics for -(co)inductive definitions; Patrick Loiseleur designed a tactic to -simplify polynomial expressions in an arbitrary commutative ring which -generalizes the previous tactic implemented by Samuel Boutin. -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre introduced a tactic for refining a goal, using -a proof term with holes as a proof scheme. - -David Delahaye designed the tool to search an object in the library -given its type (up to isomorphism). - -Henri Laulhère produced the |Coq| distribution for the Windows -environment. - -Finally, Hugo Herbelin was the main coordinator of the |Coq| documentation -with principal contributions by Bruno Barras, David Delahaye, -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Eduardo Giménez, Hugo Herbelin and Patrick -Loiseleur. - -| Orsay, May 4th 1998 -| Christine Paulin -| - -Credits: addendum for version 6.3 -================================= - -The main changes in version V6.3 were the introduction of a few new -tactics and the extension of the guard condition for fixpoint -definitions. - -B. Barras extended the unification algorithm to complete partial terms -and fixed various tricky bugs related to universes. - -D. Delahaye developed the ``AutoRewrite`` tactic. He also designed the -new behavior of ``Intro`` and provided the tacticals ``First`` and -``Solve``. - -J.-C. Filliâtre developed the ``Correctness`` tactic. - -\E. Giménez extended the guard condition in fixpoints. - -H. Herbelin designed the new syntax for definitions and extended the -``Induction`` tactic. - -P. Loiseleur developed the ``Quote`` tactic and the new design of the -``Auto`` tactic, he also introduced the index of errors in the -documentation. - -C. Paulin wrote the ``Focus`` command and introduced the reduction -functions in definitions, this last feature was proposed by J.-F. -Monin from CNET Lannion. - -| Orsay, Dec. 1999 -| Christine Paulin -| - -Credits: versions 7 -=================== - -The version V7 is a new implementation started in September 1999 by -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre. This is a major revision with respect to the -internal architecture of the system. The |Coq| version 7.0 was distributed -in March 2001, version 7.1 in September 2001, version 7.2 in January -2002, version 7.3 in May 2002 and version 7.4 in February 2003. - -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre designed the architecture of the new system. -He introduced a new representation for environments and wrote a new -kernel for type checking terms. His approach was to use functional -data-structures in order to get more sharing, to prepare the addition of -modules and also to get closer to a certified kernel. - -Hugo Herbelin introduced a new structure of terms with local -definitions. He introduced “qualified” names, wrote a new -pattern matching compilation algorithm and designed a more compact -algorithm for checking the logical consistency of universes. He -contributed to the simplification of |Coq| internal structures and the -optimisation of the system. He added basic tactics for forward reasoning -and coercions in patterns. - -David Delahaye introduced a new language for tactics. General tactics -using pattern matching on goals and context can directly be written from -the |Coq| toplevel. He also provided primitives for the design of -user-defined tactics in Caml. - -Micaela Mayero contributed the library on real numbers. Olivier -Desmettre extended this library with axiomatic trigonometric functions, -square, square roots, finite sums, Chasles property and basic plane -geometry. - -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre and Pierre Letouzey redesigned a new -extraction procedure from |Coq| terms to Caml or Haskell programs. This -new extraction procedure, unlike the one implemented in previous version -of |Coq| is able to handle all terms in the Calculus of Inductive -Constructions, even involving universes and strong elimination. P. -Letouzey adapted user contributions to extract ML programs when it was -sensible. Jean-Christophe Filliâtre wrote ``coqdoc``, a documentation -tool for |Coq| libraries usable from version 7.2. - -Bruno Barras improved the efficiency of the reduction algorithm and the -confidence level in the correctness of |Coq| critical type checking -algorithm. - -Yves Bertot designed the ``SearchPattern`` and ``SearchRewrite`` tools -and the support for the pcoq interface -(http://www-sop.inria.fr/lemme/pcoq/). - -Micaela Mayero and David Delahaye introduced Field, a decision tactic -for commutative fields. - -Christine Paulin changed the elimination rules for empty and singleton -propositional inductive types. - -Loïc Pottier developed Fourier, a tactic solving linear inequalities on -real numbers. - -Pierre Crégut developed a new, reflection-based version of the Omega -decision procedure. - -Claudio Sacerdoti Coen designed an XML output for the |Coq| modules to be -used in the Hypertextual Electronic Library of Mathematics (HELM cf -http://www.cs.unibo.it/helm). - -A library for efficient representation of finite maps using binary trees -contributed by Jean Goubault was integrated in the basic theories. - -Pierre Courtieu developed a command and a tactic to reason on the -inductive structure of recursively defined functions. - -Jacek Chrząszcz designed and implemented the module system of |Coq| whose -foundations are in Judicaël Courant’s PhD thesis. - -The development was coordinated by C. Paulin. - -Many discussions within the Démons team and the LogiCal project -influenced significantly the design of |Coq| especially with J. Courant, -J. Duprat, J. Goubault, A. Miquel, C. Marché, B. Monate and B. Werner. - -Intensive users suggested improvements of the system : Y. Bertot, L. -Pottier, L. Théry, P. Zimmerman from INRIA, C. Alvarado, P. Crégut, -J.-F. Monin from France Telecom R & D. - -| Orsay, May. 2002 -| Hugo Herbelin & Christine Paulin -| - -Credits: version 8.0 -==================== - -Coq version 8 is a major revision of the |Coq| proof assistant. First, the -underlying logic is slightly different. The so-called *impredicativity* -of the sort Set has been dropped. The main reason is that it is -inconsistent with the principle of description which is quite a useful -principle for formalizing mathematics within classical logic. Moreover, -even in an constructive setting, the impredicativity of Set does not add -so much in practice and is even subject of criticism from a large part -of the intuitionistic mathematician community. Nevertheless, the -impredicativity of Set remains optional for users interested in -investigating mathematical developments which rely on it. - -Secondly, the concrete syntax of terms has been completely revised. The -main motivations were - -- a more uniform, purified style: all constructions are now lowercase, - with a functional programming perfume (e.g. abstraction is now - written fun), and more directly accessible to the novice (e.g. - dependent product is now written forall and allows omission of - types). Also, parentheses are no longer mandatory for function - application. - -- extensibility: some standard notations (e.g. “<” and “>”) were - incompatible with the previous syntax. Now all standard arithmetic - notations (=, +, \*, /, <, <=, ... and more) are directly part of the - syntax. - -Together with the revision of the concrete syntax, a new mechanism of -*interpretation scopes* permits to reuse the same symbols (typically +, --, \*, /, <, <=) in various mathematical theories without any -ambiguities for |Coq|, leading to a largely improved readability of |Coq| -scripts. New commands to easily add new symbols are also provided. - -Coming with the new syntax of terms, a slight reform of the tactic -language and of the language of commands has been carried out. The -purpose here is a better uniformity making the tactics and commands -easier to use and to remember. - -Thirdly, a restructuring and uniformization of the standard library of -Coq has been performed. There is now just one Leibniz equality usable -for all the different kinds of |Coq| objects. Also, the set of real -numbers now lies at the same level as the sets of natural and integer -numbers. Finally, the names of the standard properties of numbers now -follow a standard pattern and the symbolic notations for the standard -definitions as well. - -The fourth point is the release of |CoqIDE|, a new graphical gtk2-based -interface fully integrated with |Coq|. Close in style to the Proof General -Emacs interface, it is faster and its integration with |Coq| makes -interactive developments more friendly. All mathematical Unicode symbols -are usable within |CoqIDE|. - -Finally, the module system of |Coq| completes the picture of |Coq| version -8.0. Though released with an experimental status in the previous version -7.4, it should be considered as a salient feature of the new version. - -Besides, |Coq| comes with its load of novelties and improvements: new or -improved tactics (including a new tactic for solving first-order -statements), new management commands, extended libraries. - -Bruno Barras and Hugo Herbelin have been the main contributors of the -reflection and the implementation of the new syntax. The smart automatic -translator from old to new syntax released with |Coq| is also their work -with contributions by Olivier Desmettre. - -Hugo Herbelin is the main designer and implementer of the notion of -interpretation scopes and of the commands for easily adding new -notations. - -Hugo Herbelin is the main implementer of the restructured standard library. - -Pierre Corbineau is the main designer and implementer of the new tactic -for solving first-order statements in presence of inductive types. He is -also the maintainer of the non-domain specific automation tactics. - -Benjamin Monate is the developer of the |CoqIDE| graphical interface with -contributions by Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Pierre Letouzey, Claude -Marché and Bruno Barras. - -Claude Marché coordinated the edition of the Reference Manual for |Coq| -V8.0. - -Pierre Letouzey and Jacek Chrząszcz respectively maintained the -extraction tool and module system of |Coq|. - -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Pierre Letouzey, Hugo Herbelin and other -contributors from Sophia-Antipolis and Nijmegen participated in -extending the library. - -Julien Narboux built a NSIS-based automatic |Coq| installation tool for -the Windows platform. - -Hugo Herbelin and Christine Paulin coordinated the development which was -under the responsibility of Christine Paulin. - -| Palaiseau & Orsay, Apr. 2004 -| Hugo Herbelin & Christine Paulin -| (updated Apr. 2006) -| - -Credits: version 8.1 -==================== - -Coq version 8.1 adds various new functionalities. - -Benjamin Grégoire implemented an alternative algorithm to check the -convertibility of terms in the |Coq| type checker. This alternative -algorithm works by compilation to an efficient bytecode that is -interpreted in an abstract machine similar to Xavier Leroy’s ZINC -machine. Convertibility is performed by comparing the normal forms. This -alternative algorithm is specifically interesting for proofs by -reflection. More generally, it is convenient in case of intensive -computations. - -Christine Paulin implemented an extension of inductive types allowing -recursively non uniform parameters. Hugo Herbelin implemented -sort-polymorphism for inductive types (now called template polymorphism). - -Claudio Sacerdoti Coen improved the tactics for rewriting on arbitrary -compatible equivalence relations. He also generalized rewriting to -arbitrary transition systems. - -Claudio Sacerdoti Coen added new features to the module system. - -Benjamin Grégoire, Assia Mahboubi and Bruno Barras developed a new, more -efficient and more general simplification algorithm for rings and -semirings. - -Laurent Théry and Bruno Barras developed a new, significantly more -efficient simplification algorithm for fields. - -Hugo Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey, Julien Forest, Julien Narboux and -Claudio Sacerdoti Coen added new tactic features. - -Hugo Herbelin implemented matching on disjunctive patterns. - -New mechanisms made easier the communication between |Coq| and external -provers. Nicolas Ayache and Jean-Christophe Filliâtre implemented -connections with the provers cvcl, Simplify and zenon. Hugo Herbelin -implemented an experimental protocol for calling external tools from the -tactic language. - -Matthieu Sozeau developed Russell, an experimental language to specify -the behavior of programs with subtypes. - -A mechanism to automatically use some specific tactic to solve -unresolved implicit has been implemented by Hugo Herbelin. - -Laurent Théry’s contribution on strings and Pierre Letouzey and -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre’s contribution on finite maps have been -integrated to the |Coq| standard library. Pierre Letouzey developed a -library about finite sets “à la Objective Caml”. With Jean-Marc Notin, -he extended the library on lists. Pierre Letouzey’s contribution on -rational numbers has been integrated and extended. - -Pierre Corbineau extended his tactic for solving first-order statements. -He wrote a reflection-based intuitionistic tautology solver. - -Pierre Courtieu, Julien Forest and Yves Bertot added extra support to -reason on the inductive structure of recursively defined functions. - -Jean-Marc Notin significantly contributed to the general maintenance of -the system. He also took care of `coqdoc`. - -Pierre Castéran contributed to the documentation of (co-)inductive types -and suggested improvements to the libraries. - -Pierre Corbineau implemented a declarative mathematical proof language, -usable in combination with the tactic-based style of proof. - -Finally, many users suggested improvements of the system through the -Coq-Club mailing list and bug-tracker systems, especially user groups -from INRIA Rocquencourt, Radboud University, University of Pennsylvania -and Yale University. - -| Palaiseau, July 2006 -| Hugo Herbelin -| - -Credits: version 8.2 -==================== - -Coq version 8.2 adds new features, new libraries and improves on many -various aspects. - -Regarding the language of |Coq|, the main novelty is the introduction by -Matthieu Sozeau of a package of commands providing Haskell-style typeclasses. -Typeclasses, which come with a few convenient features such as -type-based resolution of implicit arguments, play a new landmark role -in the architecture of |Coq| with respect to automation. For -instance, thanks to typeclass support, Matthieu Sozeau could -implement a new resolution-based version of the tactics dedicated to -rewriting on arbitrary transitive relations. - -Another major improvement of |Coq| 8.2 is the evolution of the arithmetic -libraries and of the tools associated to them. Benjamin Grégoire and -Laurent Théry contributed a modular library for building arbitrarily -large integers from bounded integers while Evgeny Makarov contributed a -modular library of abstract natural and integer arithmetic together -with a few convenient tactics. On his side, Pierre Letouzey made -numerous extensions to the arithmetic libraries on :math:`\mathbb{Z}` -and :math:`\mathbb{Q}`, including extra support for automation in -presence of various number-theory concepts. - -Frédéric Besson contributed a reflective tactic based on Krivine-Stengle -Positivstellensatz (the easy way) for validating provability of systems -of inequalities. The platform is flexible enough to support the -validation of any algorithm able to produce a “certificate” for the -Positivstellensatz and this covers the case of Fourier-Motzkin (for -linear systems in :math:`\mathbb{Q}` and :math:`\mathbb{R}`), -Fourier-Motzkin with cutting planes (for linear systems in -:math:`\mathbb{Z}`) and sum-of-squares (for non-linear systems). Evgeny -Makarov made the platform generic over arbitrary ordered rings. - -Arnaud Spiwack developed a library of 31-bits machine integers and, -relying on Benjamin Grégoire and Laurent Théry’s library, delivered a -library of unbounded integers in base :math:`2^{31}`. As importantly, he -developed a notion of “retro-knowledge” so as to safely extend the -kernel-located bytecode-based efficient evaluation algorithm of |Coq| -version 8.1 to use 31-bits machine arithmetic for efficiently computing -with the library of integers he developed. - -Beside the libraries, various improvements were contributed to provide a more -comfortable end-user language and more expressive tactic language. Hugo -Herbelin and Matthieu Sozeau improved the pattern matching compilation -algorithm (detection of impossible clauses in pattern matching, -automatic inference of the return type). Hugo Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey -and Matthieu Sozeau contributed various new convenient syntactic -constructs and new tactics or tactic features: more inference of -redundant information, better unification, better support for proof or -definition by fixpoint, more expressive rewriting tactics, better -support for meta-variables, more convenient notations... - -Élie Soubiran improved the module system, adding new features (such as -an “include” command) and making it more flexible and more general. He -and Pierre Letouzey improved the support for modules in the extraction -mechanism. - -Matthieu Sozeau extended the Russell language, ending in an convenient -way to write programs of given specifications, Pierre Corbineau extended -the Mathematical Proof Language and the automation tools that -accompany it, Pierre Letouzey supervised and extended various parts of the -standard library, Stéphane Glondu contributed a few tactics and -improvements, Jean-Marc Notin provided help in debugging, general -maintenance and coqdoc support, Vincent Siles contributed extensions of -the Scheme command and of injection. - -Bruno Barras implemented the `coqchk` tool: this is a stand-alone -type checker that can be used to certify .vo files. Especially, as this -verifier runs in a separate process, it is granted not to be “hijacked” -by virtually malicious extensions added to |Coq|. - -Yves Bertot, Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Pierre Courtieu and Julien -Forest acted as maintainers of features they implemented in previous -versions of |Coq|. - -Julien Narboux contributed to |CoqIDE|. Nicolas Tabareau made the -adaptation of the interface of the old “setoid rewrite” tactic to the -new version. Lionel Mamane worked on the interaction between |Coq| and its -external interfaces. With Samuel Mimram, he also helped making |Coq| -compatible with recent software tools. Russell O’Connor, Cezary -Kaliszyk, Milad Niqui contributed to improve the libraries of integers, -rational, and real numbers. We also thank many users and partners for -suggestions and feedback, in particular Pierre Castéran and Arthur -Charguéraud, the INRIA Marelle team, Georges Gonthier and the -INRIA-Microsoft Mathematical Components team, the Foundations group at -Radboud university in Nijmegen, reporters of bugs and participants to -the Coq-Club mailing list. - -| Palaiseau, June 2008 -| Hugo Herbelin -| - -Credits: version 8.3 -==================== - -Coq version 8.3 is before all a transition version with refinements or -extensions of the existing features and libraries and a new tactic nsatz -based on Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz for deciding systems of equations -over rings. - -With respect to libraries, the main evolutions are due to Pierre -Letouzey with a rewriting of the library of finite sets FSets and a new -round of evolutions in the modular development of arithmetic (library -Numbers). The reason for making FSets evolve is that the computational -and logical contents were quite intertwined in the original -implementation, leading in some cases to longer computations than -expected and this problem is solved in the new MSets implementation. As -for the modular arithmetic library, it was only dealing with the basic -arithmetic operators in the former version and its current extension -adds the standard theory of the division, min and max functions, all -made available for free to any implementation of :math:`\mathbb{N}`, -:math:`\mathbb{Z}` or :math:`\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}`. - -The main other evolutions of the library are due to Hugo Herbelin who -made a revision of the sorting library (including a certified -merge-sort) and to Guillaume Melquiond who slightly revised and cleaned -up the library of reals. - -The module system evolved significantly. Besides the resolution of some -efficiency issues and a more flexible construction of module types, Élie -Soubiran brought a new model of name equivalence, the -:math:`\Delta`-equivalence, which respects as much as possible the names -given by the users. He also designed with Pierre Letouzey a new, -convenient operator ``<+`` for nesting functor application that -provides a light notation for inheriting the properties of cascading -modules. - -The new tactic nsatz is due to Loïc Pottier. It works by computing -Gröbner bases. Regarding the existing tactics, various improvements have -been done by Matthieu Sozeau, Hugo Herbelin and Pierre Letouzey. - -Matthieu Sozeau extended and refined the typeclasses and Program -features (the Russell language). Pierre Letouzey maintained and improved -the extraction mechanism. Bruno Barras and Élie Soubiran maintained the -Coq checker, Julien Forest maintained the Function mechanism for -reasoning over recursively defined functions. Matthieu Sozeau, Hugo -Herbelin and Jean-Marc Notin maintained coqdoc. Frédéric Besson -maintained the Micromega platform for deciding systems of inequalities. -Pierre Courtieu maintained the support for the Proof General Emacs -interface. Claude Marché maintained the plugin for calling external -provers (dp). Yves Bertot made some improvements to the libraries of -lists and integers. Matthias Puech improved the search functions. -Guillaume Melquiond usefully contributed here and there. Yann -Régis-Gianas grounded the support for Unicode on a more standard and -more robust basis. - -Though invisible from outside, Arnaud Spiwack improved the general -process of management of existential variables. Pierre Letouzey and -Stéphane Glondu improved the compilation scheme of the |Coq| archive. -Vincent Gross provided support to |CoqIDE|. Jean-Marc Notin provided -support for benchmarking and archiving. - -Many users helped by reporting problems, providing patches, suggesting -improvements or making useful comments, either on the bug tracker or on -the Coq-Club mailing list. This includes but not exhaustively Cédric -Auger, Arthur Charguéraud, François Garillot, Georges Gonthier, Robin -Green, Stéphane Lescuyer, Eelis van der Weegen, ... - -Though not directly related to the implementation, special thanks are -going to Yves Bertot, Pierre Castéran, Adam Chlipala, and Benjamin -Pierce for the excellent teaching materials they provided. - -| Paris, April 2010 -| Hugo Herbelin -| - -Credits: version 8.4 -==================== - -Coq version 8.4 contains the result of three long-term projects: a new -modular library of arithmetic by Pierre Letouzey, a new proof engine by -Arnaud Spiwack and a new communication protocol for |CoqIDE| by Vincent -Gross. - -The new modular library of arithmetic extends, generalizes and unifies -the existing libraries on Peano arithmetic (types nat, N and BigN), -positive arithmetic (type positive), integer arithmetic (Z and BigZ) and -machine word arithmetic (type Int31). It provides with unified notations -(e.g. systematic use of add and mul for denoting the addition and -multiplication operators), systematic and generic development of -operators and properties of these operators for all the types mentioned -above, including gcd, pcm, power, square root, base 2 logarithm, -division, modulo, bitwise operations, logical shifts, comparisons, -iterators, ... - -The most visible feature of the new proof engine is the support for -structured scripts (bullets and proof brackets) but, even if yet not -user-available, the new engine also provides the basis for refining -existential variables using tactics, for applying tactics to several -goals simultaneously, for reordering goals, all features which are -planned for the next release. The new proof engine forced Pierre Letouzey -to reimplement info and Show Script differently. - -Before version 8.4, |CoqIDE| was linked to |Coq| with the graphical -interface living in a separate thread. From version 8.4, |CoqIDE| is a -separate process communicating with |Coq| through a textual channel. This -allows for a more robust interfacing, the ability to interrupt |Coq| -without interrupting the interface, and the ability to manage several -sessions in parallel. Relying on the infrastructure work made by Vincent -Gross, Pierre Letouzey, Pierre Boutillier and Pierre-Marie Pédrot -contributed many various refinements of |CoqIDE|. - -Coq 8.4 also comes with a bunch of various smaller-scale changes -and improvements regarding the different components of the system. - -The underlying logic has been extended with :math:`\eta`-conversion -thanks to Hugo Herbelin, Stéphane Glondu and Benjamin Grégoire. The -addition of :math:`\eta`-conversion is justified by the confidence that -the formulation of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions based on -typed equality (such as the one considered in Lee and Werner to build a -set-theoretic model of CIC :cite:`LeeWerner11`) is -applicable to the concrete implementation of |Coq|. - -The underlying logic benefited also from a refinement of the guard -condition for fixpoints by Pierre Boutillier, the point being that it is -safe to propagate the information about structurally smaller arguments -through :math:`\beta`-redexes that are blocked by the “match” -construction (blocked commutative cuts). - -Relying on the added permissiveness of the guard condition, Hugo -Herbelin could extend the pattern matching compilation algorithm so that -matching over a sequence of terms involving dependencies of a term or of -the indices of the type of a term in the type of other terms is -systematically supported. - -Regarding the high-level specification language, Pierre Boutillier -introduced the ability to give implicit arguments to anonymous -functions, Hugo Herbelin introduced the ability to define notations with -several binders (e.g. ``exists x y z, P``), Matthieu Sozeau made the -typeclass inference mechanism more robust and predictable, Enrico -Tassi introduced a command Arguments that generalizes Implicit Arguments -and Arguments Scope for assigning various properties to arguments of -constants. Various improvements in the type inference algorithm were -provided by Matthieu Sozeau and Hugo Herbelin with contributions from -Enrico Tassi. - -Regarding tactics, Hugo Herbelin introduced support for referring to -expressions occurring in the goal by pattern in tactics such as set or -destruct. Hugo Herbelin also relied on ideas from Chung-Kil Hur’s Heq -plugin to introduce automatic computation of occurrences to generalize -when using destruct and induction on types with indices. Stéphane Glondu -introduced new tactics constr\_eq, is\_evar and has\_evar to be used -when writing complex tactics. Enrico Tassi added support to fine-tuning -the behavior of simpl. Enrico Tassi added the ability to specify over -which variables of a section a lemma has to be exactly generalized. -Pierre Letouzey added a tactic timeout and the interruptibility of -vm\_compute. Bug fixes and miscellaneous improvements of the tactic -language came from Hugo Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey and Matthieu Sozeau. - -Regarding decision tactics, Loïc Pottier maintained nsatz, moving in -particular to a typeclass based reification of goals while Frédéric -Besson maintained Micromega, adding in particular support for division. - -Regarding vernacular commands, Stéphane Glondu provided new commands to -analyze the structure of type universes. - -Regarding libraries, a new library about lists of a given length (called -vectors) has been provided by Pierre Boutillier. A new instance of -finite sets based on Red-Black trees and provided by Andrew Appel has -been adapted for the standard library by Pierre Letouzey. In the library -of real analysis, Yves Bertot changed the definition of :math:`\pi` and -provided a proof of the long-standing fact yet remaining unproved in -this library, namely that :math:`sin \frac{\pi}{2} = -1`. - -Pierre Corbineau maintained the Mathematical Proof Language (C-zar). - -Bruno Barras and Benjamin Grégoire maintained the call-by-value -reduction machines. - -The extraction mechanism benefited from several improvements provided by -Pierre Letouzey. - -Pierre Letouzey maintained the module system, with contributions from -Élie Soubiran. - -Julien Forest maintained the Function command. - -Matthieu Sozeau maintained the setoid rewriting mechanism. - -Coq related tools have been upgraded too. In particular, coq\_makefile -has been largely revised by Pierre Boutillier. Also, patches from Adam -Chlipala for coqdoc have been integrated by Pierre Boutillier. - -Bruno Barras and Pierre Letouzey maintained the `coqchk` checker. - -Pierre Courtieu and Arnaud Spiwack contributed new features for using -Coq through Proof General. - -The Dp plugin has been removed. Use the plugin provided with Why 3 -instead (http://why3.lri.fr). - -Under the hood, the |Coq| architecture benefited from improvements in -terms of efficiency and robustness, especially regarding universes -management and existential variables management, thanks to Pierre -Letouzey and Yann Régis-Gianas with contributions from Stéphane Glondu -and Matthias Puech. The build system is maintained by Pierre Letouzey -with contributions from Stéphane Glondu and Pierre Boutillier. - -A new backtracking mechanism simplifying the task of external interfaces -has been designed by Pierre Letouzey. - -The general maintenance was done by Pierre Letouzey, Hugo Herbelin, -Pierre Boutillier, Matthieu Sozeau and Stéphane Glondu with also -specific contributions from Guillaume Melquiond, Julien Narboux and -Pierre-Marie Pédrot. - -Packaging tools were provided by Pierre Letouzey (Windows), Pierre -Boutillier (MacOS), Stéphane Glondu (Debian). Releasing, testing and -benchmarking support was provided by Jean-Marc Notin. - -Many suggestions for improvements were motivated by feedback from users, -on either the bug tracker or the Coq-Club mailing list. Special thanks -are going to the users who contributed patches, starting with Tom -Prince. Other patch contributors include Cédric Auger, David Baelde, Dan -Grayson, Paolo Herms, Robbert Krebbers, Marc Lasson, Hendrik Tews and -Eelis van der Weegen. - -| Paris, December 2011 -| Hugo Herbelin -| - -Credits: version 8.5 -==================== - -Coq version 8.5 contains the result of five specific long-term projects: - -- A new asynchronous evaluation and compilation mode by Enrico Tassi - with help from Bruno Barras and Carst Tankink. - -- Full integration of the new proof engine by Arnaud Spiwack helped by - Pierre-Marie Pédrot, - -- Addition of conversion and reduction based on native compilation by - Maxime Dénès and Benjamin Grégoire. - -- Full universe polymorphism for definitions and inductive types by - Matthieu Sozeau. - -- An implementation of primitive projections with - :math:`\eta`-conversion bringing significant performance improvements - when using records by Matthieu Sozeau. - -The full integration of the proof engine, by Arnaud Spiwack and -Pierre-Marie Pédrot, brings to primitive tactics and the user level Ltac -language dependent subgoals, deep backtracking and multiple goal -handling, along with miscellaneous features and an improved potential -for future modifications. Dependent subgoals allow statements in a goal -to mention the proof of another. Proofs of unsolved subgoals appear as -existential variables. Primitive backtracking makes it possible to write -a tactic with several possible outcomes which are tried successively -when subsequent tactics fail. Primitives are also available to control -the backtracking behavior of tactics. Multiple goal handling paves the -way for smarter automation tactics. It is currently used for simple goal -manipulation such as goal reordering. - -The way |Coq| processes a document in batch and interactive mode has been -redesigned by Enrico Tassi with help from Bruno Barras. Opaque proofs, -the text between Proof and Qed, can be processed asynchronously, -decoupling the checking of definitions and statements from the checking -of proofs. It improves the responsiveness of interactive development, -since proofs can be processed in the background. Similarly, compilation -of a file can be split into two phases: the first one checking only -definitions and statements and the second one checking proofs. A file -resulting from the first phase – with the .vio extension – can be -already Required. All .vio files can be turned into complete .vo files -in parallel. The same infrastructure also allows terminating tactics to -be run in parallel on a set of goals via the ``par:`` goal selector. - -|CoqIDE| was modified to cope with asynchronous checking of the document. -Its source code was also made separate from that of |Coq|, so that |CoqIDE| -no longer has a special status among user interfaces, paving the way for -decoupling its release cycle from that of |Coq| in the future. - -Carst Tankink developed a |Coq| back-end for user interfaces built on -Makarius Wenzel’s Prover IDE framework (PIDE), like PIDE/jEdit (with -help from Makarius Wenzel) or PIDE/Coqoon (with help from Alexander -Faithfull and Jesper Bengtson). The development of such features was -funded by the Paral-ITP French ANR project. - -The full universe polymorphism extension was designed by Matthieu -Sozeau. It conservatively extends the universes system and core calculus -with definitions and inductive declarations parameterized by universes -and constraints. It is based on a modification of the kernel -architecture to handle constraint checking only, leaving the generation -of constraints to the refinement/type inference engine. Accordingly, -tactics are now fully universe aware, resulting in more localized error -messages in case of inconsistencies and allowing higher-level algorithms -like unification to be entirely type safe. The internal representation -of universes has been modified but this is invisible to the user. - -The underlying logic has been extended with :math:`\eta`-conversion for -records defined with primitive projections by Matthieu Sozeau. This -additional form of :math:`\eta`-conversion is justified using the same -principle than the previously added :math:`\eta`-conversion for function -types, based on formulations of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions -with typed equality. Primitive projections, which do not carry the -parameters of the record and are rigid names (not defined as a -pattern matching construct), make working with nested records more -manageable in terms of time and space consumption. This extension and -universe polymorphism were carried out partly while Matthieu Sozeau was -working at the IAS in Princeton. - -The guard condition has been made compliant with extensional equality -principles such as propositional extensionality and univalence, thanks -to Maxime Dénès and Bruno Barras. To ensure compatibility with the -univalence axiom, a new flag “-indices-matter” has been implemented, -taking into account the universe levels of indices when computing the -levels of inductive types. This supports using |Coq| as a tool to explore -the relations between homotopy theory and type theory. - -Maxime Dénès and Benjamin Grégoire developed an implementation of -conversion test and normal form computation using the OCaml native -compiler. It complements the virtual machine conversion offering much -faster computation for expensive functions. - -Coq 8.5 also comes with a bunch of many various smaller-scale changes -and improvements regarding the different components of the system. We -shall only list a few of them. - -Pierre Boutillier developed an improved tactic for simplification of -expressions called cbn. - -Maxime Dénès maintained the bytecode-based reduction machine. Pierre -Letouzey maintained the extraction mechanism. - -Pierre-Marie Pédrot has extended the syntax of terms to, experimentally, -allow holes in terms to be solved by a locally specified tactic. - -Existential variables are referred to by identifiers rather than mere -numbers, thanks to Hugo Herbelin who also improved the tactic language -here and there. - -Error messages for universe inconsistencies have been improved by -Matthieu Sozeau. Error messages for unification and type inference -failures have been improved by Hugo Herbelin, Pierre-Marie Pédrot and -Arnaud Spiwack. - -Pierre Courtieu contributed new features for using |Coq| through Proof -General and for better interactive experience (bullets, Search, etc). - -The efficiency of the whole system has been significantly improved -thanks to contributions from Pierre-Marie Pédrot. - -A distribution channel for |Coq| packages using the OPAM tool has been -initiated by Thomas Braibant and developed by Guillaume Claret, with -contributions by Enrico Tassi and feedback from Hugo Herbelin. - -Packaging tools were provided by Pierre Letouzey and Enrico Tassi -(Windows), Pierre Boutillier, Matthieu Sozeau and Maxime Dénès (MacOS -X). Maxime Dénès improved significantly the testing and benchmarking -support. - -Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via -the bug tracker, the coq development mailing list or the Coq-Club -mailing list. Special thanks are going to the users who contributed -patches and intensive brain-storming, starting with Jason Gross, -Jonathan Leivent, Greg Malecha, Clément Pit-Claudel, Marc Lasson, Lionel -Rieg. It would however be impossible to mention with precision all names -of people who to some extent influenced the development. - -Version 8.5 is one of the most important releases of |Coq|. Its development -spanned over about 3 years and a half with about one year of -beta-testing. General maintenance during part or whole of this period -has been done by Pierre Boutillier, Pierre Courtieu, Maxime Dénès, Hugo -Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey, Guillaume Melquiond, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, -Matthieu Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Enrico Tassi as well as Bruno Barras, -Yves Bertot, Frédéric Besson, Xavier Clerc, Pierre Corbineau, -Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Julien Forest, Sébastien Hinderer, Assia -Mahboubi, Jean-Marc Notin, Yann Régis-Gianas, François Ripault, Carst -Tankink. Maxime Dénès coordinated the release process. - -| Paris, January 2015, revised December 2015, -| Hugo Herbelin, Matthieu Sozeau and the |Coq| development team -| - -Credits: version 8.6 -==================== - -Coq version 8.6 contains the result of refinements, stabilization of -8.5’s features and cleanups of the internals of the system. Over the -year of (now time-based) development, about 450 bugs were resolved and -over 100 contributions integrated. The main user visible changes are: - -- A new, faster state-of-the-art universe constraint checker, by - Jacques-Henri Jourdan. - -- In |CoqIDE| and other asynchronous interfaces, more fine-grained - asynchronous processing and error reporting by Enrico Tassi, making - |Coq| capable of recovering from errors and continue processing the - document. - -- More access to the proof engine features from Ltac: goal management - primitives, range selectors and a ``typeclasses eauto`` engine handling - multiple goals and multiple successes, by Cyprien Mangin, Matthieu - Sozeau and Arnaud Spiwack. - -- Tactic behavior uniformization and specification, generalization of - intro-patterns by Hugo Herbelin and others. - -- A brand new warning system allowing to control warnings, turn them - into errors or ignore them selectively by Maxime Dénès, Guillaume - Melquiond, Pierre-Marie Pédrot and others. - -- Irrefutable patterns in abstractions, by Daniel de Rauglaudre. - -- The ssreflect subterm selection algorithm by Georges Gonthier and - Enrico Tassi is now accessible to tactic writers through the - ssrmatching plugin. - -- Integration of LtacProf, a profiler for Ltac by Jason Gross, Paul - Steckler, Enrico Tassi and Tobias Tebbi. - -Coq 8.6 also comes with a bunch of smaller-scale changes and -improvements regarding the different components of the system. We shall -only list a few of them. - -The iota reduction flag is now a shorthand for match, fix and cofix -flags controlling the corresponding reduction rules (by Hugo Herbelin -and Maxime Dénès). - -Maxime Dénès maintained the native compilation machinery. - -Pierre-Marie Pédrot separated the Ltac code from general purpose -tactics, and generalized and rationalized the handling of generic -arguments, allowing to create new versions of Ltac more easily in the -future. - -In patterns and terms, @, abbreviations and notations are now -interpreted the same way, by Hugo Herbelin. - -Name handling for universes has been improved by Pierre-Marie Pédrot and -Matthieu Sozeau. The minimization algorithm has been improved by -Matthieu Sozeau. - -The unifier has been improved by Hugo Herbelin and Matthieu Sozeau, -fixing some incompatibilities introduced in |Coq| 8.5. Unification -constraints can now be left floating around and be seen by the user -thanks to a new option. The Keyed Unification mode has been improved by -Matthieu Sozeau. - -The typeclass resolution engine and associated proof-search tactic have -been reimplemented on top of the proof-engine monad, providing better -integration in tactics, and new options have been introduced to control -it, by Matthieu Sozeau with help from Théo Zimmermann. - -The efficiency of the whole system has been significantly improved -thanks to contributions from Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Maxime Dénès and -Matthieu Sozeau and performance issue tracking by Jason Gross and Paul -Steckler. - -Standard library improvements by Jason Gross, Sébastien Hinderer, Pierre -Letouzey and others. - -Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias contributed many cleanups and refactorings of -the pretty-printing and user interface communication components. - -Frédéric Besson maintained the micromega tactic. - -The OPAM repository for |Coq| packages has been maintained by Guillaume -Claret, Guillaume Melquiond, Matthieu Sozeau, Enrico Tassi and others. A -list of packages is now available at https://coq.inria.fr/opam/www/. - -Packaging tools and software development kits were prepared by Michael -Soegtrop with the help of Maxime Dénès and Enrico Tassi for Windows, and -Maxime Dénès and Matthieu Sozeau for MacOS X. Packages are now regularly -built on the continuous integration server. |Coq| now comes with a META -file usable with ocamlfind, contributed by Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, -Gregory Malecha, and Matthieu Sozeau. - -Matej Košík maintained and greatly improved the continuous integration -setup and the testing of |Coq| contributions. He also contributed many API -improvements and code cleanups throughout the system. - -The contributors for this version are Bruno Barras, C.J. Bell, Yves -Bertot, Frédéric Besson, Pierre Boutillier, Tej Chajed, Guillaume -Claret, Xavier Clerc, Pierre Corbineau, Pierre Courtieu, Maxime Dénès, -Ricky Elrod, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, Jason Gross, Hugo Herbelin, -Sébastien Hinderer, Jacques-Henri Jourdan, Matej Košík, Xavier Leroy, -Pierre Letouzey, Gregory Malecha, Cyprien Mangin, Erik Martin-Dorel, -Guillaume Melquiond, Clément Pit–Claudel, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Daniel de -Rauglaudre, Lionel Rieg, Gabriel Scherer, Thomas Sibut-Pinote, Matthieu -Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Paul Steckler, Enrico Tassi, Laurent Théry, -Nickolai Zeldovich and Théo Zimmermann. The development process was -coordinated by Hugo Herbelin and Matthieu Sozeau with the help of Maxime -Dénès, who was also in charge of the release process. - -Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via -the bug tracker, the pull request system, the |Coq| development mailing -list or the Coq-Club mailing list. Special thanks to the users who -contributed patches and intensive brain-storming and code reviews, -starting with Cyril Cohen, Jason Gross, Robbert Krebbers, Jonathan -Leivent, Xavier Leroy, Gregory Malecha, Clément Pit–Claudel, Gabriel -Scherer and Beta Ziliani. It would however be impossible to mention -exhaustively the names of everybody who to some extent influenced the -development. - -Version 8.6 is the first release of |Coq| developed on a time-based -development cycle. Its development spanned 10 months from the release of -Coq 8.5 and was based on a public roadmap. To date, it contains more -external contributions than any previous |Coq| system. Code reviews were -systematically done before integration of new features, with an -important focus given to compatibility and performance issues, resulting -in a hopefully more robust release than |Coq| 8.5. - -Coq Enhancement Proposals (CEPs for short) were introduced by Enrico -Tassi to provide more visibility and a discussion period on new -features, they are publicly available https://github.com/coq/ceps. - -Started during this period, an effort is led by Yves Bertot and Maxime -Dénès to put together a |Coq| consortium. - -| Paris, November 2016, -| Matthieu Sozeau and the |Coq| development team -| - -Credits: version 8.7 -==================== -|Coq| version 8.7 contains the result of refinements, stabilization of features -and cleanups of the internals of the system along with a few new features. The -main user visible changes are: - -- New tactics: variants of tactics supporting existential variables eassert, - eenough, etc... by Hugo Herbelin. Tactics extensionality in H and - inversion_sigma by Jason Gross, specialize with ... accepting partial bindings - by Pierre Courtieu. - -- Cumulative Polymorphic Inductive Types, allowing cumulativity of universes to - go through applied inductive types, by Amin Timany and Matthieu Sozeau. - -- Integration of the SSReflect plugin and its documentation in the reference - manual, by Enrico Tassi, Assia Mahboubi and Maxime Dénès. - -- The coq_makefile tool was completely redesigned to improve its maintainability - and the extensibility of generated Makefiles, and to make `_CoqProject` files - more palatable to IDEs by Enrico Tassi. - -|Coq| 8.7 involved a large amount of work on cleaning and speeding up the code -base, notably the work of Pierre-Marie Pédrot on making the tactic-level system -insensitive to existential variable expansion, providing a safer API to plugin -writers and making the code more robust. The `dev/doc/changes.txt` file -documents the numerous changes to the implementation and improvements of -interfaces. An effort to provide an official, streamlined API to plugin writers -is in progress, thanks to the work of Matej Košík. - -Version 8.7 also comes with a bunch of smaller-scale changes and improvements -regarding the different components of the system. We shall only list a few of -them. - -The efficiency of the whole system has been significantly improved thanks to -contributions from Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Maxime Dénès and Matthieu Sozeau and -performance issue tracking by Jason Gross and Paul Steckler. - -Thomas Sibut-Pinote and Hugo Herbelin added support for side effect hooks in -cbv, cbn and simpl. The side effects are provided via a plugin available at -https://github.com/herbelin/reduction-effects/. - -The BigN, BigZ, BigQ libraries are no longer part of the |Coq| standard library, -they are now provided by a separate repository https://github.com/coq/bignums, -maintained by Pierre Letouzey. - -In the Reals library, `IZR` has been changed to produce a compact representation -of integers and real constants are now represented using `IZR` (work by -Guillaume Melquiond). - -Standard library additions and improvements by Jason Gross, Pierre Letouzey and -others, documented in the ``CHANGES.md`` file. - -The mathematical proof language/declarative mode plugin was removed from the -archive. - -The OPAM repository for |Coq| packages has been maintained by Guillaume Melquiond, -Matthieu Sozeau, Enrico Tassi with contributions from many users. A list of -packages is available at https://coq.inria.fr/opam/www/. - -Packaging tools and software development kits were prepared by Michael Soegtrop -with the help of Maxime Dénès and Enrico Tassi for Windows, and Maxime Dénès for -MacOS X. Packages are regularly built on the Travis continuous integration -server. - -The contributors for this version are Abhishek Anand, C.J. Bell, Yves Bertot, -Frédéric Besson, Tej Chajed, Pierre Courtieu, Maxime Dénès, Julien Forest, -Gaëtan Gilbert, Jason Gross, Hugo Herbelin, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, Ralf -Jung, Matej Košík, Xavier Leroy, Pierre Letouzey, Assia Mahboubi, Cyprien -Mangin, Erik Martin-Dorel, Olivier Marty, Guillaume Melquiond, Sam Pablo Kuper, -Benjamin Pierce, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Lars Rasmusson, Lionel Rieg, Valentin -Robert, Yann Régis-Gianas, Thomas Sibut-Pinote, Michael Soegtrop, Matthieu -Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Paul Steckler, George Stelle, Pierre-Yves Strub, Enrico -Tassi, Hendrik Tews, Amin Timany, Laurent Théry, Vadim Zaliva and Théo -Zimmermann. - -The development process was coordinated by Matthieu Sozeau with the help of -Maxime Dénès, who was also in charge of the release process. Théo Zimmermann is -the maintainer of this release. - -Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via the bug -tracker, the pull request system, the |Coq| development mailing list or the -Coq-Club mailing list. Special thanks to the users who contributed patches and -intensive brain-storming and code reviews, starting with Jason Gross, Ralf Jung, -Robbert Krebbers, Xavier Leroy, Clément Pit–Claudel and Gabriel Scherer. It -would however be impossible to mention exhaustively the names of everybody who -to some extent influenced the development. - -Version 8.7 is the second release of |Coq| developed on a time-based development -cycle. Its development spanned 9 months from the release of |Coq| 8.6 and was -based on a public road-map. It attracted many external contributions. Code -reviews and continuous integration testing were systematically used before -integration of new features, with an important focus given to compatibility and -performance issues, resulting in a hopefully more robust release than |Coq| 8.6 -while maintaining compatibility. - -|Coq| Enhancement Proposals (CEPs for short) and open pull request discussions -were used to discuss publicly the new features. - -The |Coq| consortium, an organization directed towards users and supporters of the -system, is now upcoming and will rely on Inria’s newly created Foundation. - -| Paris, August 2017, -| Matthieu Sozeau and the |Coq| development team -| - -Credits: version 8.8 -==================== - - -|Coq| version 8.8 contains the result of refinements and stabilization of -features and deprecations, cleanups of the internals of the system along -with a few new features. The main user visible changes are: - -- Kernel: fix a subject reduction failure due to allowing fixpoints - on non-recursive values, by Matthieu Sozeau. - Handling of evars in the VM (the kernel still does not accept evars) - by Pierre-Marie Pédrot. - -- Notations: many improvements on recursive notations and support for - destructuring patterns in the syntax of notations by Hugo Herbelin. - -- Proof language: tacticals for profiling, timing and checking success - or failure of tactics by Jason Gross. The focusing bracket ``{`` - supports single-numbered goal selectors, e.g. ``2:{``, by Théo - Zimmermann. - -- Vernacular: deprecation of commands and more uniform handling of the - ``Local`` flag, by Vincent Laporte and Maxime Dénès, part of a larger - attribute system overhaul. Experimental ``Show Extraction`` command by - Pierre Letouzey. Coercion now accepts ``Prop`` or ``Type`` as a source - by Arthur Charguéraud. ``Export`` modifier for options allowing to - export the option to modules that ``Import`` and not only ``Require`` - a module, by Pierre-Marie Pédrot. - -- Universes: many user-level and API level enhancements: qualified - naming and printing, variance annotations for cumulative inductive - types, more general constraints and enhancements of the minimization - heuristics, interaction with modules by Gaëtan Gilbert, Pierre-Marie - Pédrot and Matthieu Sozeau. - -- Library: Decimal Numbers library by Pierre Letouzey and various small - improvements. - -- Documentation: a large community effort resulted in the migration - of the reference manual to the Sphinx documentation tool. The result - is this manual. The new documentation infrastructure (based on Sphinx) - is by Clément Pit-Claudel. The migration was coordinated by Maxime Dénès - and Paul Steckler, with some help of Théo Zimmermann during the - final integration phase. The 14 people who ported the manual are - Calvin Beck, Heiko Becker, Yves Bertot, Maxime Dénès, Richard Ford, - Pierre Letouzey, Assia Mahboubi, Clément Pit-Claudel, - Laurence Rideau, Matthieu Sozeau, Paul Steckler, Enrico Tassi, - Laurent Théry, Nikita Zyuzin. - -- Tools: experimental ``-mangle-names`` option to coqtop/coqc for - linting proof scripts, by Jasper Hugunin. - -On the implementation side, the ``dev/doc/changes.md`` file -documents the numerous changes to the implementation and improvements of -interfaces. The file provides guidelines on porting a plugin to the new -version. - -Version 8.8 also comes with a bunch of smaller-scale changes and -improvements regarding the different components of the system. -Most important ones are documented in the ``CHANGES.md`` file. - -The efficiency of the whole system has seen improvements thanks to -contributions from Gaëtan Gilbert, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Maxime Dénès and -Matthieu Sozeau and performance issue tracking by Jason Gross and Paul -Steckler. - -The official wiki and the bugtracker of |Coq| migrated to the GitHub -platform, thanks to the work of Pierre Letouzey and Théo -Zimmermann. Gaëtan Gilbert, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias worked on -maintaining and improving the continuous integration system. - -The OPAM repository for |Coq| packages has been maintained by Guillaume -Melquiond, Matthieu Sozeau, Enrico Tassi with contributions from many -users. A list of packages is available at https://coq.inria.fr/opam/www. - -The 44 contributors for this version are Yves Bertot, Joachim Breitner, Tej -Chajed, Arthur Charguéraud, Jacques-Pascal Deplaix, Maxime Dénès, Jim Fehrle, -Julien Forest, Yannick Forster, Gaëtan Gilbert, Jason Gross, Samuel Gruetter, -Thomas Hebb, Hugo Herbelin, Jasper Hugunin, Emilio Jesus Gallego Arias, Ralf -Jung, Johannes Kloos, Matej Košík, Robbert Krebbers, Tony Beta Lambda, Vincent -Laporte, Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine, Pierre Letouzey, Farzon Lotfi, Cyprien Mangin, -Guillaume Melquiond, Raphaël Monat, Carl Patenaude Poulin, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, -Clément Pit-Claudel, Matthew Ryan, Matt Quinn, Sigurd Schneider, Bernhard -Schommer, Michael Soegtrop, Matthieu Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Paul Steckler, -Enrico Tassi, Anton Trunov, Martin Vassor, Vadim Zaliva and Théo Zimmermann. - -Version 8.8 is the third release of |Coq| developed on a time-based -development cycle. Its development spanned 6 months from the release of -|Coq| 8.7 and was based on a public roadmap. The development process -was coordinated by Matthieu Sozeau. Maxime Dénès was in charge of the -release process. Théo Zimmermann is the maintainer of this release. - -Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via -the bug tracker, the pull request system, the |Coq| development mailing -list or the coq-club@inria.fr mailing list. Special thanks to the users who -contributed patches and intensive brain-storming and code reviews, -starting with Jason Gross, Ralf Jung, Robbert Krebbers and Amin Timany. -It would however be impossible to mention exhaustively the names -of everybody who to some extent influenced the development. - -The |Coq| consortium, an organization directed towards users and -supporters of the system, is now running and employs Maxime Dénès. -The contacts of the Coq Consortium are Yves Bertot and Maxime Dénès. - -| Santiago de Chile, March 2018, -| Matthieu Sozeau for the |Coq| development team -| diff --git a/doc/sphinx/credits.html.rst b/doc/sphinx/credits.html.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0b2b1c6ad1..0000000000 --- a/doc/sphinx/credits.html.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,7 +0,0 @@ -.. _credits: - -------- -Credits -------- - -.. include:: credits-contents.rst diff --git a/doc/sphinx/credits.latex.rst b/doc/sphinx/credits.latex.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 39101f9d52..0000000000 --- a/doc/sphinx/credits.latex.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3 +0,0 @@ -.. _credits: - -.. include:: credits-contents.rst diff --git a/doc/sphinx/credits.rst b/doc/sphinx/credits.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ffdc4f3ec6 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/sphinx/credits.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1406 @@ +------- +Credits +------- + +Coq is a proof assistant for higher-order logic, allowing the +development of computer programs consistent with their formal +specification. It is the result of about ten years of research of the +Coq project. We shall briefly survey here three main aspects: the +*logical language* in which we write our axiomatizations and +specifications, the *proof assistant* which allows the development of +verified mathematical proofs, and the *program extractor* which +synthesizes computer programs obeying their formal specifications, +written as logical assertions in the language. + +The logical language used by |Coq| is a variety of type theory, called the +*Calculus of Inductive Constructions*. Without going back to Leibniz and +Boole, we can date the creation of what is now called mathematical logic +to the work of Frege and Peano at the turn of the century. The discovery +of antinomies in the free use of predicates or comprehension principles +prompted Russell to restrict predicate calculus with a stratification of +*types*. This effort culminated with *Principia Mathematica*, the first +systematic attempt at a formal foundation of mathematics. A +simplification of this system along the lines of simply typed +:math:`\lambda`-calculus occurred with Church’s *Simple Theory of +Types*. The :math:`\lambda`-calculus notation, originally used for +expressing functionality, could also be used as an encoding of natural +deduction proofs. This Curry-Howard isomorphism was used by N. de Bruijn +in the *Automath* project, the first full-scale attempt to develop and +mechanically verify mathematical proofs. This effort culminated with +Jutting’s verification of Landau’s *Grundlagen* in the 1970’s. +Exploiting this Curry-Howard isomorphism, notable achievements in proof +theory saw the emergence of two type-theoretic frameworks; the first +one, Martin-Löf’s *Intuitionistic Theory of Types*, attempts a new +foundation of mathematics on constructive principles. The second one, +Girard’s polymorphic :math:`\lambda`-calculus :math:`F_\omega`, is a +very strong functional system in which we may represent higher-order +logic proof structures. Combining both systems in a higher-order +extension of the Automath language, T. Coquand presented in 1985 the +first version of the *Calculus of Constructions*, CoC. This strong +logical system allowed powerful axiomatizations, but direct inductive +definitions were not possible, and inductive notions had to be defined +indirectly through functional encodings, which introduced inefficiencies +and awkwardness. The formalism was extended in 1989 by T. Coquand and C. +Paulin with primitive inductive definitions, leading to the current +*Calculus of Inductive Constructions*. This extended formalism is not +rigorously defined here. Rather, numerous concrete examples are +discussed. We refer the interested reader to relevant research papers +for more information about the formalism, its meta-theoretic properties, +and semantics. However, it should not be necessary to understand this +theoretical material in order to write specifications. It is possible to +understand the Calculus of Inductive Constructions at a higher level, as +a mixture of predicate calculus, inductive predicate definitions +presented as typed PROLOG, and recursive function definitions close to +the language ML. + +Automated theorem-proving was pioneered in the 1960’s by Davis and +Putnam in propositional calculus. A complete mechanization (in the sense +of a semidecision procedure) of classical first-order logic was +proposed in 1965 by J.A. Robinson, with a single uniform inference rule +called *resolution*. Resolution relies on solving equations in free +algebras (i.e. term structures), using the *unification algorithm*. Many +refinements of resolution were studied in the 1970’s, but few convincing +implementations were realized, except of course that PROLOG is in some +sense issued from this effort. A less ambitious approach to proof +development is computer-aided proof-checking. The most notable +proof-checkers developed in the 1970’s were LCF, designed by R. Milner +and his colleagues at U. Edinburgh, specialized in proving properties +about denotational semantics recursion equations, and the Boyer and +Moore theorem-prover, an automation of primitive recursion over +inductive data types. While the Boyer-Moore theorem-prover attempted to +synthesize proofs by a combination of automated methods, LCF constructed +its proofs through the programming of *tactics*, written in a high-level +functional meta-language, ML. + +The salient feature which clearly distinguishes our proof assistant from +say LCF or Boyer and Moore’s, is its possibility to extract programs +from the constructive contents of proofs. This computational +interpretation of proof objects, in the tradition of Bishop’s +constructive mathematics, is based on a realizability interpretation, in +the sense of Kleene, due to C. Paulin. The user must just mark his +intention by separating in the logical statements the assertions stating +the existence of a computational object from the logical assertions +which specify its properties, but which may be considered as just +comments in the corresponding program. Given this information, the +system automatically extracts a functional term from a consistency proof +of its specifications. This functional term may be in turn compiled into +an actual computer program. This methodology of extracting programs from +proofs is a revolutionary paradigm for software engineering. Program +synthesis has long been a theme of research in artificial intelligence, +pioneered by R. Waldinger. The Tablog system of Z. Manna and R. +Waldinger allows the deductive synthesis of functional programs from +proofs in tableau form of their specifications, written in a variety of +first-order logic. Development of a systematic *programming logic*, +based on extensions of Martin-Löf’s type theory, was undertaken at +Cornell U. by the Nuprl team, headed by R. Constable. The first actual +program extractor, PX, was designed and implemented around 1985 by S. +Hayashi from Kyoto University. It allows the extraction of a LISP +program from a proof in a logical system inspired by the logical +formalisms of S. Feferman. Interest in this methodology is growing in +the theoretical computer science community. We can foresee the day when +actual computer systems used in applications will contain certified +modules, automatically generated from a consistency proof of their +formal specifications. We are however still far from being able to use +this methodology in a smooth interaction with the standard tools from +software engineering, i.e. compilers, linkers, run-time systems taking +advantage of special hardware, debuggers, and the like. We hope that |Coq| +can be of use to researchers interested in experimenting with this new +methodology. + +A first implementation of CoC was started in 1984 by G. Huet and T. +Coquand. Its implementation language was CAML, a functional programming +language from the ML family designed at INRIA in Rocquencourt. The core +of this system was a proof-checker for CoC seen as a typed +:math:`\lambda`-calculus, called the *Constructive Engine*. This engine +was operated through a high-level notation permitting the declaration of +axioms and parameters, the definition of mathematical types and objects, +and the explicit construction of proof objects encoded as +:math:`\lambda`-terms. A section mechanism, designed and implemented by +G. Dowek, allowed hierarchical developments of mathematical theories. +This high-level language was called the *Mathematical Vernacular*. +Furthermore, an interactive *Theorem Prover* permitted the incremental +construction of proof trees in a top-down manner, subgoaling recursively +and backtracking from dead-alleys. The theorem prover executed tactics +written in CAML, in the LCF fashion. A basic set of tactics was +predefined, which the user could extend by his own specific tactics. +This system (Version 4.10) was released in 1989. Then, the system was +extended to deal with the new calculus with inductive types by C. +Paulin, with corresponding new tactics for proofs by induction. A new +standard set of tactics was streamlined, and the vernacular extended for +tactics execution. A package to compile programs extracted from proofs +to actual computer programs in CAML or some other functional language +was designed and implemented by B. Werner. A new user-interface, relying +on a CAML-X interface by D. de Rauglaudre, was designed and implemented +by A. Felty. It allowed operation of the theorem-prover through the +manipulation of windows, menus, mouse-sensitive buttons, and other +widgets. This system (Version 5.6) was released in 1991. + +Coq was ported to the new implementation Caml-light of X. Leroy and D. +Doligez by D. de Rauglaudre (Version 5.7) in 1992. A new version of |Coq| +was then coordinated by C. Murthy, with new tools designed by C. Parent +to prove properties of ML programs (this methodology is dual to program +extraction) and a new user-interaction loop. This system (Version 5.8) +was released in May 1993. A Centaur interface CTCoq was then developed +by Y. Bertot from the Croap project from INRIA-Sophia-Antipolis. + +In parallel, G. Dowek and H. Herbelin developed a new proof engine, +allowing the general manipulation of existential variables consistently +with dependent types in an experimental version of |Coq| (V5.9). + +The version V5.10 of |Coq| is based on a generic system for manipulating +terms with binding operators due to Chet Murthy. A new proof engine +allows the parallel development of partial proofs for independent +subgoals. The structure of these proof trees is a mixed representation +of derivation trees for the Calculus of Inductive Constructions with +abstract syntax trees for the tactics scripts, allowing the navigation +in a proof at various levels of details. The proof engine allows generic +environment items managed in an object-oriented way. This new +architecture, due to C. Murthy, supports several new facilities which +make the system easier to extend and to scale up: + +- User-programmable tactics are allowed + +- It is possible to separately verify development modules, and to load + their compiled images without verifying them again - a quick + relocation process allows their fast loading + +- A generic parsing scheme allows user-definable notations, with a + symmetric table-driven pretty-printer + +- Syntactic definitions allow convenient abbreviations + +- A limited facility of meta-variables allows the automatic synthesis + of certain type expressions, allowing generic notations for e.g. + equality, pairing, and existential quantification. + +In the Fall of 1994, C. Paulin-Mohring replaced the structure of +inductively defined types and families by a new structure, allowing the +mutually recursive definitions. P. Manoury implemented a translation of +recursive definitions into the primitive recursive style imposed by the +internal recursion operators, in the style of the ProPre system. C. +Muñoz implemented a decision procedure for intuitionistic propositional +logic, based on results of R. Dyckhoff. J.C. Filliâtre implemented a +decision procedure for first-order logic without contraction, based on +results of J. Ketonen and R. Weyhrauch. Finally C. Murthy implemented a +library of inversion tactics, relieving the user from tedious +definitions of “inversion predicates”. + +| Rocquencourt, Feb. 1st 1995 +| Gérard Huet +| + +Credits: addendum for version 6.1 +--------------------------------- + +The present version 6.1 of |Coq| is based on the V5.10 architecture. It +was ported to the new language Objective Caml by Bruno Barras. The +underlying framework has slightly changed and allows more conversions +between sorts. + +The new version provides powerful tools for easier developments. + +Cristina Cornes designed an extension of the |Coq| syntax to allow +definition of terms using a powerful pattern matching analysis in the +style of ML programs. + +Amokrane Saïbi wrote a mechanism to simulate inheritance between types +families extending a proposal by Peter Aczel. He also developed a +mechanism to automatically compute which arguments of a constant may be +inferred by the system and consequently do not need to be explicitly +written. + +Yann Coscoy designed a command which explains a proof term using natural +language. Pierre Crégut built a new tactic which solves problems in +quantifier-free Presburger Arithmetic. Both functionalities have been +integrated to the |Coq| system by Hugo Herbelin. + +Samuel Boutin designed a tactic for simplification of commutative rings +using a canonical set of rewriting rules and equality modulo +associativity and commutativity. + +Finally the organisation of the |Coq| distribution has been supervised by +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre with the help of Judicaël Courant and Bruno +Barras. + +| Lyon, Nov. 18th 1996 +| Christine Paulin +| + +Credits: addendum for version 6.2 +--------------------------------- + +In version 6.2 of |Coq|, the parsing is done using camlp4, a preprocessor +and pretty-printer for CAML designed by Daniel de Rauglaudre at INRIA. +Daniel de Rauglaudre made the first adaptation of |Coq| for camlp4, this +work was continued by Bruno Barras who also changed the structure of |Coq| +abstract syntax trees and the primitives to manipulate them. The result +of these changes is a faster parsing procedure with greatly improved +syntax-error messages. The user-interface to introduce grammar or +pretty-printing rules has also changed. + +Eduardo Giménez redesigned the internal tactic libraries, giving uniform +names to Caml functions corresponding to |Coq| tactic names. + +Bruno Barras wrote new, more efficient reduction functions. + +Hugo Herbelin introduced more uniform notations in the |Coq| specification +language: the definitions by fixpoints and pattern matching have a more +readable syntax. Patrick Loiseleur introduced user-friendly notations +for arithmetic expressions. + +New tactics were introduced: Eduardo Giménez improved the mechanism to +introduce macros for tactics, and designed special tactics for +(co)inductive definitions; Patrick Loiseleur designed a tactic to +simplify polynomial expressions in an arbitrary commutative ring which +generalizes the previous tactic implemented by Samuel Boutin. +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre introduced a tactic for refining a goal, using +a proof term with holes as a proof scheme. + +David Delahaye designed the tool to search an object in the library +given its type (up to isomorphism). + +Henri Laulhère produced the |Coq| distribution for the Windows +environment. + +Finally, Hugo Herbelin was the main coordinator of the |Coq| documentation +with principal contributions by Bruno Barras, David Delahaye, +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Eduardo Giménez, Hugo Herbelin and Patrick +Loiseleur. + +| Orsay, May 4th 1998 +| Christine Paulin +| + +Credits: addendum for version 6.3 +--------------------------------- + +The main changes in version V6.3 were the introduction of a few new +tactics and the extension of the guard condition for fixpoint +definitions. + +B. Barras extended the unification algorithm to complete partial terms +and fixed various tricky bugs related to universes. + +D. Delahaye developed the ``AutoRewrite`` tactic. He also designed the +new behavior of ``Intro`` and provided the tacticals ``First`` and +``Solve``. + +J.-C. Filliâtre developed the ``Correctness`` tactic. + +\E. Giménez extended the guard condition in fixpoints. + +H. Herbelin designed the new syntax for definitions and extended the +``Induction`` tactic. + +P. Loiseleur developed the ``Quote`` tactic and the new design of the +``Auto`` tactic, he also introduced the index of errors in the +documentation. + +C. Paulin wrote the ``Focus`` command and introduced the reduction +functions in definitions, this last feature was proposed by J.-F. +Monin from CNET Lannion. + +| Orsay, Dec. 1999 +| Christine Paulin +| + +Credits: versions 7 +------------------- + +The version V7 is a new implementation started in September 1999 by +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre. This is a major revision with respect to the +internal architecture of the system. The |Coq| version 7.0 was distributed +in March 2001, version 7.1 in September 2001, version 7.2 in January +2002, version 7.3 in May 2002 and version 7.4 in February 2003. + +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre designed the architecture of the new system. +He introduced a new representation for environments and wrote a new +kernel for type checking terms. His approach was to use functional +data-structures in order to get more sharing, to prepare the addition of +modules and also to get closer to a certified kernel. + +Hugo Herbelin introduced a new structure of terms with local +definitions. He introduced “qualified” names, wrote a new +pattern matching compilation algorithm and designed a more compact +algorithm for checking the logical consistency of universes. He +contributed to the simplification of |Coq| internal structures and the +optimisation of the system. He added basic tactics for forward reasoning +and coercions in patterns. + +David Delahaye introduced a new language for tactics. General tactics +using pattern matching on goals and context can directly be written from +the |Coq| toplevel. He also provided primitives for the design of +user-defined tactics in Caml. + +Micaela Mayero contributed the library on real numbers. Olivier +Desmettre extended this library with axiomatic trigonometric functions, +square, square roots, finite sums, Chasles property and basic plane +geometry. + +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre and Pierre Letouzey redesigned a new +extraction procedure from |Coq| terms to Caml or Haskell programs. This +new extraction procedure, unlike the one implemented in previous version +of |Coq| is able to handle all terms in the Calculus of Inductive +Constructions, even involving universes and strong elimination. P. +Letouzey adapted user contributions to extract ML programs when it was +sensible. Jean-Christophe Filliâtre wrote ``coqdoc``, a documentation +tool for |Coq| libraries usable from version 7.2. + +Bruno Barras improved the efficiency of the reduction algorithm and the +confidence level in the correctness of |Coq| critical type checking +algorithm. + +Yves Bertot designed the ``SearchPattern`` and ``SearchRewrite`` tools +and the support for the pcoq interface +(http://www-sop.inria.fr/lemme/pcoq/). + +Micaela Mayero and David Delahaye introduced Field, a decision tactic +for commutative fields. + +Christine Paulin changed the elimination rules for empty and singleton +propositional inductive types. + +Loïc Pottier developed Fourier, a tactic solving linear inequalities on +real numbers. + +Pierre Crégut developed a new, reflection-based version of the Omega +decision procedure. + +Claudio Sacerdoti Coen designed an XML output for the |Coq| modules to be +used in the Hypertextual Electronic Library of Mathematics (HELM cf +http://www.cs.unibo.it/helm). + +A library for efficient representation of finite maps using binary trees +contributed by Jean Goubault was integrated in the basic theories. + +Pierre Courtieu developed a command and a tactic to reason on the +inductive structure of recursively defined functions. + +Jacek Chrząszcz designed and implemented the module system of |Coq| whose +foundations are in Judicaël Courant’s PhD thesis. + +The development was coordinated by C. Paulin. + +Many discussions within the Démons team and the LogiCal project +influenced significantly the design of |Coq| especially with J. Courant, +J. Duprat, J. Goubault, A. Miquel, C. Marché, B. Monate and B. Werner. + +Intensive users suggested improvements of the system : Y. Bertot, L. +Pottier, L. Théry, P. Zimmerman from INRIA, C. Alvarado, P. Crégut, +J.-F. Monin from France Telecom R & D. + +| Orsay, May. 2002 +| Hugo Herbelin & Christine Paulin +| + +Credits: version 8.0 +-------------------- + +Coq version 8 is a major revision of the |Coq| proof assistant. First, the +underlying logic is slightly different. The so-called *impredicativity* +of the sort Set has been dropped. The main reason is that it is +inconsistent with the principle of description which is quite a useful +principle for formalizing mathematics within classical logic. Moreover, +even in an constructive setting, the impredicativity of Set does not add +so much in practice and is even subject of criticism from a large part +of the intuitionistic mathematician community. Nevertheless, the +impredicativity of Set remains optional for users interested in +investigating mathematical developments which rely on it. + +Secondly, the concrete syntax of terms has been completely revised. The +main motivations were + +- a more uniform, purified style: all constructions are now lowercase, + with a functional programming perfume (e.g. abstraction is now + written fun), and more directly accessible to the novice (e.g. + dependent product is now written forall and allows omission of + types). Also, parentheses are no longer mandatory for function + application. + +- extensibility: some standard notations (e.g. “<” and “>”) were + incompatible with the previous syntax. Now all standard arithmetic + notations (=, +, \*, /, <, <=, ... and more) are directly part of the + syntax. + +Together with the revision of the concrete syntax, a new mechanism of +*interpretation scopes* permits to reuse the same symbols (typically +, +-, \*, /, <, <=) in various mathematical theories without any +ambiguities for |Coq|, leading to a largely improved readability of |Coq| +scripts. New commands to easily add new symbols are also provided. + +Coming with the new syntax of terms, a slight reform of the tactic +language and of the language of commands has been carried out. The +purpose here is a better uniformity making the tactics and commands +easier to use and to remember. + +Thirdly, a restructuring and uniformization of the standard library of +Coq has been performed. There is now just one Leibniz equality usable +for all the different kinds of |Coq| objects. Also, the set of real +numbers now lies at the same level as the sets of natural and integer +numbers. Finally, the names of the standard properties of numbers now +follow a standard pattern and the symbolic notations for the standard +definitions as well. + +The fourth point is the release of |CoqIDE|, a new graphical gtk2-based +interface fully integrated with |Coq|. Close in style to the Proof General +Emacs interface, it is faster and its integration with |Coq| makes +interactive developments more friendly. All mathematical Unicode symbols +are usable within |CoqIDE|. + +Finally, the module system of |Coq| completes the picture of |Coq| version +8.0. Though released with an experimental status in the previous version +7.4, it should be considered as a salient feature of the new version. + +Besides, |Coq| comes with its load of novelties and improvements: new or +improved tactics (including a new tactic for solving first-order +statements), new management commands, extended libraries. + +Bruno Barras and Hugo Herbelin have been the main contributors of the +reflection and the implementation of the new syntax. The smart automatic +translator from old to new syntax released with |Coq| is also their work +with contributions by Olivier Desmettre. + +Hugo Herbelin is the main designer and implementer of the notion of +interpretation scopes and of the commands for easily adding new +notations. + +Hugo Herbelin is the main implementer of the restructured standard library. + +Pierre Corbineau is the main designer and implementer of the new tactic +for solving first-order statements in presence of inductive types. He is +also the maintainer of the non-domain specific automation tactics. + +Benjamin Monate is the developer of the |CoqIDE| graphical interface with +contributions by Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Pierre Letouzey, Claude +Marché and Bruno Barras. + +Claude Marché coordinated the edition of the Reference Manual for |Coq| +V8.0. + +Pierre Letouzey and Jacek Chrząszcz respectively maintained the +extraction tool and module system of |Coq|. + +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Pierre Letouzey, Hugo Herbelin and other +contributors from Sophia-Antipolis and Nijmegen participated in +extending the library. + +Julien Narboux built a NSIS-based automatic |Coq| installation tool for +the Windows platform. + +Hugo Herbelin and Christine Paulin coordinated the development which was +under the responsibility of Christine Paulin. + +| Palaiseau & Orsay, Apr. 2004 +| Hugo Herbelin & Christine Paulin +| (updated Apr. 2006) +| + +Credits: version 8.1 +-------------------- + +Coq version 8.1 adds various new functionalities. + +Benjamin Grégoire implemented an alternative algorithm to check the +convertibility of terms in the |Coq| type checker. This alternative +algorithm works by compilation to an efficient bytecode that is +interpreted in an abstract machine similar to Xavier Leroy’s ZINC +machine. Convertibility is performed by comparing the normal forms. This +alternative algorithm is specifically interesting for proofs by +reflection. More generally, it is convenient in case of intensive +computations. + +Christine Paulin implemented an extension of inductive types allowing +recursively non uniform parameters. Hugo Herbelin implemented +sort-polymorphism for inductive types (now called template polymorphism). + +Claudio Sacerdoti Coen improved the tactics for rewriting on arbitrary +compatible equivalence relations. He also generalized rewriting to +arbitrary transition systems. + +Claudio Sacerdoti Coen added new features to the module system. + +Benjamin Grégoire, Assia Mahboubi and Bruno Barras developed a new, more +efficient and more general simplification algorithm for rings and +semirings. + +Laurent Théry and Bruno Barras developed a new, significantly more +efficient simplification algorithm for fields. + +Hugo Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey, Julien Forest, Julien Narboux and +Claudio Sacerdoti Coen added new tactic features. + +Hugo Herbelin implemented matching on disjunctive patterns. + +New mechanisms made easier the communication between |Coq| and external +provers. Nicolas Ayache and Jean-Christophe Filliâtre implemented +connections with the provers cvcl, Simplify and zenon. Hugo Herbelin +implemented an experimental protocol for calling external tools from the +tactic language. + +Matthieu Sozeau developed Russell, an experimental language to specify +the behavior of programs with subtypes. + +A mechanism to automatically use some specific tactic to solve +unresolved implicit has been implemented by Hugo Herbelin. + +Laurent Théry’s contribution on strings and Pierre Letouzey and +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre’s contribution on finite maps have been +integrated to the |Coq| standard library. Pierre Letouzey developed a +library about finite sets “à la Objective Caml”. With Jean-Marc Notin, +he extended the library on lists. Pierre Letouzey’s contribution on +rational numbers has been integrated and extended. + +Pierre Corbineau extended his tactic for solving first-order statements. +He wrote a reflection-based intuitionistic tautology solver. + +Pierre Courtieu, Julien Forest and Yves Bertot added extra support to +reason on the inductive structure of recursively defined functions. + +Jean-Marc Notin significantly contributed to the general maintenance of +the system. He also took care of `coqdoc`. + +Pierre Castéran contributed to the documentation of (co-)inductive types +and suggested improvements to the libraries. + +Pierre Corbineau implemented a declarative mathematical proof language, +usable in combination with the tactic-based style of proof. + +Finally, many users suggested improvements of the system through the +Coq-Club mailing list and bug-tracker systems, especially user groups +from INRIA Rocquencourt, Radboud University, University of Pennsylvania +and Yale University. + +| Palaiseau, July 2006 +| Hugo Herbelin +| + +Credits: version 8.2 +-------------------- + +Coq version 8.2 adds new features, new libraries and improves on many +various aspects. + +Regarding the language of |Coq|, the main novelty is the introduction by +Matthieu Sozeau of a package of commands providing Haskell-style typeclasses. +Typeclasses, which come with a few convenient features such as +type-based resolution of implicit arguments, play a new landmark role +in the architecture of |Coq| with respect to automation. For +instance, thanks to typeclass support, Matthieu Sozeau could +implement a new resolution-based version of the tactics dedicated to +rewriting on arbitrary transitive relations. + +Another major improvement of |Coq| 8.2 is the evolution of the arithmetic +libraries and of the tools associated to them. Benjamin Grégoire and +Laurent Théry contributed a modular library for building arbitrarily +large integers from bounded integers while Evgeny Makarov contributed a +modular library of abstract natural and integer arithmetic together +with a few convenient tactics. On his side, Pierre Letouzey made +numerous extensions to the arithmetic libraries on :math:`\mathbb{Z}` +and :math:`\mathbb{Q}`, including extra support for automation in +presence of various number-theory concepts. + +Frédéric Besson contributed a reflective tactic based on Krivine-Stengle +Positivstellensatz (the easy way) for validating provability of systems +of inequalities. The platform is flexible enough to support the +validation of any algorithm able to produce a “certificate” for the +Positivstellensatz and this covers the case of Fourier-Motzkin (for +linear systems in :math:`\mathbb{Q}` and :math:`\mathbb{R}`), +Fourier-Motzkin with cutting planes (for linear systems in +:math:`\mathbb{Z}`) and sum-of-squares (for non-linear systems). Evgeny +Makarov made the platform generic over arbitrary ordered rings. + +Arnaud Spiwack developed a library of 31-bits machine integers and, +relying on Benjamin Grégoire and Laurent Théry’s library, delivered a +library of unbounded integers in base :math:`2^{31}`. As importantly, he +developed a notion of “retro-knowledge” so as to safely extend the +kernel-located bytecode-based efficient evaluation algorithm of |Coq| +version 8.1 to use 31-bits machine arithmetic for efficiently computing +with the library of integers he developed. + +Beside the libraries, various improvements were contributed to provide a more +comfortable end-user language and more expressive tactic language. Hugo +Herbelin and Matthieu Sozeau improved the pattern matching compilation +algorithm (detection of impossible clauses in pattern matching, +automatic inference of the return type). Hugo Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey +and Matthieu Sozeau contributed various new convenient syntactic +constructs and new tactics or tactic features: more inference of +redundant information, better unification, better support for proof or +definition by fixpoint, more expressive rewriting tactics, better +support for meta-variables, more convenient notations... + +Élie Soubiran improved the module system, adding new features (such as +an “include” command) and making it more flexible and more general. He +and Pierre Letouzey improved the support for modules in the extraction +mechanism. + +Matthieu Sozeau extended the Russell language, ending in an convenient +way to write programs of given specifications, Pierre Corbineau extended +the Mathematical Proof Language and the automation tools that +accompany it, Pierre Letouzey supervised and extended various parts of the +standard library, Stéphane Glondu contributed a few tactics and +improvements, Jean-Marc Notin provided help in debugging, general +maintenance and coqdoc support, Vincent Siles contributed extensions of +the Scheme command and of injection. + +Bruno Barras implemented the `coqchk` tool: this is a stand-alone +type checker that can be used to certify .vo files. Especially, as this +verifier runs in a separate process, it is granted not to be “hijacked” +by virtually malicious extensions added to |Coq|. + +Yves Bertot, Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Pierre Courtieu and Julien +Forest acted as maintainers of features they implemented in previous +versions of |Coq|. + +Julien Narboux contributed to |CoqIDE|. Nicolas Tabareau made the +adaptation of the interface of the old “setoid rewrite” tactic to the +new version. Lionel Mamane worked on the interaction between |Coq| and its +external interfaces. With Samuel Mimram, he also helped making |Coq| +compatible with recent software tools. Russell O’Connor, Cezary +Kaliszyk, Milad Niqui contributed to improve the libraries of integers, +rational, and real numbers. We also thank many users and partners for +suggestions and feedback, in particular Pierre Castéran and Arthur +Charguéraud, the INRIA Marelle team, Georges Gonthier and the +INRIA-Microsoft Mathematical Components team, the Foundations group at +Radboud university in Nijmegen, reporters of bugs and participants to +the Coq-Club mailing list. + +| Palaiseau, June 2008 +| Hugo Herbelin +| + +Credits: version 8.3 +-------------------- + +Coq version 8.3 is before all a transition version with refinements or +extensions of the existing features and libraries and a new tactic nsatz +based on Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz for deciding systems of equations +over rings. + +With respect to libraries, the main evolutions are due to Pierre +Letouzey with a rewriting of the library of finite sets FSets and a new +round of evolutions in the modular development of arithmetic (library +Numbers). The reason for making FSets evolve is that the computational +and logical contents were quite intertwined in the original +implementation, leading in some cases to longer computations than +expected and this problem is solved in the new MSets implementation. As +for the modular arithmetic library, it was only dealing with the basic +arithmetic operators in the former version and its current extension +adds the standard theory of the division, min and max functions, all +made available for free to any implementation of :math:`\mathbb{N}`, +:math:`\mathbb{Z}` or :math:`\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}`. + +The main other evolutions of the library are due to Hugo Herbelin who +made a revision of the sorting library (including a certified +merge-sort) and to Guillaume Melquiond who slightly revised and cleaned +up the library of reals. + +The module system evolved significantly. Besides the resolution of some +efficiency issues and a more flexible construction of module types, Élie +Soubiran brought a new model of name equivalence, the +:math:`\Delta`-equivalence, which respects as much as possible the names +given by the users. He also designed with Pierre Letouzey a new, +convenient operator ``<+`` for nesting functor application that +provides a light notation for inheriting the properties of cascading +modules. + +The new tactic nsatz is due to Loïc Pottier. It works by computing +Gröbner bases. Regarding the existing tactics, various improvements have +been done by Matthieu Sozeau, Hugo Herbelin and Pierre Letouzey. + +Matthieu Sozeau extended and refined the typeclasses and Program +features (the Russell language). Pierre Letouzey maintained and improved +the extraction mechanism. Bruno Barras and Élie Soubiran maintained the +Coq checker, Julien Forest maintained the Function mechanism for +reasoning over recursively defined functions. Matthieu Sozeau, Hugo +Herbelin and Jean-Marc Notin maintained coqdoc. Frédéric Besson +maintained the Micromega platform for deciding systems of inequalities. +Pierre Courtieu maintained the support for the Proof General Emacs +interface. Claude Marché maintained the plugin for calling external +provers (dp). Yves Bertot made some improvements to the libraries of +lists and integers. Matthias Puech improved the search functions. +Guillaume Melquiond usefully contributed here and there. Yann +Régis-Gianas grounded the support for Unicode on a more standard and +more robust basis. + +Though invisible from outside, Arnaud Spiwack improved the general +process of management of existential variables. Pierre Letouzey and +Stéphane Glondu improved the compilation scheme of the |Coq| archive. +Vincent Gross provided support to |CoqIDE|. Jean-Marc Notin provided +support for benchmarking and archiving. + +Many users helped by reporting problems, providing patches, suggesting +improvements or making useful comments, either on the bug tracker or on +the Coq-Club mailing list. This includes but not exhaustively Cédric +Auger, Arthur Charguéraud, François Garillot, Georges Gonthier, Robin +Green, Stéphane Lescuyer, Eelis van der Weegen, ... + +Though not directly related to the implementation, special thanks are +going to Yves Bertot, Pierre Castéran, Adam Chlipala, and Benjamin +Pierce for the excellent teaching materials they provided. + +| Paris, April 2010 +| Hugo Herbelin +| + +Credits: version 8.4 +-------------------- + +Coq version 8.4 contains the result of three long-term projects: a new +modular library of arithmetic by Pierre Letouzey, a new proof engine by +Arnaud Spiwack and a new communication protocol for |CoqIDE| by Vincent +Gross. + +The new modular library of arithmetic extends, generalizes and unifies +the existing libraries on Peano arithmetic (types nat, N and BigN), +positive arithmetic (type positive), integer arithmetic (Z and BigZ) and +machine word arithmetic (type Int31). It provides with unified notations +(e.g. systematic use of add and mul for denoting the addition and +multiplication operators), systematic and generic development of +operators and properties of these operators for all the types mentioned +above, including gcd, pcm, power, square root, base 2 logarithm, +division, modulo, bitwise operations, logical shifts, comparisons, +iterators, ... + +The most visible feature of the new proof engine is the support for +structured scripts (bullets and proof brackets) but, even if yet not +user-available, the new engine also provides the basis for refining +existential variables using tactics, for applying tactics to several +goals simultaneously, for reordering goals, all features which are +planned for the next release. The new proof engine forced Pierre Letouzey +to reimplement info and Show Script differently. + +Before version 8.4, |CoqIDE| was linked to |Coq| with the graphical +interface living in a separate thread. From version 8.4, |CoqIDE| is a +separate process communicating with |Coq| through a textual channel. This +allows for a more robust interfacing, the ability to interrupt |Coq| +without interrupting the interface, and the ability to manage several +sessions in parallel. Relying on the infrastructure work made by Vincent +Gross, Pierre Letouzey, Pierre Boutillier and Pierre-Marie Pédrot +contributed many various refinements of |CoqIDE|. + +Coq 8.4 also comes with a bunch of various smaller-scale changes +and improvements regarding the different components of the system. + +The underlying logic has been extended with :math:`\eta`-conversion +thanks to Hugo Herbelin, Stéphane Glondu and Benjamin Grégoire. The +addition of :math:`\eta`-conversion is justified by the confidence that +the formulation of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions based on +typed equality (such as the one considered in Lee and Werner to build a +set-theoretic model of CIC :cite:`LeeWerner11`) is +applicable to the concrete implementation of |Coq|. + +The underlying logic benefited also from a refinement of the guard +condition for fixpoints by Pierre Boutillier, the point being that it is +safe to propagate the information about structurally smaller arguments +through :math:`\beta`-redexes that are blocked by the “match” +construction (blocked commutative cuts). + +Relying on the added permissiveness of the guard condition, Hugo +Herbelin could extend the pattern matching compilation algorithm so that +matching over a sequence of terms involving dependencies of a term or of +the indices of the type of a term in the type of other terms is +systematically supported. + +Regarding the high-level specification language, Pierre Boutillier +introduced the ability to give implicit arguments to anonymous +functions, Hugo Herbelin introduced the ability to define notations with +several binders (e.g. ``exists x y z, P``), Matthieu Sozeau made the +typeclass inference mechanism more robust and predictable, Enrico +Tassi introduced a command Arguments that generalizes Implicit Arguments +and Arguments Scope for assigning various properties to arguments of +constants. Various improvements in the type inference algorithm were +provided by Matthieu Sozeau and Hugo Herbelin with contributions from +Enrico Tassi. + +Regarding tactics, Hugo Herbelin introduced support for referring to +expressions occurring in the goal by pattern in tactics such as set or +destruct. Hugo Herbelin also relied on ideas from Chung-Kil Hur’s Heq +plugin to introduce automatic computation of occurrences to generalize +when using destruct and induction on types with indices. Stéphane Glondu +introduced new tactics constr\_eq, is\_evar and has\_evar to be used +when writing complex tactics. Enrico Tassi added support to fine-tuning +the behavior of simpl. Enrico Tassi added the ability to specify over +which variables of a section a lemma has to be exactly generalized. +Pierre Letouzey added a tactic timeout and the interruptibility of +vm\_compute. Bug fixes and miscellaneous improvements of the tactic +language came from Hugo Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey and Matthieu Sozeau. + +Regarding decision tactics, Loïc Pottier maintained nsatz, moving in +particular to a typeclass based reification of goals while Frédéric +Besson maintained Micromega, adding in particular support for division. + +Regarding vernacular commands, Stéphane Glondu provided new commands to +analyze the structure of type universes. + +Regarding libraries, a new library about lists of a given length (called +vectors) has been provided by Pierre Boutillier. A new instance of +finite sets based on Red-Black trees and provided by Andrew Appel has +been adapted for the standard library by Pierre Letouzey. In the library +of real analysis, Yves Bertot changed the definition of :math:`\pi` and +provided a proof of the long-standing fact yet remaining unproved in +this library, namely that :math:`sin \frac{\pi}{2} = +1`. + +Pierre Corbineau maintained the Mathematical Proof Language (C-zar). + +Bruno Barras and Benjamin Grégoire maintained the call-by-value +reduction machines. + +The extraction mechanism benefited from several improvements provided by +Pierre Letouzey. + +Pierre Letouzey maintained the module system, with contributions from +Élie Soubiran. + +Julien Forest maintained the Function command. + +Matthieu Sozeau maintained the setoid rewriting mechanism. + +Coq related tools have been upgraded too. In particular, coq\_makefile +has been largely revised by Pierre Boutillier. Also, patches from Adam +Chlipala for coqdoc have been integrated by Pierre Boutillier. + +Bruno Barras and Pierre Letouzey maintained the `coqchk` checker. + +Pierre Courtieu and Arnaud Spiwack contributed new features for using +Coq through Proof General. + +The Dp plugin has been removed. Use the plugin provided with Why 3 +instead (http://why3.lri.fr). + +Under the hood, the |Coq| architecture benefited from improvements in +terms of efficiency and robustness, especially regarding universes +management and existential variables management, thanks to Pierre +Letouzey and Yann Régis-Gianas with contributions from Stéphane Glondu +and Matthias Puech. The build system is maintained by Pierre Letouzey +with contributions from Stéphane Glondu and Pierre Boutillier. + +A new backtracking mechanism simplifying the task of external interfaces +has been designed by Pierre Letouzey. + +The general maintenance was done by Pierre Letouzey, Hugo Herbelin, +Pierre Boutillier, Matthieu Sozeau and Stéphane Glondu with also +specific contributions from Guillaume Melquiond, Julien Narboux and +Pierre-Marie Pédrot. + +Packaging tools were provided by Pierre Letouzey (Windows), Pierre +Boutillier (MacOS), Stéphane Glondu (Debian). Releasing, testing and +benchmarking support was provided by Jean-Marc Notin. + +Many suggestions for improvements were motivated by feedback from users, +on either the bug tracker or the Coq-Club mailing list. Special thanks +are going to the users who contributed patches, starting with Tom +Prince. Other patch contributors include Cédric Auger, David Baelde, Dan +Grayson, Paolo Herms, Robbert Krebbers, Marc Lasson, Hendrik Tews and +Eelis van der Weegen. + +| Paris, December 2011 +| Hugo Herbelin +| + +Credits: version 8.5 +-------------------- + +Coq version 8.5 contains the result of five specific long-term projects: + +- A new asynchronous evaluation and compilation mode by Enrico Tassi + with help from Bruno Barras and Carst Tankink. + +- Full integration of the new proof engine by Arnaud Spiwack helped by + Pierre-Marie Pédrot, + +- Addition of conversion and reduction based on native compilation by + Maxime Dénès and Benjamin Grégoire. + +- Full universe polymorphism for definitions and inductive types by + Matthieu Sozeau. + +- An implementation of primitive projections with + :math:`\eta`-conversion bringing significant performance improvements + when using records by Matthieu Sozeau. + +The full integration of the proof engine, by Arnaud Spiwack and +Pierre-Marie Pédrot, brings to primitive tactics and the user level Ltac +language dependent subgoals, deep backtracking and multiple goal +handling, along with miscellaneous features and an improved potential +for future modifications. Dependent subgoals allow statements in a goal +to mention the proof of another. Proofs of unsolved subgoals appear as +existential variables. Primitive backtracking makes it possible to write +a tactic with several possible outcomes which are tried successively +when subsequent tactics fail. Primitives are also available to control +the backtracking behavior of tactics. Multiple goal handling paves the +way for smarter automation tactics. It is currently used for simple goal +manipulation such as goal reordering. + +The way |Coq| processes a document in batch and interactive mode has been +redesigned by Enrico Tassi with help from Bruno Barras. Opaque proofs, +the text between Proof and Qed, can be processed asynchronously, +decoupling the checking of definitions and statements from the checking +of proofs. It improves the responsiveness of interactive development, +since proofs can be processed in the background. Similarly, compilation +of a file can be split into two phases: the first one checking only +definitions and statements and the second one checking proofs. A file +resulting from the first phase – with the .vio extension – can be +already Required. All .vio files can be turned into complete .vo files +in parallel. The same infrastructure also allows terminating tactics to +be run in parallel on a set of goals via the ``par:`` goal selector. + +|CoqIDE| was modified to cope with asynchronous checking of the document. +Its source code was also made separate from that of |Coq|, so that |CoqIDE| +no longer has a special status among user interfaces, paving the way for +decoupling its release cycle from that of |Coq| in the future. + +Carst Tankink developed a |Coq| back-end for user interfaces built on +Makarius Wenzel’s Prover IDE framework (PIDE), like PIDE/jEdit (with +help from Makarius Wenzel) or PIDE/Coqoon (with help from Alexander +Faithfull and Jesper Bengtson). The development of such features was +funded by the Paral-ITP French ANR project. + +The full universe polymorphism extension was designed by Matthieu +Sozeau. It conservatively extends the universes system and core calculus +with definitions and inductive declarations parameterized by universes +and constraints. It is based on a modification of the kernel +architecture to handle constraint checking only, leaving the generation +of constraints to the refinement/type inference engine. Accordingly, +tactics are now fully universe aware, resulting in more localized error +messages in case of inconsistencies and allowing higher-level algorithms +like unification to be entirely type safe. The internal representation +of universes has been modified but this is invisible to the user. + +The underlying logic has been extended with :math:`\eta`-conversion for +records defined with primitive projections by Matthieu Sozeau. This +additional form of :math:`\eta`-conversion is justified using the same +principle than the previously added :math:`\eta`-conversion for function +types, based on formulations of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions +with typed equality. Primitive projections, which do not carry the +parameters of the record and are rigid names (not defined as a +pattern matching construct), make working with nested records more +manageable in terms of time and space consumption. This extension and +universe polymorphism were carried out partly while Matthieu Sozeau was +working at the IAS in Princeton. + +The guard condition has been made compliant with extensional equality +principles such as propositional extensionality and univalence, thanks +to Maxime Dénès and Bruno Barras. To ensure compatibility with the +univalence axiom, a new flag “-indices-matter” has been implemented, +taking into account the universe levels of indices when computing the +levels of inductive types. This supports using |Coq| as a tool to explore +the relations between homotopy theory and type theory. + +Maxime Dénès and Benjamin Grégoire developed an implementation of +conversion test and normal form computation using the OCaml native +compiler. It complements the virtual machine conversion offering much +faster computation for expensive functions. + +Coq 8.5 also comes with a bunch of many various smaller-scale changes +and improvements regarding the different components of the system. We +shall only list a few of them. + +Pierre Boutillier developed an improved tactic for simplification of +expressions called cbn. + +Maxime Dénès maintained the bytecode-based reduction machine. Pierre +Letouzey maintained the extraction mechanism. + +Pierre-Marie Pédrot has extended the syntax of terms to, experimentally, +allow holes in terms to be solved by a locally specified tactic. + +Existential variables are referred to by identifiers rather than mere +numbers, thanks to Hugo Herbelin who also improved the tactic language +here and there. + +Error messages for universe inconsistencies have been improved by +Matthieu Sozeau. Error messages for unification and type inference +failures have been improved by Hugo Herbelin, Pierre-Marie Pédrot and +Arnaud Spiwack. + +Pierre Courtieu contributed new features for using |Coq| through Proof +General and for better interactive experience (bullets, Search, etc). + +The efficiency of the whole system has been significantly improved +thanks to contributions from Pierre-Marie Pédrot. + +A distribution channel for |Coq| packages using the OPAM tool has been +initiated by Thomas Braibant and developed by Guillaume Claret, with +contributions by Enrico Tassi and feedback from Hugo Herbelin. + +Packaging tools were provided by Pierre Letouzey and Enrico Tassi +(Windows), Pierre Boutillier, Matthieu Sozeau and Maxime Dénès (MacOS +X). Maxime Dénès improved significantly the testing and benchmarking +support. + +Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via +the bug tracker, the coq development mailing list or the Coq-Club +mailing list. Special thanks are going to the users who contributed +patches and intensive brain-storming, starting with Jason Gross, +Jonathan Leivent, Greg Malecha, Clément Pit-Claudel, Marc Lasson, Lionel +Rieg. It would however be impossible to mention with precision all names +of people who to some extent influenced the development. + +Version 8.5 is one of the most important releases of |Coq|. Its development +spanned over about 3 years and a half with about one year of +beta-testing. General maintenance during part or whole of this period +has been done by Pierre Boutillier, Pierre Courtieu, Maxime Dénès, Hugo +Herbelin, Pierre Letouzey, Guillaume Melquiond, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, +Matthieu Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Enrico Tassi as well as Bruno Barras, +Yves Bertot, Frédéric Besson, Xavier Clerc, Pierre Corbineau, +Jean-Christophe Filliâtre, Julien Forest, Sébastien Hinderer, Assia +Mahboubi, Jean-Marc Notin, Yann Régis-Gianas, François Ripault, Carst +Tankink. Maxime Dénès coordinated the release process. + +| Paris, January 2015, revised December 2015, +| Hugo Herbelin, Matthieu Sozeau and the |Coq| development team +| + +Credits: version 8.6 +-------------------- + +Coq version 8.6 contains the result of refinements, stabilization of +8.5’s features and cleanups of the internals of the system. Over the +year of (now time-based) development, about 450 bugs were resolved and +over 100 contributions integrated. The main user visible changes are: + +- A new, faster state-of-the-art universe constraint checker, by + Jacques-Henri Jourdan. + +- In |CoqIDE| and other asynchronous interfaces, more fine-grained + asynchronous processing and error reporting by Enrico Tassi, making + |Coq| capable of recovering from errors and continue processing the + document. + +- More access to the proof engine features from Ltac: goal management + primitives, range selectors and a ``typeclasses eauto`` engine handling + multiple goals and multiple successes, by Cyprien Mangin, Matthieu + Sozeau and Arnaud Spiwack. + +- Tactic behavior uniformization and specification, generalization of + intro-patterns by Hugo Herbelin and others. + +- A brand new warning system allowing to control warnings, turn them + into errors or ignore them selectively by Maxime Dénès, Guillaume + Melquiond, Pierre-Marie Pédrot and others. + +- Irrefutable patterns in abstractions, by Daniel de Rauglaudre. + +- The ssreflect subterm selection algorithm by Georges Gonthier and + Enrico Tassi is now accessible to tactic writers through the + ssrmatching plugin. + +- Integration of LtacProf, a profiler for Ltac by Jason Gross, Paul + Steckler, Enrico Tassi and Tobias Tebbi. + +Coq 8.6 also comes with a bunch of smaller-scale changes and +improvements regarding the different components of the system. We shall +only list a few of them. + +The iota reduction flag is now a shorthand for match, fix and cofix +flags controlling the corresponding reduction rules (by Hugo Herbelin +and Maxime Dénès). + +Maxime Dénès maintained the native compilation machinery. + +Pierre-Marie Pédrot separated the Ltac code from general purpose +tactics, and generalized and rationalized the handling of generic +arguments, allowing to create new versions of Ltac more easily in the +future. + +In patterns and terms, @, abbreviations and notations are now +interpreted the same way, by Hugo Herbelin. + +Name handling for universes has been improved by Pierre-Marie Pédrot and +Matthieu Sozeau. The minimization algorithm has been improved by +Matthieu Sozeau. + +The unifier has been improved by Hugo Herbelin and Matthieu Sozeau, +fixing some incompatibilities introduced in |Coq| 8.5. Unification +constraints can now be left floating around and be seen by the user +thanks to a new option. The Keyed Unification mode has been improved by +Matthieu Sozeau. + +The typeclass resolution engine and associated proof-search tactic have +been reimplemented on top of the proof-engine monad, providing better +integration in tactics, and new options have been introduced to control +it, by Matthieu Sozeau with help from Théo Zimmermann. + +The efficiency of the whole system has been significantly improved +thanks to contributions from Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Maxime Dénès and +Matthieu Sozeau and performance issue tracking by Jason Gross and Paul +Steckler. + +Standard library improvements by Jason Gross, Sébastien Hinderer, Pierre +Letouzey and others. + +Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias contributed many cleanups and refactorings of +the pretty-printing and user interface communication components. + +Frédéric Besson maintained the micromega tactic. + +The OPAM repository for |Coq| packages has been maintained by Guillaume +Claret, Guillaume Melquiond, Matthieu Sozeau, Enrico Tassi and others. A +list of packages is now available at https://coq.inria.fr/opam/www/. + +Packaging tools and software development kits were prepared by Michael +Soegtrop with the help of Maxime Dénès and Enrico Tassi for Windows, and +Maxime Dénès and Matthieu Sozeau for MacOS X. Packages are now regularly +built on the continuous integration server. |Coq| now comes with a META +file usable with ocamlfind, contributed by Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, +Gregory Malecha, and Matthieu Sozeau. + +Matej Košík maintained and greatly improved the continuous integration +setup and the testing of |Coq| contributions. He also contributed many API +improvements and code cleanups throughout the system. + +The contributors for this version are Bruno Barras, C.J. Bell, Yves +Bertot, Frédéric Besson, Pierre Boutillier, Tej Chajed, Guillaume +Claret, Xavier Clerc, Pierre Corbineau, Pierre Courtieu, Maxime Dénès, +Ricky Elrod, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, Jason Gross, Hugo Herbelin, +Sébastien Hinderer, Jacques-Henri Jourdan, Matej Košík, Xavier Leroy, +Pierre Letouzey, Gregory Malecha, Cyprien Mangin, Erik Martin-Dorel, +Guillaume Melquiond, Clément Pit–Claudel, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Daniel de +Rauglaudre, Lionel Rieg, Gabriel Scherer, Thomas Sibut-Pinote, Matthieu +Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Paul Steckler, Enrico Tassi, Laurent Théry, +Nickolai Zeldovich and Théo Zimmermann. The development process was +coordinated by Hugo Herbelin and Matthieu Sozeau with the help of Maxime +Dénès, who was also in charge of the release process. + +Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via +the bug tracker, the pull request system, the |Coq| development mailing +list or the Coq-Club mailing list. Special thanks to the users who +contributed patches and intensive brain-storming and code reviews, +starting with Cyril Cohen, Jason Gross, Robbert Krebbers, Jonathan +Leivent, Xavier Leroy, Gregory Malecha, Clément Pit–Claudel, Gabriel +Scherer and Beta Ziliani. It would however be impossible to mention +exhaustively the names of everybody who to some extent influenced the +development. + +Version 8.6 is the first release of |Coq| developed on a time-based +development cycle. Its development spanned 10 months from the release of +Coq 8.5 and was based on a public roadmap. To date, it contains more +external contributions than any previous |Coq| system. Code reviews were +systematically done before integration of new features, with an +important focus given to compatibility and performance issues, resulting +in a hopefully more robust release than |Coq| 8.5. + +Coq Enhancement Proposals (CEPs for short) were introduced by Enrico +Tassi to provide more visibility and a discussion period on new +features, they are publicly available https://github.com/coq/ceps. + +Started during this period, an effort is led by Yves Bertot and Maxime +Dénès to put together a |Coq| consortium. + +| Paris, November 2016, +| Matthieu Sozeau and the |Coq| development team +| + +Credits: version 8.7 +-------------------- + +|Coq| version 8.7 contains the result of refinements, stabilization of features +and cleanups of the internals of the system along with a few new features. The +main user visible changes are: + +- New tactics: variants of tactics supporting existential variables eassert, + eenough, etc... by Hugo Herbelin. Tactics extensionality in H and + inversion_sigma by Jason Gross, specialize with ... accepting partial bindings + by Pierre Courtieu. + +- Cumulative Polymorphic Inductive Types, allowing cumulativity of universes to + go through applied inductive types, by Amin Timany and Matthieu Sozeau. + +- Integration of the SSReflect plugin and its documentation in the reference + manual, by Enrico Tassi, Assia Mahboubi and Maxime Dénès. + +- The coq_makefile tool was completely redesigned to improve its maintainability + and the extensibility of generated Makefiles, and to make `_CoqProject` files + more palatable to IDEs by Enrico Tassi. + +|Coq| 8.7 involved a large amount of work on cleaning and speeding up the code +base, notably the work of Pierre-Marie Pédrot on making the tactic-level system +insensitive to existential variable expansion, providing a safer API to plugin +writers and making the code more robust. The `dev/doc/changes.txt` file +documents the numerous changes to the implementation and improvements of +interfaces. An effort to provide an official, streamlined API to plugin writers +is in progress, thanks to the work of Matej Košík. + +Version 8.7 also comes with a bunch of smaller-scale changes and improvements +regarding the different components of the system. We shall only list a few of +them. + +The efficiency of the whole system has been significantly improved thanks to +contributions from Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Maxime Dénès and Matthieu Sozeau and +performance issue tracking by Jason Gross and Paul Steckler. + +Thomas Sibut-Pinote and Hugo Herbelin added support for side effect hooks in +cbv, cbn and simpl. The side effects are provided via a plugin available at +https://github.com/herbelin/reduction-effects/. + +The BigN, BigZ, BigQ libraries are no longer part of the |Coq| standard library, +they are now provided by a separate repository https://github.com/coq/bignums, +maintained by Pierre Letouzey. + +In the Reals library, `IZR` has been changed to produce a compact representation +of integers and real constants are now represented using `IZR` (work by +Guillaume Melquiond). + +Standard library additions and improvements by Jason Gross, Pierre Letouzey and +others, documented in the ``CHANGES.md`` file. + +The mathematical proof language/declarative mode plugin was removed from the +archive. + +The OPAM repository for |Coq| packages has been maintained by Guillaume Melquiond, +Matthieu Sozeau, Enrico Tassi with contributions from many users. A list of +packages is available at https://coq.inria.fr/opam/www/. + +Packaging tools and software development kits were prepared by Michael Soegtrop +with the help of Maxime Dénès and Enrico Tassi for Windows, and Maxime Dénès for +MacOS X. Packages are regularly built on the Travis continuous integration +server. + +The contributors for this version are Abhishek Anand, C.J. Bell, Yves Bertot, +Frédéric Besson, Tej Chajed, Pierre Courtieu, Maxime Dénès, Julien Forest, +Gaëtan Gilbert, Jason Gross, Hugo Herbelin, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, Ralf +Jung, Matej Košík, Xavier Leroy, Pierre Letouzey, Assia Mahboubi, Cyprien +Mangin, Erik Martin-Dorel, Olivier Marty, Guillaume Melquiond, Sam Pablo Kuper, +Benjamin Pierce, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Lars Rasmusson, Lionel Rieg, Valentin +Robert, Yann Régis-Gianas, Thomas Sibut-Pinote, Michael Soegtrop, Matthieu +Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Paul Steckler, George Stelle, Pierre-Yves Strub, Enrico +Tassi, Hendrik Tews, Amin Timany, Laurent Théry, Vadim Zaliva and Théo +Zimmermann. + +The development process was coordinated by Matthieu Sozeau with the help of +Maxime Dénès, who was also in charge of the release process. Théo Zimmermann is +the maintainer of this release. + +Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via the bug +tracker, the pull request system, the |Coq| development mailing list or the +Coq-Club mailing list. Special thanks to the users who contributed patches and +intensive brain-storming and code reviews, starting with Jason Gross, Ralf Jung, +Robbert Krebbers, Xavier Leroy, Clément Pit–Claudel and Gabriel Scherer. It +would however be impossible to mention exhaustively the names of everybody who +to some extent influenced the development. + +Version 8.7 is the second release of |Coq| developed on a time-based development +cycle. Its development spanned 9 months from the release of |Coq| 8.6 and was +based on a public road-map. It attracted many external contributions. Code +reviews and continuous integration testing were systematically used before +integration of new features, with an important focus given to compatibility and +performance issues, resulting in a hopefully more robust release than |Coq| 8.6 +while maintaining compatibility. + +|Coq| Enhancement Proposals (CEPs for short) and open pull request discussions +were used to discuss publicly the new features. + +The |Coq| consortium, an organization directed towards users and supporters of the +system, is now upcoming and will rely on Inria’s newly created Foundation. + +| Paris, August 2017, +| Matthieu Sozeau and the |Coq| development team +| + +Credits: version 8.8 +-------------------- + +|Coq| version 8.8 contains the result of refinements and stabilization of +features and deprecations, cleanups of the internals of the system along +with a few new features. The main user visible changes are: + +- Kernel: fix a subject reduction failure due to allowing fixpoints + on non-recursive values, by Matthieu Sozeau. + Handling of evars in the VM (the kernel still does not accept evars) + by Pierre-Marie Pédrot. + +- Notations: many improvements on recursive notations and support for + destructuring patterns in the syntax of notations by Hugo Herbelin. + +- Proof language: tacticals for profiling, timing and checking success + or failure of tactics by Jason Gross. The focusing bracket ``{`` + supports single-numbered goal selectors, e.g. ``2:{``, by Théo + Zimmermann. + +- Vernacular: deprecation of commands and more uniform handling of the + ``Local`` flag, by Vincent Laporte and Maxime Dénès, part of a larger + attribute system overhaul. Experimental ``Show Extraction`` command by + Pierre Letouzey. Coercion now accepts ``Prop`` or ``Type`` as a source + by Arthur Charguéraud. ``Export`` modifier for options allowing to + export the option to modules that ``Import`` and not only ``Require`` + a module, by Pierre-Marie Pédrot. + +- Universes: many user-level and API level enhancements: qualified + naming and printing, variance annotations for cumulative inductive + types, more general constraints and enhancements of the minimization + heuristics, interaction with modules by Gaëtan Gilbert, Pierre-Marie + Pédrot and Matthieu Sozeau. + +- Library: Decimal Numbers library by Pierre Letouzey and various small + improvements. + +- Documentation: a large community effort resulted in the migration + of the reference manual to the Sphinx documentation tool. The result + is this manual. The new documentation infrastructure (based on Sphinx) + is by Clément Pit-Claudel. The migration was coordinated by Maxime Dénès + and Paul Steckler, with some help of Théo Zimmermann during the + final integration phase. The 14 people who ported the manual are + Calvin Beck, Heiko Becker, Yves Bertot, Maxime Dénès, Richard Ford, + Pierre Letouzey, Assia Mahboubi, Clément Pit-Claudel, + Laurence Rideau, Matthieu Sozeau, Paul Steckler, Enrico Tassi, + Laurent Théry, Nikita Zyuzin. + +- Tools: experimental ``-mangle-names`` option to coqtop/coqc for + linting proof scripts, by Jasper Hugunin. + +On the implementation side, the ``dev/doc/changes.md`` file +documents the numerous changes to the implementation and improvements of +interfaces. The file provides guidelines on porting a plugin to the new +version. + +Version 8.8 also comes with a bunch of smaller-scale changes and +improvements regarding the different components of the system. +Most important ones are documented in the ``CHANGES.md`` file. + +The efficiency of the whole system has seen improvements thanks to +contributions from Gaëtan Gilbert, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, Maxime Dénès and +Matthieu Sozeau and performance issue tracking by Jason Gross and Paul +Steckler. + +The official wiki and the bugtracker of |Coq| migrated to the GitHub +platform, thanks to the work of Pierre Letouzey and Théo +Zimmermann. Gaëtan Gilbert, Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias worked on +maintaining and improving the continuous integration system. + +The OPAM repository for |Coq| packages has been maintained by Guillaume +Melquiond, Matthieu Sozeau, Enrico Tassi with contributions from many +users. A list of packages is available at https://coq.inria.fr/opam/www. + +The 44 contributors for this version are Yves Bertot, Joachim Breitner, Tej +Chajed, Arthur Charguéraud, Jacques-Pascal Deplaix, Maxime Dénès, Jim Fehrle, +Julien Forest, Yannick Forster, Gaëtan Gilbert, Jason Gross, Samuel Gruetter, +Thomas Hebb, Hugo Herbelin, Jasper Hugunin, Emilio Jesus Gallego Arias, Ralf +Jung, Johannes Kloos, Matej Košík, Robbert Krebbers, Tony Beta Lambda, Vincent +Laporte, Peter LeFanu Lumsdaine, Pierre Letouzey, Farzon Lotfi, Cyprien Mangin, +Guillaume Melquiond, Raphaël Monat, Carl Patenaude Poulin, Pierre-Marie Pédrot, +Clément Pit-Claudel, Matthew Ryan, Matt Quinn, Sigurd Schneider, Bernhard +Schommer, Michael Soegtrop, Matthieu Sozeau, Arnaud Spiwack, Paul Steckler, +Enrico Tassi, Anton Trunov, Martin Vassor, Vadim Zaliva and Théo Zimmermann. + +Version 8.8 is the third release of |Coq| developed on a time-based +development cycle. Its development spanned 6 months from the release of +|Coq| 8.7 and was based on a public roadmap. The development process +was coordinated by Matthieu Sozeau. Maxime Dénès was in charge of the +release process. Théo Zimmermann is the maintainer of this release. + +Many power users helped to improve the design of the new features via +the bug tracker, the pull request system, the |Coq| development mailing +list or the coq-club@inria.fr mailing list. Special thanks to the users who +contributed patches and intensive brain-storming and code reviews, +starting with Jason Gross, Ralf Jung, Robbert Krebbers and Amin Timany. +It would however be impossible to mention exhaustively the names +of everybody who to some extent influenced the development. + +The |Coq| consortium, an organization directed towards users and +supporters of the system, is now running and employs Maxime Dénès. +The contacts of the Coq Consortium are Yves Bertot and Maxime Dénès. + +| Santiago de Chile, March 2018, +| Matthieu Sozeau for the |Coq| development team +| diff --git a/doc/sphinx/index.html.rst b/doc/sphinx/index.html.rst index a4ab4ad070..a652b9e1ca 100644 --- a/doc/sphinx/index.html.rst +++ b/doc/sphinx/index.html.rst @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -.. _introduction: - ========================== Introduction and Contents ========================== @@ -82,9 +80,6 @@ Contents zebibliography -License -------- - .. include:: license.rst .. [#PG] Proof-General is available at https://proofgeneral.github.io/. diff --git a/doc/sphinx/index.latex.rst b/doc/sphinx/index.latex.rst index af757f8746..9e9eb330fe 100644 --- a/doc/sphinx/index.latex.rst +++ b/doc/sphinx/index.latex.rst @@ -2,26 +2,22 @@ The Coq Reference Manual ========================== +------------ Introduction ------------ .. include:: introduction.rst +.. include:: license.rst + .. [#PG] Proof-General is available at https://proofgeneral.github.io/. Optionally, you can enhance it with the minor mode Company-Coq :cite:`Pit16` (see https://github.com/cpitclaudel/company-coq). -Credits -------- - .. include:: credits.rst -License -------- - -.. include:: license.rst - +------------ The language ------------ @@ -33,6 +29,7 @@ The language language/cic language/module-system +---------------- The proof engine ---------------- @@ -45,6 +42,7 @@ The proof engine proof-engine/detailed-tactic-examples proof-engine/ssreflect-proof-language +--------------- User extensions --------------- @@ -53,6 +51,7 @@ User extensions user-extensions/syntax-extensions user-extensions/proof-schemes +--------------- Practical tools --------------- @@ -62,6 +61,7 @@ Practical tools practical-tools/utilities practical-tools/coqide +-------- Addendum -------- diff --git a/doc/sphinx/license.rst b/doc/sphinx/license.rst index 232b04211c..55c6d988f0 100644 --- a/doc/sphinx/license.rst +++ b/doc/sphinx/license.rst @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +License +------- + This material (the Coq Reference Manual) may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at -- cgit v1.2.3